Chapter 1: Introductory to the Human Body

Pelvic Cavity

This is where most of the reproductive organs are. ex. ovaries

Catabolism

To throw downward; process by which the body breaks apart large molecules to release energy

Anabolism

To throw upward; process by which the body builds larger molecules

Ultrasound Imagining (sonography)

Uses sound waves to create an image of the inside of the body

PET scan

Uses tracer to look for diseases in the body and shows how organs and tissues are working

Abdominopelvic Cavity

Contains the Abdominal Cavity and the Pelvic Cavity

Dorsal Cavity

Contains the Cranial Cavity and the Vertebral Cavity Parts within include: Spinal Cord, Brain

Pleural Cavity

Contains the Lungs

Transverse Plane

Divides the TOP half of the body from the BOTTOM half

Frontal/ Coronal

Divides the body FRONT to BACK

Sagittal

Divides the body LEFT to RIGHT

Cells

Molecules such as proteins, fats, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids combine in an organized manner to form these

Metabolic Disease

Occurs when abnormal chemical reactions in your body disrupt the process. Example heart disease

Diaphragm

Separated the Thoracic Cavity from the Abdominopelvic cavity

Midsagittal

Separates body left to right

Parasagittal

Separates he body left to right but not necessarily evenly

Urinary System

System comprised of kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra

Endocrine System

System comprised of pituitary gland, thyroid, adrenal, pancreas, ect.

Skeletal

System containing bones

Nervous System

System containing brain, spinal cord, and nerves

Digestive

System containing esophagus, live, and large intestines

Cardiovascular System

System containing heart, arteries, and veins

Respiratory

System containing larynx, trachea, and lungs

Muscular

System containing muscles that are attached to bones

Reproductive

System containing ovaries, uterus, and vagina

Lymphatic

System containing spleen, lymph vessels, and tonsils

Reproductive

System containing testes, urethra, and penis in the male

Endocrine System

System influencing homeostasis by releasing hormones

Nervous System

System influencing homeostasis by stimulating muscles to contract and glands to secrete

Muscular System

System primarily responsible for movement of the body

Urinary System

System primarily responsible to maintain homeostasis by controlling water and salt balance in the blood stream

Lymphatic

System responsibility for removal of dead cells and foreign bodies from body fluids

Digestive System

System responsible for breaking food into small particles

Reproductive System

System responsible for production of new individuals

Skeletal

System responsible for support and for protection of softer body parts

Cardiovascular System

System responsible for transport of materials to and from body cells

Cardiovascular

System respponsible for transportation of materials to and from the cells of the body

integumentary

System which includes skin

Integumentary

System which prevents loss of body fluid

Ventral Cavity

The front side of the body

inferior/caudal

The nose is ... to the eyes

Pericardial Cavity

The small space between two membranes that surround the heart

lateral

the ears are ... to the nose

superficial

the eyes are on the ... surface

deep/internal

the lung is ... to the rib

superior/cranial

the nose is ... to the mouth

dorsal

the spinal cord is ... to the "windpipe"

Gross Anatomy

the study of body structures plainly seen without magnification

Physiology

the study of how the body manages to remain stable

proximal

the thigh is ... to the ankle

distal

the thumb is ... to the wrist

dorsal

towards the back

ventral/anterior

towards the front

superior/cranial

towards the head end of the body

proximal

towards the structure's origin

superficial/external

towards the surface of the body

Organ

comprised of two or more different types of tissues

Metabolism

condition of change; process by which the body obtains and uses energy

positive feedback

contraction of the uterus during birth is an example

MRI scan

creates pictures of organs and structures inside of the body.

Disease

disorder of the structure or function in humans, animals, or plants and produces signs or symptoms

Stimuli

environmental changes

Regional Anatomy

examines all structures within a given region of the of the body

Diagnosis

identification of illness or other problem by examination

Abdominal Cavity

include the intestines

Infection

invasions of host organisms body tissue by dies causing agents

Inflammation

physical condition where part of the body becomes reddened or swollen

reproduction

process by which a single cell divides into two or more

homeostasis

process by which the environment of the body is kept relatively stable

Lesion

region in organ or tissue that has suffered damage through injury or disease

negative feedback

reverses a response to a normal state

Tissues

similar cells combined to accomplish a common function such as movement

Cells

small units in the body which are responsible for the structures and the functions of life

Mediastinum

space above the Pericardial Cavity Includes the sternum

What does a pathologist do?

studies body fluids and tissues to help a doctor make a diagnosis

Micro-anatomy

study of microscopic location and appearance of the body parts

Histology

study of tissues

medial

the "breastbone" is .. to the shoulder

Acute vs Chronic

Acute= sudden and severe Chronic= long and developing

distal

away from a structure's point of attachment to the trunk

inferior/caudal

away from the head end of the body

lateral

away from the midline

deep/internal

away from the surface of the body

superficial

A freckle on the skin is ... to the muscle below

Neoplastic Disease

cell divides excessively leading to abnormal tissue growth

Anatomy

"cutting up"

Physiology

"the study of nature"

Thoracic Cavity

Above diaphragm and includes the lungs and heart..ect.

Macromolecule

Another word for a large molecule

Excitability

Capability of a cell to respond to changes in the environment; irritability

Congenital vs immunological diseases

Congenital= heritable Immunological= contracted

Cranial Cavity

Includes Skull and brain

Vertebral Cavity

Includes Spinal Cord

CAT scan

X-ray image made using computerized axial tomography- only slows slice of the body

Anatomy

a field of study describing the appearance of body parts

Systemic Anatomy

an approach that studies anatomy of a given system of the body, such as digestive

Physiology Anatomy

an area of study explaining how the body works

Anatomy

an area of study that describes the location of the body parts

Growth

an increase in size

Organ Systems

an organization of two or more organs and their associated structures