Chapter 1 chem

If a solution has a temperature of 355 K, what is its temperature in degrees celsius? A) 165°C B) 628°C C) 179°C D) 79°C E) 82°C

E) 82°C

Determine the mass of an object that has a volume of 88.6 mL and a density of 9.77 g/mL. A) 298 g B) 1100 g C) 907 g D) 568 g E) 866 g

E) 866 g

Which of the following statements is true? A) A scientific law is fact. B) Once a theory is constructed, it is considered fact. C) A hypothesis is speculation that is difficult to test. D) An observation explains why nature does something. E) A scientific law summarizes a series of related observations.

E) A scientific law summarizes a series of related observations.

Which of the following is an example of physical change? A) Sugar is dissolved in water. B) Coffee is brewed. C) Dry ice sublimes. D) Ice (solid water) melts. E) All of these are examples of physical change.

E) All of these are examples of physical change.

Convert 10 cm3 to m3. A) 1 × 10-5 m3 B) 1 × 10-1 m3 C) 1 × 103 m3 D) 1 × 107 m3

A) 1 × 10-5 m3

Choose the pure substance from the list below. A) sea water B) sugar C) air D) lemonade E) milk

B) sugar

Round off 00907506 to four significant figures. A) 0091 B) 9076 C) 9100 D) 9.075 × 105

D) 9.075 × 105

How many significant figures are in the measurement, 463.090 m? A) 2 B) 3 C) 4 D) 5 E) 6

E) 6

How many significant figures are in 1009.630 mL? A) 3 B) 4 C) 5 D) 6 E) 7

E) 7

The correct answer (reported to the proper number of significant figures) to the following is ________.

11.5 × 8.78 = ________

Which of the following numbers has the greatest number of significant figures? A) 0.8010 B) 0.504 C) 742000 D) 9.05 × 1024

A) 0.8010

38.325 lbs = ________ grams. (1 lb = 454 g)

Answer: 17400

If 1.4% of the mass of a human body is calcium, how many kilograms of calcium are there in a 185-pound man? A) 1.2 kg Ca B) 5.7 kg Ca C) 1.2 × 102 kg Ca D) 5.7 × 102 kg

A) 1.2 kg Ca

How many kL does a 1.25 × 108 cL sample contain? A) 1.25 × 103 kL B) 1.25 × 1013 kL C) 1.25 × 104 kL D) 1.25 × 1012 kL E) 1.25 × 102 kL

A) 1.25 × 103 kL

What is the volume (in cm3) of a 43.6 g piece of metal with a density of 2.71 g/cm3? A) 16.1 B) 19.5 C) .425 D) 6.65 E) none of the above

A) 16.1

How many liters of air are in a room that measures 10.0 ft × 11.0 ft and has a(n) 8.00 ft ceiling? 1 in. = 2.54 cm (exactly); 1 L = 103 cm3. A) 2.49 × 104 B) 92.8 C) 26.8 D) 2.68 × 107 E) 8.84 × 105

A) 2.49 × 104

Because of the high heat and low humidity in the summer in Death Valley, California, a visitor requires about one quart of water for every two miles traveled on foot. Calculate the approximate number of liters required for a person to walk 10. kilometers in Death Valley. A) 2.9 L B) 12 L C) 30 L D) 47 L

A) 2.9 L

How many significant figures are in the measurement, 0.0005890 g? A) 4 B) 5 C) 6 D) 7 E) 8

A) 4

Which of the following volumes is equal to 40 mL? A) 40 cm3 B) 40 dm3 C) 0.40 L D) 0.00040 kL

A) 40 cm3

Which of the following is the smallest volume? A) 44 cm3 B) 1.0 dL C) 5.5 × 103 mL D) 1.0 × 108 nL

A) 44 cm3

Which of the following statements about crystalline and amorphous solids is true? A) A crystalline solid is composed of atoms or molecules arranged with long-range repeating order. B) An example of a crystalline solid is glass. C) An example of an amorphous solid is table salt (NaCl). D) An amorphous solid is composed of atoms or molecules arranged with long-range repeating order. E) An amorphous solid has the well-ordered geometric arrangements of atoms.

