Chapter 1: Evolution Of A Science

Which statement is NOT a reason why psychoanalysis gradually lost influence within psychology? A) It failed to advance from a theory to a clinical practice. B) Its themes of unconscious sexual motivations were too risqué for scientific discussion. C) Freud's theories were difficult to test. D) There was a rise of humanistic psychologists who opposed Freud's pessimistic view of humanity.

A) It failed to advance from a theory to a clinical practice.

The fact that very young children almost universally master the basics of language without formal training is most consistent with: A) Plato's nativism. B) Gall's phrenology. C) Aristotle's philosophical empiricism. D) Locke's tabula rasa.

A) Plato's nativism.

The branch of psychology that emphasizes the positive potential of human beings is called: A) humanistic. B) Gestalt. C) cognitive. D) idealistic.

A) humanistic.

Jamie suffered a stroke and damaged her Broca's area. Jamie will have problems: A) reading out loud. B) understanding the plot of her favorite television show. C) remembering the names of her family members. D) recognizing facial emotions.

A) reading out loud.

What is the difference between a clinical psychologist and a psychiatrist? A) A clinical psychologist can only work in schools. B) A psychiatrist is a medical doctor, whereas a clinical psychologist is a PhD. C) Only a clinical psychologist can prescribe medication. D) A psychiatrist goes to graduate school for years longer than a clinical psychologist.

B) A psychiatrist is a medical doctor, whereas a clinical psychologist is a PhD.

In his best-selling book, Beyond Freedom and Dignity, _____ argued that behavior is determined by its consequences and that free will is an illusion A) Abraham Maslow B) B. F. Skinner C) Ivan Pavlov D) Carl Rogers

B) B. F. Skinner

Which linguist published a devastating critique of Skinner's theory of language development? A) George Miller B) Noam Chomsky C) Donald Broadbent D) Ulric Neisser

B) Noam Chomsky

Wundt argued that James's approach to psychology was flawed because James: A) relied too much on introspection as a research method. B) did not conduct much laboratory research. C) unnecessarily constrained his research to observable behavior. D) advocated a theory inconsistent with the tenets of natural selection.

B) did not conduct much laboratory research.

William James is to _____ as Wilhelm Wundt is to _____ A) functionalism; behaviorism B) functionalism; structuralism C) structuralism; behaviorism D) structuralism; functionalism

B) functionalism; structuralism

Jeff thinks it would be beneficial for his employees to attend a seminar on how to become more productive at work. Which type of psychologist would conduct this seminar? A) clinical psychologist B) industrial/organizational psychologist C) school psychologist D) cognitive psychologist

B) industrial/organizational psychologist

Watson criticized the introspective methods of the structuralists and functionalists primarily because: A) the use of these methods necessitated a belief in the existence of mental events. B) introspection cannot produce replicable and objective measures required by science. C) the stimulus-response introspective model was overly simplistic. D) reaction time was an unreliable dependent measure.

B) introspection cannot produce replicable and objective measures required by science.

Psychology is the scientific study of: A) mind and body. B) mind and behavior. C) mood and behavior. D) mood and body.

B) mind and behavior.

The behaviorism of John Watson has been described as _____ psychology A) animal B) stimulus-response C) subjective D) humanistic

B) stimulus-response

Who was the first non-White president of the American Psychological Association? A) Mary Whiton Calkins B) Francis Cecil Sumner C) Kenneth Clark D) Mary Floy Washburn

C) Kenneth Clark

Cultural psychology blossomed in the 1980s when psychologists began to communicate with: A) psychologists from different cultures. B) economists. C) anthropologists. D) political scientists.

C) anthropologists.

George Miller discovered that we can briefly hold in memory only about _____ (give or take two) pieces of information at any given time A) three B) five C) seven D) nine

C) seven

In which year did the first non-White person become president of the American Psychological Association? A) 1995 B) 1905 C) 2005 D) 1970

D) 1970

Kerrie wants to understand how perceptions, beliefs, and memories activate different regions in the brain. Which field of psychology would you suggest Kerrie explore? A) cognitive psychology B) structuralism C) evolutionary psychology D) cognitive neuroscience

D) cognitive neuroscience

In his best-selling book, Beyond Freedom and Dignity, B. F. Skinner argued that behavior is: A) an outcome of the innate capacity of persons to choose freely. B) partly the result of a limited free will that has evolved as a result of natural selection. C) completely determined by genetic factors and free will is an illusion. D) determined largely by its consequences and free will is an illusion.

D) determined largely by its consequences and free will is an illusion.

If you believe that the results of a study on conformity conducted on college students in the United States may differ considerably had the study taken place among older adults in Asia, you are thinking like a cultural: A) absolutist. B) behaviorist. C) functionalist. D) relativist.

D) relativist.