Chapter 1 A&P

Using the anatomical terminology presented in this video, how would you describe the location of a bruise on the front right lower leg?

Anterior, distal to knee

Which of the following best demonstrates the principle of complementarity of structure and function?

Bones can support and protect body organs because they contain hard mineral deposits.

Choose the anatomical topic and definition that is not correctly matched. -Embryology: study of the changes in an individual from conception to birth. -Gross anatomy: study of structures visible to the eye. -Microscopic anatomy: study of structures too small to be seen by the naked eye. -Cytology: study of the structures in a particular region.

Cytology: study of the structures in a particular region.

True or False: A coronal section creates a superior and an inferior section.

False

True or False: Cells within the body work independently of one another and rarely have direct effects on other cells.

False

True or False: The knee is proximal to the thigh

False

True or False: Digestion includes breaking substances into their simpler building blocks, synthesizing more complex cellular structures from simpler substances, and using nutrients and oxygen to produce ATP.

False: this is the definition of metabolism

The study of large body structures, visible to the naked eye, such as the heart is called ________ anatomy

Gross

Anabolic reactions are chemical reactions of the body that build things, make them bigger or more complex. Catabolic reactions break things down making them smaller or less complex. If the rate of anabolic reaction in the body is much faster than the rate of catabolic reactions which of the following necessary life function will be accomplished?

Growth

Which of the following organ systems is involved in the uptake and transport of materials required for life-sustaining processes? I. Digestive system II. Urinary system III. Nervous system IV. Circulatory system V. Reproductive system VI. Respiratory system

I, IV, VI

Type I diabetes is caused when an individual does not produce insulin. Which of the following statements regarding insulin is TRUE? -Insulin is the effector that controls blood sugar. -Insulin blocks a negative feedback mechanism involving blood-sugar levels. -Insulin is the receptor that triggers a positive feedback mechanism, which controls blood-sugar levels. -Without insulin, the body is never able to detect changes in blood sugar.

Insulin is the effector that controls blood sugar.

What is the function of serous fluid?

It enables organs, such as the heart and the stomach, to slide across cavity walls and each other without friction.

Which of the following best defines anatomy?

It is the study of the structure of body parts and their relationships with one another.

Which organ systems function as control systems, communicating with other cells and organs to regulate their activities?

Nervous and endocrine systems

Positive feedback differs from negative feedback because ________.

Positive feedback tends to enhance the triggering stimulus while negative feedback tends to return the body to a homeostatic balance or "ideal" level

What directional term would be used to indicate sunburn on a patient's back?

Posterior

One of the functional characteristics of life is excitability or responsiveness. This refers to ________.

Sensing changes in the environment and then reacting or responding to them

Which directional term is used to describe the relationship of the skin to the skeletal muscles?

Superficial

Which of the following is the proper description of the human body in the anatomical position?

The body is erect with feet slightly apart and palms facing forward with thumbs pointing away from the body.

One of the descriptions below is from the perspective of physiological study, the rest are from an anatomical perspective. Select the description below that comes from physiological perspective

The contraction of smooth muscle in blood vessels (vasoconstriction) can reduce the flow of blood through the vessel.

One of the descriptions below is from the perspective of anatomical study, the rest are from a physiological perspective. Select the description below that comes from an anatomical perspective.

The innermost lining of the lungs is composed primarily of a thin tissue called simple squamous epithelium.

Which of the following statements regarding the umbilicus and the chin is true?

The umbilicus is caudal to the chin.

Pericarditis is a disorder in which pain is experienced in the_________.

Thoracic cavity

Generally what is the result of the negative feedback process?

To maintain homeostasis

What is the role of the serous membranes covering some organs?

To prevent friction between the organ and body cavity wall

True or False: A tissue consists of groups of similar cells that have a common function.

True

True or False: Positive feedback mechanisms tend to enhance the original stimulus so that the response is accelerated

True

All living organisms maintain an external boundary. Which of the following systems functions only within the body?

circulatory system

Which life process, which relies heavily on nutrient inputs from the respiratory and digestive systems, sustains all other life processes?

metabolism

Which one of the following systems responds fastest to environmental stimuli? lymphatic immune nervous muscular

nervous

Which of the following are survival needs of the body? -nutrients, water, atmospheric pressure, and oxygen -nutrients, water, movement, and reproduction -water, atmospheric pressure, growth, and movement -nutrients, water, growth, and reproduction

nutrients, water, atmospheric pressure, and oxygen

It is wise to study anatomy alongside with physiology because ________.

physiology is only explainable in terms of the underlying anatomy

When a baby suckles at its mother's breast the stimulus at the breast is sent to the mother's brain (a region called the hypothalamus). The brain responds by releasing hormones to stimulate the production and the ejection of milk from the breast. This helps the newborn to receive nourishment and encourages more suckling. This example is best described as a ________.

positive feedback

In a homeostatic control mechanism, which component monitors the environment?

receptor

With regards to a variation of a physiological value from its set point or normal limit, negative feedback always __________ the value back to the set point or normal limit

returns

Which of the following cuts could cross the umbilical, pelvic, and nasal regions?

sagittal section

Which of the following represents the correct order in which the components interact in a homeostatic control system?

the receptor, the control center, and the effector

The dorsal body cavity is divided into which of the following subdivisions?

the vertebral/spinal and cranial cavities

Which body cavity is further separated into other cavities?

thoracic

Which materials are exchanged between blood and cells, as depicted by the set of arrows labeled 5 in the figure?

waste products nutrients oxygen carbon dioxide All of the listed responses are correct.