A) A crystalline solid is composed of atoms or molecules arranged with long-range repeating order.

Which of the following is an example of physical change? A) Dew forms on a blade of grass. B) A Halloween light stick glows after shaking. C) An egg solidifies during cooking. D) A hydrogen balloon explodes when contacted with a flame. E) An iron pipe rusts in the yard.

A) Dew forms on a blade of grass.

A student performs an experiment to determine the density of a sugar solution. She obtains the following results: 4.71 g/mL, 4.73 g/mL, 4.67 g/mL, 4.69 g/mL. If the actual value for the density of the sugar solution is 4.40 g/mL, which statement below best describes her results? A) Her results are precise, but not accurate. B) Her results are accurate, but not precise. C) Her results are both precise and accurate D) Her results are neither precise nor accurate. E) It isn't possible to determine with the information given.

A) Her results are precise, but not accurate.

Choose the homogeneous mixture from the list below. A) Kool-Aid B) mud C) ice water D) salad dressing E) salsa

A) Kool-Aid

The statement, "In a chemical reaction, matter is neither created nor destroyed" is called A) The Law of Conservation of Mass. B) Dalton's Atomic Theory. C) The Scientific Method. D) The Law of Multiple Proportions. E) The Law of Definite Proportions.

A) The Law of Conservation of Mass.

NaN is an example of A) a compound. B) an element. C) a heterogeneous mixture. D) a homogeneous mixture.

A) a compound.

Which glassware is best to measure 10.5 mL of a liquid? A) a graduated buret (with marking every 0.1 mL) B) a graduated cylinder (with marking every 1 mL) C) a fixed volume pipet (with only one marking) D) a graduated beaker (with marking every 10 mL )

A) a graduated buret (with marking every 0.1 mL)

Which of the following are examples of intensive properties? A) density B) volume C) mass D) None of the above are examples of intensive properties. E) All of the above are examples of intensive properties.

A) density

A chemical change A) occurs when methane gas is burned. B) occurs when paper is shredded. C) occurs when water is vaporized. D) occurs when salt is dissolved in water. E) occurs when Kool-Aid is stirred into water.

A) occurs when methane gas is burned.

A flash drive contains 4 gigabytes. How many bytes does it contain?

Answer: 4,000,000,000 bytes, 4 × 109 bytes, or 4,292,967,296 byte if someone is computer literate

The correct answer (reported to the proper number of significant figures) to the following is ________. (1815 - 1806) × (9.11 × 7.92) = ________

Answer: 600

What is the difference between a physical property and a chemical property? Give an example of each.

Answer: A physical property is one that a substance displays without changing its composition, whereas a chemical property is one that a substance displays only by changing its composition via a chemical change. Physical properties include color, appearance, melting point, boiling point, and density. Chemical properties include corrosiveness, flammability, acidity, and toxicity.

Describe the difference between an intensive and extensive property using examples.

Answer: An intensive property does not depend on the amount of the substance present, such as temperature or density. An extensive property is one that does depend on the amount of the substance, such as mass or volume.

Define the law of the conservation of energy.

Answer: Energy is neither created nor destroyed.

Define precision.

Answer: How close a series of measurements are to one another.

Define matter.

Answer: Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass.

A sample of liquid isopropyl alcohol is placed in a sealed container. Some of the volatile isopropyl alcohol vaporizes. Does the mass of the sealed container and its contents change during the vaporization? Explain.

Answer: No. The vaporized isopropyl alcohol is just in a different physical state. It still has mass and therefore the gas plus the remaining liquid and container have the same total mass after the vaporization of some of the isopropyl alcohol.

What happens to the density of a sample of iron metal as it is heated from room temperature to 100°C? (This is below the melting point of iron.)

Answer: Since the mass of the iron stays constant, but the volume increases as the temperature is raised, the density of the iron decreases upon heating.

