Chapter 1 & 2 - Lab

Which of the following statements about cells is FALSE? a) Cells join together to form organelles, which then form our organs and organ systems. b) Cells are the most basic units of life. c) Although human cells are diverse in size, shape, and function, they have essentially the same organelles and general structure. d) The cells in our bodies collectively carry out all of the functions necessary for us to stay alive.

a) Cells join together to form organelles, which then form our organs and organ systems. Organelles are the functional parts of cells—they are inside the cells, in the cytoplasm. Cells join to form tissues, and the tissues then join to form the organs that work together in organ systems.

What is the anatomical term that describes the relationship of the umbilicus (naval; belly button) to the hips? a) Medial b) Dorsal c) Proximal d) Inferior

a) Medial

Which of the following is NOT part of the description of the human body in anatomical position? a) Palms facing posteriorly b) Head and eyes facing forward c) Lower limbs together with feet pointing forward d) Standing erect

a) Palms facing posteriorly

Which of the following is a characteristic of the cell membrane? a) semipermeable b) not permeable c) fully permeable d) impermeable

a) semipermeable The cell membrane is semipermeable, or selectively permeable, because some things can easily pass through it while others cannot.

Anaphase is characterized by ________. a) separation of the sister chromatids b) division of the cytoplasm c) breakdown of the nuclear membrane d) duplication of the chromosomes

a) separation of the sister chromatids

In which direction do the palms of the hands face in anatomical position? a) Anterior/ventral b) Medial c) Posterior/dorsal d) Lateral

a)Anterior/ventral

Which two direction terms should be combined to best describe the relationship of the shoulders to the head? a) Anterior and medial (anteromedial) b) Inferior and lateral (inferolateral) c) Ventral and medial (ventromedial) d) Dorsal and lateral (dorsolateral)

b) Inferior and lateral (inferolateral)

The ________ provides structural support, strength, and flexibility to the cell. a) rough endoplasmic reticulum b) cytoskeleton c) plasma membrane d) nucleus

b) cytoskeleton

________ is the division of the genetic material, and ________ is the division of the cytoplasm. a) Cytokinesis; interphase b) Metaphase; telophase c) Anaphase; prophase d) Mitosis; cytokinesis

d) Mitosis; cytokinesis

When considering the levels of organization of the human body, which of the following choices represents a higher level of organizational complexity than organs? a)Chemical b) Tissue c) Cellular d) Organism

d) Organism

Which of the following is not a major function of proteins in the cell membrane? a) forming channels b) anchoring cells to other structures c) acting as receptors d) forming the entire glycocalyx

d) forming the entire glycocalyx The glycocalyx is composed mostly of carbohydrates.

During the cell cycle, cytokinesis is the period when the cell's cytoplasm divides into two parts. True OR False

TRUE

Where in a typical eukaryotic cell would you expect to find genes? a) in the chromatin within the cell's cytoplasm b) in the DNA within the cell's nucleus c) in chromosomes within the cytosol d) in the nucleolus within the nucleus

b) in the DNA within the cell's nucleus The nucleus houses the DNA, which contains the genes. Genes determine what proteins the cell can make, which in turn determines what the cell can do.

The ________ produces ribosomes. a) Golgi apparatus b) nucleolus c) rough endoplasmic reticulum d) nucleus

b) nucleolus

What is the anatomical term that describes the relationship of the index finger to the elbow? a) Deep b) Medial c) Distal d) Proximal

c) Distal

The ________ modifies and packages proteins that are produced in the rough endoplasmic reticulum. a) peroxisome b) smooth endoplasmic reticulum c) Golgi apparatus d) mitochondrion

c) Golgi apparatus

________ is the period of time when the cell is not dividing. a)Metaphase b) Anaphase c) Interphase d) Prophase

c) Interphase

Which of the following best defines anatomical position? a) The position of the relaxed, seated human body b) The position of the human body lying down c) Universally accepted standard position for the body d) Most commonly found position of the human body

c) Universally accepted standard position for the body

The small intestine is located in the _________ cavity. a) thoracic b) pleural c) abdominopelvic d) cranial

c) abdominopelvic

The kidneys are a part of the _________ system. a) lymphatic b) urinary c) digestive d) integumentary

c) digestive The kidneys are the part of the urinary system that produces urine, which passes through a system of tubes and storage organs before being expelled from the body.

In anatomical position, the thumb is located ________ to the little finger. a)anterior b) superior c) lateral d) deep

c) lateral

Which of the following is NOT one of the three major components of a typical eukaryotic cell? a) nucleus b) plasma membrane c) ribosome d) cytoplasm

c) ribosome Ribosomes are organelles and they are located within one of the major components of the cell.

Which of the following acts as the digestive system of the cell, breaking down materials? a) endoplasmic reticulum b) ribosome c) nucleus d) lysosome

d) lysosome Lysosomes use their enzymes to break down material, much as our digestive system breaks down the foods we consume. The root "lyse" means to loosen or separate, which is what the enzymes in lysosomes do to the chemical bonds in the items they digest.

The ________ are bean-shaped, double-membrane-wrapped organelles that produce most of the cell's energy in the form of ATP. a) chromatin b) Golgi apparatus c) rough endoplasmic reticulum d) mitochondria

d) mitochondria

What part of a cell membrane is usually in contact with the interstitial fluid? a) hydrophobic molecules b) cholesterol c) fatty acid tails d) phosphate heads of phospholipids

d) phosphate heads of phospholipids The phosphate heads of the phospholipids are polar, so they are attracted to the polar water molecules.

Which of the following is the main component of the cell membrane? a) cholesterol b) water c) carbohydrates d) phospholipids

d) phospholipids Although phospholipids have a polar head, the long fatty acid tails are non-polar, making the membrane mostly non-polar.

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