Chapter 1 An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

47) A person lying face down is in the ________ position. A) anatomical B) prone C) supine D) ventral E) prostrate

B) prone

28) ________ serves as a worldwide official standard of anatomical vocabulary. A) Gray's Anatomy B) Terminologia Anatomica C) Hippocratic Corpus D) Anatomia Inteligencia E) De Materia Medica

B) Terminologia Anatomica

23) A chemical imbalance in the body can cause the heart to stop pumping blood, which in turn will cause other tissues and organs to cease functioning. This observation supports the view that A) all organisms are composed of cells. B) all levels of organization within an organism are interdependent. C) chemical molecules make up cells. D) blood has magical properties. E) congenital defects can be life-threatening

B) all levels of organization within an organism are interdependent.

35) The wrist is ________ to the elbow. A) proximal B) distal C) lateral D) medial E) horizontal

B) distal

5) The study of the first two months of development is termed A) histology. B) embryology. C) cytology. D) pathology. E) organology.

B) embryology.

59) Which of the following organs is described as retroperitoneal? A) stomach B) kidney C) urinary bladder D) large intestine E) spleen

B) kidney

52) The common name for the patella is the A) forehead. B) knee. C) heel. D) palm of the hand. E) chin

B) knee.

34) The heart is ________ to the lungs. A) lateral B) medial C) posterior D) proximal E) distal

B) medial

58) The serous membrane covering the stomach and most of the intestines is called the A) pericardium. B) peritoneum. C) pleura. D) mediastinum. E) abdomen.

B) peritoneum.

10) Identify the branch of biological science that deals with the study of how living organisms perform their vital functions. A) genetics B) physiology C) embryology D) anatomy E) cytology

B) physiology

25) Which one of the following is not a characteristic of the endocrine system? A) releases chemical messengers called hormones B) produces a more rapid response than the nervous system C) produces effects that last for days or longer D) produces an effect that involves several organs or tissues at the same time E) important homeostatic system

B) produces a more rapid response than the nervous system

48) A person lying on the bed and gazing at the ceiling is in the ________ position. A) prone B) supine C) anatomical D) dorsal E) caudal

B) supine

3) The study of the general form and superficial markings of an organism is called ________ anatomy. A) gross B) surface C) systemic D) regional E) surgical

B) surface

56) The diaphragm muscle separates the ________ from the ________. A) pleural cavity; mediastinum B) thoracic cavity; abdominopelvic cavity C) pericardial cavity; pleural cavity D) abdominal cavity; pelvic cavity E) pericardial sac; pericardial cavity

B) thoracic cavity; abdominopelvic cavity

43) While standing erect, the direction of caudal is A) toward the head. B) toward the heel. C) lateral to the trunk. D) medial to the sides. E) posterior to the head.

B) toward the heel.

69) The imaging technique that builds an image by using sound waves reflected by internal structures is called a A) PET scan. B) ultrasound. C) digital subtraction angiography. D) MRI. E) CT scan

B) ultrasound.

65) The ________ is the membrane that covers the internal organs. A) parietal serosa B) visceral serosa C) mucous membrane D) cutaneous membrane E) serous membrane

B) visceral serosa

32) A person who is standing facing forward with hands at the sides and palms facing forward is in the ________ position. A) supine B) prone C) anatomical D) frontal E) sagittal

C) anatomical

8) The study of the liver is to gross anatomy as the study of a liver cell is to A) physiology. B) regional anatomy. C) cytology. D) systemic anatomy. E) radiographic anatomy

C) cytology.

21) Lungs are to the respiratory system as the liver is to the ________ system. A) lymphatic B) urinary C) digestive D) cardiovascular E) nervous

C) digestive

64) Which of the following imaging techniques is used to monitor blood flow through specific organs, such as the brain, heart, lungs, and kidneys? A) PET scan B) ultrasound C) digital subtraction angiography D) MRI E) CT scan

C) digital subtraction angiography

24) In general, the nervous system does each of the following except A) help to maintain homeostasis. B) respond rapidly to change. C) direct long-term responses to change. D) direct very specific responses. E) interpret sensory information.

C) direct long-term responses to change.