Which of the following is the greatest mass? A) 1000 μg B) 1.000 × 10-4 kg C) 1.000 × 10-4 cg D) 1.000 × 10-8 mg

B) 1.000 × 10-4 kg

The mass of a single zinc atom is 1.086 × 10-22 g. This is the same mass as A) 1.086 × 10-16 mg. B) 1.086 × 10-25 kg. C) 1.086 × 10-28 μg. D) 1.086 × 10-31 ng.

B) 1.086 × 10-25 kg.

The average distance between nitrogen and oxygen atoms is 115 pm in a compound called nitric oxide. What is this distance in millimeters? A) 1.15 × 10-8 mm B) 1.15 × 10-7 mm C) 1.15 × 1013 mm D) 1.15 × 1017 mm

B) 1.15 × 10-7 mm

What answer should be reported, with the correct number of significant figures, for the following calculation? (433.621 - 333.9) × 11.900 A) 1.19 × 103 B) 1.187 × 103 C) 1.1868 × 103 D) 1.18680 × 103 E) 1.186799 × 103

B) 1.187 × 103

A fishing boat accidentally spills 3.0 barrels of diesel oil into the ocean. Each barrel contains 42 gallons. If the oil film on the ocean is 2.5 × 102 nm thick, how many square meters will the oil slick cover? A) 1.9 × 10-3 m2 B) 1.9 × 106 m2 C) 1.9 × 107 m2 D) none of these

B) 1.9 × 106 m2

A person weighs 77.1 kg. What is their weight in pounds? A) 154 pounds B) 170 pounds C) 35.0 pounds D) 162 pounds

B) 170 pounds

If the temperature is 25°C, what is the temperature in K? A) 45 K B) 298 K C) 77 K D) -3.89 K

B) 298 K

The width, length, and height of a large, custom-made shipping crate are 1.22 m, 3.22 m, and 0.83 m, respectively. The volume of the box using the correct number of significant figures is ________ m3. A) 3.26057 B) 3.3 C) 3.26 D) 3.261 E) 3.2606

B) 3.3

How many cm3 are contained in 3.77 × 104 mm3? A) 3.77 × 104 cm3 B) 3.77 × 101 cm3 C) 3.77 × 10-10 cm3 D) 3.77 × 1020 cm3 E) 3.77 × 106 cm3

B) 3.77 × 101 cm3

How many significant figures are in 3.408 × 104 m? A) 3 B) 4 C) 5 D) 7 E) 8

B) 4

Convert 4 μm to meters. A) 4 × 10-9 m B) 4 × 10-6 m C) 4 × 10-3 m D) 4 × 106 m

B) 4 × 10-6 m

What answer should be reported, with the correct number of significant figures, for the following calculation? (249.362 + 41) / 63.498 A) 4.6 B) 4.57 C) 4.573 D) 4.5728 E) 4.57277

B) 4.57

Which of the following is the lowest temperature? A) 42°C B) 57°F C) 318 K D) All of these temperatures are all equal.

B) 57°F

Convert 15.0 km to miles. A) 24.1 miles B) 9.32 miles C) 591 miles D) 33.1 miles

B) 9.32 miles

Which of the following represents a physical property? A) Sodium metal is extremely reactive with chlorine gas. B) Mercury is a silver liquid at room temperature. C) the tendency of aluminum to "rust" D) the flammability of butane fuel E) the unreactive nature of argon gas

B) Mercury is a silver liquid at room temperature.

Choose the homogeneous mixture from the list below. A) cola B) air C) concrete D) trail mix E) blood

B) air

A substance that can't be chemically broken down into simpler substances is considered to be A) a homogeneous mixture. B) an element. C) a heterogeneous mixture. D) a compound. E) water.

B) an element.

Gold is an example of A) a compound. B) an element. C) a heterogeneous mixture. D) a homogeneous mixture.

B) an element.

Identify a liquid. A) definite volume and definite shape B) definite volume and no definite shape C) definite shape and no definite volume D) no definite shape and no definite volume

B) definite volume and no definite shape

All of the following are SI units of measurement, except A) meter. B) gram. C) second. D) kelvin. E) mole.

B) gram.

Dalton's Atomic Theory states A) that all elements have several isotopes. B) that matter is composed of small indestructible particles. C) that the properties of matter are determined by the properties of atoms. D) that energy is neither created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction. E) that an atom is predominantly empty space.

