Chapter 1: Intro to Nursing

Lillian Wald

established neighborhood nursing service for site in poverty-stricken area of New York; founder of public health nursing

Nursing

from the Latin word nutrix which means to nourish; nursing is both an art and a science

Which organization is the best source of information when a nurse wishes to determine whether an action is within the scope of nursing practice? A. American Nurses Association (ANA) B. National League of Nursing (NLN) C. American Association of Colleges in Nursing (AACN) D. International Council of Nurses (ICN)

A. American Nurses Association (ANA) Rationale: the ANA established the Scope and Standards of Practice which defines activities specific and unique to nursing

Nursing in the US is regulated by the state nurse practice act. What is a common element of each nurse practice act? A. defining the legal scope of nursing practice B. providing continuing education programs C. determining the content covered in the NCLEX exam D. creating institutional policies for heath care practices

A. defining the legal scope of nursing practice

Which of the following is a characteristic of nursing practiced from early civilization to the 16th century? A. most early civilizations believed illness had supernatural causes B. physician was the priest who treated disease with prayer C. nursing changed from a spiritual focus to an emphasis on knowledge expansion D. the nurses was a nun who committed to caring for the needy and homeless

A. most early civilizations believed that illness had supernatural causes Rationale: they believed that illness was caused by sin and God's displeasure

Nurses today work in a wide variety of health care settings. What trend occurred during WWII that had a tremendous effect on this development in the nursing profession? A. there was a shortage of nurses and an increased emphasis on education B. emphasis on the war slowed development of knowledge in medicine and technology C. the role of the nurse focused on acute technical skills used in hospital settings D. nursing was dependent on the medical profession to define its priorities

A. there was a shortage of nurses and an increased emphasis on education

Dorothea Dix

was not a nurse and her interest was mental health; established the Nurse Corps of the US Army

19th-21st century

-Hospital schools organized to provide more easily controlled and less expensive staff for the hospital. -Female nurses were under the control of male hospital administrators and physicians.

4 Nursing Aims

1. Promote health 2. Prevent illness 3. Restore health 4. Facilitate coping with disability or death

A nurse working in a rehabilitation facility focuses on the goal of restoring health for patients. Which examples of nursing interventions reflect this goal? (select all that apply) A. counsels adolescents in a drug rehab program B. performs range of motion exercises for a patient on bed-rest C. shows a diabetic patient how to inject insulin D. recommends a yoga class for a busy executive E. provides hospice care for a patient with end stage cancer F. teaches a nutrition class at a local high school

A, B, C,

The need for university-based nursing education programs was brought to light during which important historical time? A. WWII B. WWI C. Korean War D. Spanish-American War

A. WWII

In what time period did nursing care as we know it begin? A. early civilization to 16th century B. 18th-19th century C. 16th-17th century D. pre-civilization

B. 18th-19th century Rationale: social reforms changed the roles of nurses and women in general, based on the belief of Florence Nightingale

Which national nursing organization serves as a primary source of research data about nursing education, and is the professional organization for nurse educators? A. American Nurses Association(ANA) B. Nation League for Nursing (NLN) C. Sigma Theta Tau International D. American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN)

B. National League for Nursing (NLN)

Which of the following best exemplifies the role of a nurse educator? A. researching the best way to provide care B. discussing the side effects of a medication with a client C. referring a client to outpatient services D. allowing a client to verbalize fears of death

B. discussing the side effects of a medication with a client

Which nursing action best exemplifies the nurse's role in promoting health? A. performing deep suctioning on a client who has a tracheotomy and copious secretions B. Encouraging a group of junior high students to engage in regular physical activity C. administering beta blocker and diuretic to a client who has a history of hypertension D. facilitating a support group for friends and family of clients affected by a stroke

B. encouraging a group of junior high students to engage in regular physical activity

The standards of practice provide nurses with: A. legislation for health care reform B. guidelines for providing care C. evaluation of care provided by nurses D. measurement of criteria for payment