37) Which of the following regions corresponds to the buttocks? A) pelvic B) cephalic C) gluteal D) lumbar E) thoracic

C) gluteal

40) A midsagittal section of the body would pass through the A) kidney. B) lung. C) heart. D) spleen. E) leg.

C) heart.

70) The central principle of physiology is A) nutrition. B) reflexes. C) homeostasis. D) stimulation. E) temperature regulation

C) homeostasis.

22) Skin, hair, and nails are associated with the ________ system. A) skeletal B) muscular C) integumentary D) endocrine E) immune

C) integumentary

27) Anatomy uses a special language, called ________ terminology, which involves the use of word roots, prefixes, suffixes, and combining forms to construct terms related to the body in health and disease. A) clinical B) pathological C) medical D) anatomical E) surgical

C) medical

20) Which organ system removes carbon dioxide from the bloodstream? A) cardiovascular B) lymphatic C) respiratory D) digestive E) endocrine

C) respiratory

15) Which organ system provides support, protection of soft tissue, mineral storage, and blood formation? A) integumentary B) muscular C) skeletal D) nervous E) endocrine

C) skeletal

1) Anatomy is to ________ as physiology is to ________. A) function; form B) form; structure C) structure; function D) structure; form E) growth; form

C) structure; function

7) Cardiovascular function is an example of A) histophysiology. B) organ physiology. C) systemic physiology. D) pathological physiology. E) physiological chemistry

C) systemic physiology.

41) The plane that separates the abdominal and the pelvic cavities is A) the mediastinum. B) sagittal on the brachium. C) transverse at the hips. D) midsagittal on the trunk. E) superior to the thorax.

C) transverse at the hips.

67) Which of the following imaging techniques causes particles within atoms to line up in uniform direction allowing the imaging of soft tissue? A) PET scan B) ultrasound C) digital subtraction angiography D) MRI E) CT scan

D) MRI

9) Identify the branch of biological science that studies the external and internal structure of the body and the physical relationship among body parts. A) genetics B) physiology C) embryology D) anatomy E) cytology

D) anatomy

33) An anatomical term that means the same as ventral is A) posterior. B) inferior. C) abdominal. D) anterior. E) superior

D) anterior.

49) The common term for the buccal region is the A) back. B) waist. C) breast. D) cheeks. E) buttocks.

D) cheeks.

54) The abdominopelvic region that is immediately superior to the umbilical region is the A) hypogastric region. B) left hypochondriac region. C) right inguinal region. D) epigastric region. E) left lumbar region.

D) epigastric region.

36) The chin is ________ to the nose. A) anterior B) superior C) posterior D) inferior E) medial

D) inferior

53) A cut parallel to the midsagittal plane would produce a(n) ________ section. A) frontal B) transverse C) oblique D) parasagittal E) coronal

D) parasagittal

4) Anatomical features that change during illness are studied in ________ anatomy. A) gross B) surface C) microscopic D) pathological E) regional

D) pathological

12) The study of the anatomical organization of specific areas of the body is called ________ anatomy. A) gross B) surface C) systemic D) regional E) clinical

D) regional

46) The urinary bladder is found in the ________ quadrant and the ________ quadrant. A) right upper; right lower B) left upper; left lower C) left upper; right upper D) right lower; left lower

D) right lower; left lower

60) The right pleural cavity contains A) the heart. B) the trachea. C) the left lung. D) the right lung. E) both lungs.

D) the right lung.

26) Systemic physiology is A) the study of the effects of diseases on system functions. B) the study of the function of specific organs. C) the study of the functional chemistry of cells. D) the study of all aspects of the functioning of specific organs systems. E) the study of functions of the whole human body.

D) the study of all aspects of the functioning of specific organs systems.

18) The kidneys and ureters are organs of the ________ system. A) endocrine B) digestive C) respiratory D) urinary E) lymphatic

D) urinary

44) While standing in the anatomical position, A) front refers to anterior. B) front refers to ventral. C) back refers to posterior. D) back refers to dorsal. E) All of the answers are correct.

E) All of the answers are correct.

29) Many medical terms are rooted in A) Latin. B) German. C) Greek. D) Phoenician. E) Greek or Latin.

E) Greek or Latin.