B) that matter is composed of small indestructible particles.

How many significant figures are there in the answer for the following problem? 56.4 + 0.8822 + 21 = ? A) one B) two C) three D) four

B) two

The diameter of an atom is approximately 1 × 10-10 m. What is the diameter in millimeters? A) 1 × 10-16 mm B) 1 × 10-13 mm C) 1 × 10-7 mm D) 1 × 10-4 mm

C) 1 × 10-7 mm

A piece of metal ore weighs 8.25 g. When a student places it into a graduated cylinder containing water, the liquid level rises from 21.25 mL to 26.47 mL. What is the density of the ore? A) 0.312 g/mL B) 0.633 g/mL C) 1.58 g/mL D) 3.21 g/mL

C) 1.58 g/mL

The mass of a proton is 1.67 × 10-27 kg. What is the mass of a proton in picograms? A) 1.67 × 10-18 pg B) 1.67 × 10-15 pg C) 1.67 × 10-12 pg D) 1.67 × 10-9 pg

C) 1.67 × 10-12 pg

Determine the density of an object that has a mass of 149.8 g and displaces 12 .1 mL of water when placed in a graduated cylinder. A) 8.08 g/mL B) 1.38 g/mL C) 12.4 g/mL D) 18.1 g/mL E) 11.4 g/mL

C) 12.4 g/mL

A mass of mercury occupies 0.950 L. What volume would an equal mass of ethanol occupy? The density of mercury is 13.546 g/mL and the density of ethanol is 0.789 g/mL. A) 0.0553 L B) 0.0613 L C) 16.3 L D) 18.1 L

C) 16.3 L

The estimated costs for remodeling the interior of an apartment are: three 1-gallon cans of paint at $13.22 each, two paint brushes at $9.53 each, and $135 for a helper. The total estimated cost with the appropriate significant figures is $________. A) 193.72 B) 1.9 × 102 C) 194 D) 2 × 102 E) 193.7

C) 194

If the melting point of vanadium metal is 1910°C, what is its melting point in Kelvin? A) 1029 K B) 1637 K C) 2183 K D) 3470 K

C) 2183 K

If the walls in a room are 955 square feet in area, and a gallon of paint covers 15 square yards, how many gallons of paint are needed for the room? (3 ft = 1 yd) A) 47 gallons B) 21 gallons C) 7.1 gallons D) 24 gallons E) 2.3 gallons

C) 7.1 gallons

If the temperature is 25°C, what is the temperature in °F? A) 45°F B) 298.15°F C) 77°F D) -3.89°F

C) 77°F

If an object has a density of 8.65 g/cm3, what is its density in units of kg/m3? A) 8.65 × 10-3 kg/m3 B) 8.65 × 10-7 kg/m3 C) 8.65 × 103 kg/m3 D) 8.65 × 101 kg/m3 E) 8.65 × 10-1 kg/m3

C) 8.65 × 103 kg/m3

How many liters of wine can be held in a wine barrel whose capacity is 26.0 gal? 1 gal = 4 qt = 3.7854 L. A) 1.46 × 10-4 B) 0.146 C) 98.4 D) 6.87 × 103 E) 6.87

C) 98.4

Which of the following statements about the phases of matter is true? A) In both solids and liquids, the atoms or molecules are loosely packed. B) Solids are highly compressible. C) Gases are highly compressible. D) Atoms in solids, liquids and gases can move freely E) Liquids have a fixed volume.

C) Gases are highly compressible.

Which of the following represents a chemical property of hydrogen gas? A) It is gaseous at room temperature. B) It is less dense than air. C) It reacts explosively with oxygen. D) It is colorless. E) It is tasteless.

C) It reacts explosively with oxygen.

Which of the following statements about energy is false? A) Energy can be converted from one type to another. B) The total energy of a system remains constant. C) Thermal energy is the energy associated with its position or composition. D) Kinetic energy is the capacity to do work. E) Systems tend to change in order to lower their potential energy.

C) Thermal energy is the energy associated with its position or composition.