B. guidelines for providing care

According to the national advisory council on nurse education and practice, what is a current health care trend contributing to 21st century challenges to nursing practice? A. decreased numbers of hospitalized patients B. older and more acutely ill patients C. decreasing healthcare costs owing to managed care D. slowed advances in medical knowledge and technology

B. older and more acutely ill patients Rationale: the NAC on nurse education and practice identifies the following challenges for nurses in the 21st century: growing population of hospitalized patients who are older and more acutely ill, increasing healthcare costs, and the need to stay current with rapid advances in medical knowledge and technology

A nurse wishes to advance their career and work as a clinical nurse specialist. Which of the following should the nurse keep in mind? A. the nurse oversees the care coordination of a group of clients B. the nurse may teach advanced education for nurses C. the nurse practices only with a private practitioner D. requires at least a doctoral degree

B. the nurse may teach advanced education for nurses Rationale: a nurse leader oversees the care of a group, they can also practice in hospitals and in the community, and it requires a Master's degree in nursing

Which of the following practices by the nurse indicates that the nurse is a professional? A. using intuition to make client decisions B. using EBP interventions C. doing things the way they have always been done D. submitting an article to a local newspaper

B. using EBP interventions

Although all of the following are nursing responsibilities, which one would be expected of a nurse with a baccalaureate degree? A. administering medications B. using research findings to improve practice C. collaborating with other healthcare providers D. providing direct physical care

B. using research findings to improve practice

A nurse practicing in a primary care center uses the ANA's Nursing Social Policy Statement as a guideline for practice. Which purposes of nursing are outlined in this document? (select all that apply) A. a description of the nurse as a dependent caregiver B. the provision of standards for nursing educational programs C. a definition of the scope of nursing practice D. establishment of a knowledge base for nursing practice E. description of nursing's social responsibility F. regulation of nursing research

C, D, and E Rationale: the ANA social policy statement describes the social context of nursing, a definition of nursing, the knowledge base for nursing practice, the scope of nursing practice, standards of professional nursing practice, and the regulation of professional nursing

A BSN nurse is discussing the benefits of a BSN to high school students. Which of the following is the best statement made by the nurse? A. "most non traditional students obtain a BSN B. "BSN programs attract the most males" C. "many nurse management jobs require a BSN" D. "BSN nurses only work in the hospital"

C. "many nurse management jobs require a BSN"

What was one barrier to the development of the nursing profession in the United States after the Civil War? A. indépendance of nursing orders B. hospital-based nursing schools C. lack of educational standards D. lack of influence from nursing leaders

C. lack of educational standards

Which organization has established standards that help the nurse determine which clinical actions fall under the scope of nursing practice? A. national league for nursing B. international council or nurses C. state board of nursing D. American nurses association

D. American nurses association

Nurses today complete a nursing education program, and practice nursing that identifies the personal needs of the patient and the role of the nurse in meeting those needs. Which nursing pioneers is MOST instrumental in this birth of modern nursing? A. Clara Barton B. Lillian Wald C. Lavinia Dock D. Florence Nightingale

D. Florence Nightingale

A class of nursing students is studying the history of nursing. The class learns that the founder of public health was? A. Clara Barton B. Linda Richards C. Dorothea Dix D. Lillian Wald

D. Lillian Wald

A nurse is practicing as a nurse-midwife in a busy OB-GYN office. Which degree in nursing is necessary to practice at this level? a. LPN b. ADN c. BSN d. MSN

D. MSN

The client's plan of care is created by the nurse using which guideline for nursing practice? A. Nurse practice act B. nursing social policy statement C. ANA standards of nursing practice D. Nursing process

D. nursing process

The role of nurses in today's society was influenced by the nurse's role in early civilization. Which statement best portrays this earlier role? A. Women who committed crimes were recruited into nursing the sick in lieu of serving jail sentences B. nurses identified the personal needs of the patient and their role in meeting those needs C. women called deaconesses made the first visits to the sick, and male religious orders cared for the sick and buried the dead D. the nurse was the mother who cared for her family during sickness by using herbal remedies

