Chapter 1 and Chapter 3 Microbiology

Who discovered penicillin?

Fleming

Which of the following statements about fungi is FALSE?

Fungi are photosynthetic

Work by _________ laid the foundations of immunology with the development of vaccines.

Jenner and Pasteur

Which of the following individuals pioneered the use of chemicals to reduce the incidence of infections during surgery?

Lister

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of protozoa?

They are all photosynthetic

The work of Eduard Buchner and the discovery of enzymes laid the foundations for the field of

biochemistry

Bacteria of the genus Mycoplasma lack cell walls. What sort of environment do they require for survival?

isotonic

Using a microscope, you observe an amoeba moving toward a food source. This is an example of

responsiveness

Protein synthesis occurs on/in the

ribosomes

According to Kluvyer and van Niel, which of the following are TRUE of basic biochemical reactions?

Basic biochemical reactions shared by all living things primarily involve transfer of electrons and hydrogen ions.

Which of the following may be a component of bacterial cell walls?

Both lipotheichoic and mycolic acids

Which of the following statements concerning osmosis is FALSE?

During osmosis, water crosses to the side of the membrane with a lower solute concentration

Who formulated the hypothesis that certain chemicals could kill microbes without harming humans was the foundation of chemotherapy?

Ehlrich

The first school of nursing was founded by

Florence Nightingale

Which of the following have a periplasmic space?

Gram-negative bacteria only

Which of the following prokaryotic cells continua an outer membrane?

Gram-negative only

Which of the following may have cell walls containing teichoic acids?

Gram-positive bacteria only

Which of the following scientists provided evidence in favor of the concept of spontaneous generation?

Needham

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of viruses?

They are visible with a light microscope

Which of the following is CORRECT about bacterial ribosomes?

They have two subunits and contain three RNA molecules

An explanation of observations and data supported by the experimental results of many scientists for many years is

a theory

The cells walls of some ____________ are composed of minerals such as calcium carbonate

algae

Which of the following is paired INCORRECTLY?

algae; chitin

Which of the following never have cell walls?

animal cells

What was the first disease shown to be bacterial in origin?

anthrax

The term that literally means "against putrefaction" is

antisepsis

The flagella ______ are not hollow, not enclosed in cytoplasmic membrane, and are powered by ATP

archae

Which of the following organisms is a prokaryote?

archae

Some members of the _______ have fimbrae

archaeologists and bacteria

Some bacteria have a water-soluble outer slime layer composed of

carbohydrates, protein or both

Which of the following is classified as a non membranous organelle of eukaryotic cells?

centriole

The use of chemical agents to harm or kill microbes is

chemotherapy

Short, hair-like structures used only by eukaryotic cells for movement are called

cilia

Which of the following is part of the structure of the mitochondria of a eukaryotic cell?

cristae

Inserting a gene from the hepatitis B virus into yeast so that the yeast produces a viral protein is an example of

genetic engineering

Which of the following areas of investigation is considered a major driver of modern microbiology?

genetics

The accumulation of glucose 6-phosphate inside a bacterial cell via phosphorylation of glucose is an example of

group translocation

an external structure unique to archaea are the....

hamus

The technique developed by Hans Christian Gram is important for bacterial

identification

Bacterial _____ are sites of metabolic storage

inclusions

Pasteur's experiments on fermentation laid the foundation for

industrial microbiology

Lipid A is a component of

lipopolysaccharides

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of all living things?

motility

Which of the following chemical substances contributes to the unique characteristics of acid-fast bacteria?

mycolic acid

Which of the following is NOT a function of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton?

packages cellular secretions

The cell walls of eukaryotes are usually composed of

polysaccharides

Microorganisms characterized by the absence of a nucleus are called

prokaryotes

The microbes commonly known as ________ are single-celled eukaryotes that are generally motile.

protozoa

Which of the following is an INCORRECT pairing?