A substance composed of 2 or more elements in a fixed, definite proportion is considered A) a homogeneous mixture. B) a heterogeneous mixture. C) a compound. D) a solution. E) an alloy.

C) a compound.

Crude oil is an example of A) a compound. B) an element. C) a heterogeneous mixture. D) a homogeneous mixture.

C) a heterogeneous mixture.

Choose the pure substance from the list below. A) tea B) a casserole C) carbon monoxide D) sugar water E) pomegranate juice

C) carbon monoxide

The factor 1,000,000 corresponds to which prefix? A) deka B) deci C) mega D) milli

C) mega

The factor 10-3 corresponds to which prefix? A) deka B) deci C) milli D) centi

C) milli

Which of the following is an example of a chemical change? A) coffee brewing B) water boiling C) nails rusting D) salt dissolving in water E) freezing of water

C) nails rusting

Identify the crystalline solid. A) plastic B) glass C) table salt D) water E) bleach

C) table salt

How many of the following numbers contain 3 significant figures? 0.408 9.040 0.0400 9.05 × 1024 A) one B) two C) three D) four

C) three

How many significant figures are there in the answer to the following problem? (9.992 × 3.200) + 0.610 = ? A) one B) two C) three D) four

C) three

Give the composition of water. A) two hydrogen atoms and two oxygen atoms B) one hydrogen atom and one oxygen atom C) two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom D) one hydrogen atom and two oxygen atoms

C) two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom

If the temperature is 178°F, what is the temperature in degrees Celsius? A) 352°C B) 451°C C) 67°C D) 81.1°C E) 378°C

D) 81.1°C

Molecules can be described as A) a mixture of two or more pure substances. B) a mixture of two or more elements that has a specific ratio between components. C) two or more atoms chemically joined together. D) a heterogeneous mixture. E) a homogeneous mixture.

C) two or more atoms chemically joined together.

Gas is sold for $1.399 per liter in Toronto, Canada. Your car needs 12.00 gallons. How much will your credit card be charged in dollars? A) $16.79 B) $67.15 C) $4.44 D) $63.54

D) $63.54

What wavelength of light would you report in units of nm, if the light had a wavelength of 7.60 × 10-10 m? A) 7.60 × 10-3 nm B) 7.60 × 10-19 nm C) 1.32 nm D) 0.760 nm E) 760 nm

D) 0.760 nm

What decimal power does the abbreviation pico represent? A) 1 × 106 B) 1 × 109 C) 1 × 10-1 D) 1 × 10-12 E) 1 × 10-15

D) 1 × 10-12

What decimal power does the abbreviation f represent? A) 1 × 106 B) 1 × 103 C) 1 × 10-1 D) 1 × 10-15 E) 1 × 10-12

D) 1 × 10-15

Round the following number to four significant figures and express the result in standard exponential notation: 229.613 A) 0.2296 × 103 B) 229.6 C) 2.296 × 10-2 D) 2.296 × 102 E) 22.96 × 10-1

D) 2.296 × 102

If a room requires 25.4 square yards of carpeting, what is the area of the floor in units of ft2? (3 ft = 1 yd) A) 76.2 ft2 B) 8.47 ft2 C) 282 ft2 D) 229 ft2 E) 68.6 ft2

D) 229 ft2

Determine the volume of an object that has a mass of 455.6 g and a density of 19.3 g/cm3. A) 87.9 mL B) 42.4 mL C) 18.5 mL D) 23.6 mL E) 31.2 mL

D) 23.6 mL

The outside air temperature is 30°F, what is the temperature in Kelvin? A) 303 K B) 307 K C) 274 K D) 272 K

D) 272 K

How many significant figures are in the measurement 5.34 g? A) 1 B) 2 C) 4 D) 3 E) 5

D) 3

A student weighed 30.00 μg of sulfur in the lab. This is the same mass as A) 3.000 × 10-8 g. B) 3.000 × 10-5 kg. C) 3.000 × 10-5 mg. D) 3.000 × 104 ng.

D) 3.000 × 104 ng.