D. the nurse was the mother who cared for her family during sickness using herbal remedies

Healthy nurse

able to balance physical, intellectual, emotional, social, spiritual, personal, and professional wellbeing

Ancient Greek civilizations

believed that illness was caused by sin and God's displeasure; nurses cared for the sick in the home and in the community and practiced as nurse-midwives

Some roles of nurses

caregivers, advocates, communicator, counselor, leader, and collaborator

Standards of nursing practice

define activities that are specific and unique to nursing, we use these to guide us in carrying out our nursing roles

Nurse Practice Acts

define the legal scope of nursing practice, create a board of nursing to make and enforce rules, and establish criteria for the education and lisencure of nurses

What are some factors that affect a person's health?

genetic inheritance, cognitive abilities, education level, race, age and gender, developmental level, lifestyle, and socioeconomic status

Promoting health

identifying, analyzing, and maximizing each patient's individual strengths as components of preventing illness, resorting health, and facilitating coping with disability and death.

World War II

more women worked outside of the home and became more independent; explosion in medicine and technology broadened the role of nurses

Clara Barton

practiced nursing on Civil War battlefields and founded the American Red Cross (1882)

19th-20th century

social reforms changed the roles of nursing and women in general; nursing as we know it began based on many of the beliefs of Florence Nightingale

Florence Nightingale

well known for her work in the Crimean War; she elevated the status of all nurses and established the first training school for nurses writing books about healthcare and nursing education.

A nurse instructor outlines the criteria for establishing nursing as a profession. What teaching point correctly describes this criteria? (select all that apply) A. nursing is composed of a well-defined body of general knowledge B. nursing interventions are dependent upon medical practice C. nursing is a recognized authority by a professional group D. nursing is regulated by the medical industry E. nursing has a code of ethics F. nursing is influenced by ongoing research

C, E, F Rationale: nursing is recognized increasingly as a profession based on the following defining criteria: well-defined body of specific and unique knowledge, strong service orientation, recognized authority by a professional group, code of ethics, professional organization that sets standards, ongoing research, and autonomy and self-regulation

A nurse has recently completed the administration of seasonal influenza vaccinations for the residents of a long-term care facility. Which of the following aims of nursing has the most clearly demonstrated? A. restoring health B. promoting health C. preventing illness D. facilitating coping

C. Preventing illness

A nurse is caring for a young victim of a terrorist attack. During the rehabilitative process, the nurse assists the client in bathing and dressing. What role is the nurse engaged in? A. educator B. counselor C. caregiver D. advocate

C. caregiver Rationale: nurses assume responsibility for helping clients promote and maintain health and wellness

A 61 y/o man is distraught because he has just learned that his most recent CT scan shows that his colon cancer has metastasized to his lungs. Which nursing aim should the nurse prioritize in the immediate care of this patient? A. promoting health B. preventing illness C. facilitating coping D. restoring health

C. facilitating coping

A registered nurse wishes to wrk as a nurse researcher. Which is true regarding nurse researchers? A. the are liaisons between staff and directors of nursing B. tend to work in community health centers and long term care units C. responsible for continued development and advancement of nursing D. they usually have a baccalaureate degree

C. responsible for continued development and advancement of nursing

Why are nursing organizations important for the continued development and improvement of nursing as a whole? A. provide info to nurses about legal requirements B. regulate work activities for members C. provide socialization and networking D. to set standards for nursing education and practice

D. to set standards for nursing education and practice

American Nurses Association (ANA)

nurses focus on human experiences and responses to birth, health, illness, and death within the context of individuals, families, groups, and communities

Early Christian period

nurses had formal and more clearly defined roles; deaconesses made visits to the sick; this is when nursing developed purpose, direction, leadership

International Council of Nurses (NCN)

promotion of health, prevention of illness, and collaborative care