17) Which organ system includes the spleen and the tonsils? A) digestive B) endocrine C) nervous D) cardiovascular E) lymphatic

E) lymphatic

14) Which of the following is arranged in correct order from the most complex to the simplest? A) cellular, tissue, molecular, system, organ, organism B) molecular, cellular, tissue, organ, system, organism C) tissue, cellular, molecular, organ, system, organism D) organ, organism, molecular, cellular, tissue, system E) organism, system, organ, tissue, cellular, molecular

E) organism, system, organ, tissue, cellular, molecular

38) Which of the following terms refers to the foot? A) cervical B) brachial C) antebrachial D) femoral E) pedal

E) pedal

30) The quadrants of the abdominopelvic region include all of the following except A) right upper quadrant (RUQ). B) right lower quadrant (RLQ). C) left upper quadrant (LUQ). D) left lower quadrant (LLQ). E) pelvic quadrant

E) pelvic quadrant

57) The thoracic cavity contains the A) coelom. B) pericardial cavity. C) pelvic cavity. D) pleural cavities. E) pericardial and pleural cavities.

E) pericardial and pleural cavities.

39) Which plane divides the body into right and left parts? A) proximal B) frontal C) orthogonal D) transverse E) sagittal

E) sagittal

13) The study of the relationships of the body's structures by examining cross sections of tissues or organs is called ________ anatomy. A) gross B) surface C) systemic D) regional E) sectional

E) sectional

62) The mediastinum A) contains the pleural cavities. B) separates the pleural cavities. C) contains the pericardial cavity. D) contains the pleural cavities and pericardial cavity. E) separates the pleural cavities and includes the pericardial cavity.

E) separates the pleural cavities and includes the pericardial cavity.

51) The common name for the pollex is the A) ear lobe. B) belly. C) big toe. D) hand. E) thumb.

E) thumb.

31) Which of the following is not considered an abdominopelvic region? A) right hypochondriac B) right inguinal region C) left lumbar D) left hypochondriac E) upper

E) upper

68) The imaging technique that assesses metabolic and physiological activity of a structure is called a A) PET scan. B) ultrasound. C) digital subtraction angiography. D) MRI. E) CT scan

A) PET scan.

16) Which organ system transports nutrients, metabolic wastes, gases, and defense cells? A) cardiovascular B) digestive C) muscular D) respiratory E) urinary

A) cardiovascular

2) The analysis of the internal structure of individual cells is called A) cytology. B) histology. C) embryology. D) physiology. E) anatomy.

A) cytology.

11) The study of the changes in form that occur between conception and physical maturity is called ________ anatomy. A) developmental B) clinical C) systemic D) embryological E) physiological

A) developmental

19) The pituitary gland and thyroid gland are organs of the ________ system. A) endocrine B) cardiovascular C) respiratory D) lymphatic E) digestive

A) endocrine

61) Visceral pericardium is located A) on the heart itself. B) lining the pleural cavity. C) lining the pericardial cavity. D) on the lung itself. E) lining the peritoneal cavity.

A) on the heart itself.

42) Terms of anatomical direction are used to describe A) one body part in relation to another. B) surgical procedures. C) a supine position. D) the nervous system. E) living matter.

A) one body part in relation to another.

66) The ________ is the membrane that covers the inner surface of cavity walls. A) parietal serosa B) visceral serosa C) mucous membrane D) cutaneous membrane E) serous membrane

A) parietal serosa

63) Identify the structure located within the mediastinum. A) pericardial cavity B) small intestine C) lung D) spleen E) stomach

A) pericardial cavity

45) The liver is primarily located in the ________ quadrant. A) right upper B) left upper C) right lower D) left lower E) hepatic

A) right upper

6) The study of the function of specific organ systems is called A) systemic physiology. B) organ physiology. C) cell physiology. D) pathological physiology. E) histology

A) systemic physiology.

55) The abdominopelvic region that is immediately superior to the hypogastric region is the A) umbilical region. B) left hypochondriac region. C) right inguinal region. D) epigastric region. E) left lumbar region.

A) umbilical region.

50) The common term for the carpal region is the A) wrist. B) fingers. C) ankle. D) shin. E) chest.

A) wrist.