Convert 35 m3 to liters. A) 3.5 × 10-2 L B) 3.5 L C) 3.5 × 102 L D) 3.5 × 104 L

D) 3.5 × 104 L

The recommended adult dose of Elixophyllin , a drug used to treat asthma, is 6.00 mg/kg of body mass. Calculate the dose in milligrams for a 115-lb person. 1 lb = 453.59 g. A) 24 B) 1,521 C) 1.5 D) 313 E) 3.1 × 105

D) 313

Which of the following is an example of chemical change? A) Copper building materials develop a green patina over time. B) Water vapor condenses on the window. C) Ethanol evaporates. D) A mixture of hydrogen and oxygen gas explodes on ignition. E) A helium balloon goes up in the air.

D) A mixture of hydrogen and oxygen gas explodes on ignition.

A student performs an experiment to determine the density of a sugar solution. She obtains the following results: 4.11 g/mL, 4.81 g/mL, 4.95 g/mL, 3.75 g/mL. If the actual value for the density of the sugar solution is 4.75 g/mL, which statement below best describes her results? A) Her results are precise, but not accurate. B) Her results are accurate, but not precise. C) Her results are both precise and accurate D) Her results are neither precise nor accurate. E) It isn't possible to determine with the information given.

D) Her results are neither precise nor accurate.

Which of the following represents a hypothesis? A) Sodium reacts with water to form sodium hydroxide and hydrogen gas. B) Nitrogen gas is a fairly inert substance. C) Nickel has a silvery sheen. D) When a substance combusts, it combines with air. E) When wood burns, heat is given off.

D) When a substance combusts, it combines with air.

Gasoline is an example of A) a compound. B) an element. C) a heterogeneous mixture. D) a homogeneous mixture.

D) a homogeneous mixture.

Two or more substances in variable proportions, where the composition is constant throughout are considered A) a compound. B) an element. C) a heterogeneous mixture. D) a homogeneous mixture. E) a crystalline solid.

D) a homogeneous mixture.

Choose the heterogeneous mixture from the list below. A) Gatorade B) chlorine gas C) black coffee D) chicken noodle soup E) carbon (graphite)

D) chicken noodle soup

What symbol is used to represent the factor 10-1? A) M B) m C) μ D) d

D) d

An acetylene molecule contains 2 atoms of carbon. The number 2 represents how many significant figures? A) one B) two C) three D) infinite

D) infinite

The Scientific Method A) is just a theory. B) is a strict set of rules and procedures that lead to inarguable fact. C) isn't used much in modern chemistry. D) is based on continued observation and experiment. E) is a framework for proving an argument you know to be true.

D) is based on continued observation and experiment.

Choose the heterogeneous mixture from the list below. A) sports drink B) chlorine gas C) beer D) lasagna E) carbon (graphite)

D) lasagna

A physical change A) occurs when iron rusts. B) occurs when sugar is heated into caramel. C) occurs when glucose is converted into energy within your cells. D) occurs when water is evaporated. E) occurs when propane is burned for heat.

D) occurs when water is evaporated.

What answer should be reported, with the correct number of significant figures, for the following calculation? (965.43 × 3.911) + 9413.4136 A) 13189 B) 13189.2 C) 1.32 × 104 D) 1.3 × 104 E) 1.319 × 104

E) 1.319 × 104

How many mg does a 433 kg sample contain? A) 4.33 × 10-4 mg B) 4.33 × 107 mg C) 4.33 × 10-3 mg D) 4.33 × 106 mg E) 4.33 × 108 mg

E) 4.33 × 108 mg

The density of air under ordinary conditions at 25°C is 1.19 g/L. How many kilograms of air are in a room that measures 11.0 ft × 11.0 ft and has a(n) 10.0 ft ceiling? 1 in. = 2.54 cm (exactly); 1 L = 103 cm3. A) 3.66 B) 0.152 C) 4.08 × 104 D) 0.0962 E) 40.8

E) 40.8

Two or more substances in variable proportions, where the composition is variable throughout are considered A) a solution. B) a homogeneous mixture. C) a compound. D) an amorphous solid. E) a heterogeneous mixture.

E) a heterogeneous mixture.