protozoa: multicellular

Semmelweis advocated handwashing as a method of preventing which of the following diseases?

puerperal fever

The term________ refers to the study of blood components that fight infection

serology

The experiments conducted by John T. Needham using infusions were interpreted as supporting the theory of

spontaneous generation

Paul Ehrlich used chemotherapy to treat

syphillis

Robert Kock was involved in research on all of the following topics EXCEPT

the cause of fermentation

Chloroplasts differ from mitochondria in that the former have

thylakoids

The glycolayx of a eukaryotic cell performs all of the following functions EXCEPT

transfer of genetic material cells

Which of the following is NOT a component of bacterial flagella?

tubulin

Antoni van Leeuwenhoek was the first person in history to

view microorganisms and record these observations

The first true vaccine protected against disease caused by an _________ pathogen.

viral

Bacterial cell walls that are resistant to drying contain

waxes

Which of the following is NOT a function of the bacterial cytoskeleton?

Localizing ribosomes in the cytoplasm

All of the following individuals were involved in improving public health in the 19th century EXCEPT

Spallanzani

Which of the following statements about the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is CORRECT?

The ER is a transfer system within the cytoplasm

Which of the following contributed to the successful application of Koch's postulates?

The development of techniques for sterile transfer of bacteria

Which of the following was NOT an aspect of Pasteurs experiments to disprove spontaneous generation?

The flasks he used were sealed with corks

Cholesterols are typically found in ________ cytoplasmic membranes

eukaryotic

Louis Pasteur demonstrated that fermentation to produce alcohol is caused by

facultative anaerobes

The principle of disinfection to reduce HAIs among patients was intitially introduced by

I. Semmelweis and J. Lister

What is the correct order for the application of Koch's postulates? I. Inoculate suspect agent into test subject and observe that subject develops disease interest. II. Isolate and culture suspect agent in the labratory. III. Find suspect agent is every case of disease of interest but not in healthy hosts. IV. Recover and isolate suspect agent from test subject.

III, II, I, IV

Which of the following statements concerning conjugation pili is FALSE?

Pili are longer than fimbrae and flagella

Which of the following statements concerning the characteristics of life is FALSE?

Reproductions is defined as an increase in the size of an organism

The work of ________ demonstrated the role of microbes in the cycling of sulfur in the environments

Sergei Winogradski

Which of the following was a crucial difference between the work of John T. Needham and Louis Pasteur on the question of spotaneous generation?

Whether or not the flasks were sealed

Some ________ may have pilli

bacteria

Some __________ use group translocation as a means of transport.

bacteria

The term for the use of microorganisms to restore damaged environments is

bioremediation

ATP is expended in which of the following processes?

both active and group translocation

Which of the following eukaryotic processes involve pseudopodia?

both amoeboid action and endocytosis

The microogranisms Antoni van Leeuwenhoek called "animalcules" we would recognize as

both bacteria and protozoa

The cytoplasmic membranes of _______ contain unbranched phospholipids and proteins

both bacterial and eukaryotic cells

Which of the following processes require a carrier protein?

both facilitated diffusion and active transport

John Snow's research during a cholera outbreak in London laid the foundation for which of the following branches of microbiology?

both infection control and epideimology

Which of the following bacterial cell structures play an important role in the creation of biofilms?

both timbre and glycocalyx

The work of Lister, Nightingale, and Semmelweis all contributed to controlling infectious disease by

developing methods for reducing healthcare-associated (HAIs).

Parasitic worms, even meters-long tapeworms, are studied in microbiology because

diagnosis usually involves microscopic examination of patient samples

Lipid-soluble molecules would be expected to cross the cytoplasmic membrane by which of the following processes?

diffusion

Endospores survive a variety of harsh conditions in part because of the presence of

dipicolinic acid

Endocytosis and exocytosis are means of transport used by

eukaryotes

Membrane rafts are found in the cytoplasmic membranes of

eukaryotes only