Chapter 1 Pearson Questions

The wrist is ________ to the elbow.

distal

While standing erect, the direction of caudal is

downward

Because the anatomy and physiology of the body's structures are interrelated, it is often said that "form determines ________."

function

The chin is ________ to the nose.

inferior

What is the structure marked with an X in the MRI scan? (Module 1.4B)

left kidney

Name and define the unit used to measure cell size. (Module 1.11A)

micrometer; equal to one-millionth of a meter

Describe a person in the anatomical position. (Module 1.20A)

A person in anatomical position is standing erect, facing the observer, arms at the sides with the palms facing forward, and the feet together.

In what country was cadaver-based anatomy established as a discipline studied by medical professionals? (Module 1.19C)

Italy

A person facing forward with hands at the sides and palms facing forward is in the ________ position.

anatomical

An anatomical term that means the same as "ventral" is

anterior; for ventral remember vientre, stomach side

Describe the basic processes in humans and other animals. (Module 1.7C)

respiration, digestion, circulation, and excretion

The urinary bladder is found in the ________ quadrant and the ________ quadrant.

right lower; left lower

Which plane divides the body into right and left parts?

sagittal

Which organ system provides support, protection of soft tissue, mineral storage, and blood formation?

skeletal

A midsagittal section would pass through the

spleen

Which of the following is not considered an abdominopelvic region? - right hypochondriac - left lumbar - upper right - right inguinal region - left hypochondriac

upper right

Elimination of excess water, salts, and waste products are functions of the ________ system.

urinary

Which type of cells are spherical and contain energy molecules?

white blood cells

What type of section would separate (1) the two eyes? (2) the nose and two ears? (3) the neck and naval? (Module 1.21B)

(1) sagittal (or mid-sagittal, if along midline); (2) frontal; (3) transverse, or horizontal

What is the purpose of anatomical terms? (Module 1.20D)

Anatomical terms are used because they provide a standardized frame of reference for describing the human body.

Contrast the descriptions used by clinicians and anatomists when referring to the positions of injuries or internal organs of the abdomen and pelvis. (Module 1.20C)

Clinicians base their descriptions on four abdominopelvic quadrants, whereas anatomists use nine abdominopelvic regions.

What are the differences between gross anatomy and microscopic anatomy? (Module 1.8A)

Gross anatomy involves the study of body structures that can be seen with the unaided eye; microscopic anatomy is the study of body structures that cannot be seen without magnification.

Compare the functioning of the elbow joint with a door on a hinge. (Module 1.9A)

The elbow moves in a single plane like the opening and closing of a door on a hinge.

Predict what would happen to the function of a structure if its anatomy were altered. (Module 1.9B)

The structure's function would likely be impaired or perhaps eliminated

List the common characteristics shared by all living things. (Module 1.7A)

cells, organization, responsiveness, regulation, growth, development, reproduction, and metabolism

The common term for the buccal region is the

cheek

Name the simplest level of organization that includes the smallest living units in the body. (Module 1.10A)

chemical level

Which of the following tissues fills internal spaces and provides structural support?

connective tissue

All of the following are examples of positive feedback, EXCEPT: - release of chemicals from the blood vessels after injury. - relaxation of smooth muscles' blood vessels when body temperature goes up. - decrease bleeding after injury. - increase heart rate after blood loss. - blood clot formation.

decrease bleeding after injury

Gas exchange is to the respiratory system as absorption of nutrients is to the ________ system(s).

digestive

Directing long-term changes in the activities of other organ systems is the major function of the ________ system.

endocrine

Which of the following tissues covers and protects exposed surface areas of the body?

epithelial

All of the following participate in thermoregulation, except: - brain. - skin. - gastrointestinal system. - blood vessels. - sweat glands.

gastrointestinal system.

All of the following are organs of the endocrine system, except: - pancreas. - thymus. - pituitary. - muscle. - thyroid.

muscle

Which of the following cell types is long, slender and makes contractions?

muscle cells

When homeostatic mechanisms fail, an individual will experience the symptoms of

negative feedback

Terms of anatomical direction are used to describe

one body part in relation to another.

If a surgeon makes an incision just inferior to the diaphragm, which body cavity will be opened? (Module 1.22C)

pelvic portion of the abdominopelvic cavity

The quadrants of the abdominopelvic region include all of the following except the: - left lower quadrant (LLQ). - right upper quadrant (RUQ). - left upper quadrant (LUQ). - right lower quadrant (RLQ). - pelvic quadrant.

pelvic quadrant

A massage therapist often begins a massage by asking clients to lie face down with their arms at their sides. Which anatomical term describes that position? (Module 1.20B)

prone

A person lying face down is in the ________ position.

prone

A person is lying on the bed gazing at the ceiling. She is in the ________ position.

supine

The integrating center for the negative feedback loop that regulates body temperature is the

temperature receptor.

The muscle known as the diaphragm separates the ________ from the ________.

thoracic cavity; abdominopelvic cavity

The common term for the carpal region is the

wrist