Chapter 1 Review Psych 001

Which perspective would study intrusive thoughts that are thoughts that become stuck in one's mind?

Cognitive

Which methodology would a psychologist use to determine if the length of time individuals have been in a committed relationship is associated with an increase or decrease in the quality of the relationship?

Correlation

psychologists note that only the fittest organisms reach maturity and reproduce, thereby transmitting their genes to future generations and causing species to evolve in adaptive directions

Evolutionary

Which school of psychology posits that learning is active and purposeful, and not just responsive and mechanical?

Gesalt

psychologists saw our perceptions as wholes that give meaning to parts.

Gestalt

The first female president of the American Psychological Association was

Mary Whiton Calkins.

Ideal experiments use experimental groups and _____ groups.

control

The process of thoughtfully and rigorously analyzing the questions, statements, and arguments of others is called

critical thinking

The human resources director at a company wants to determine which benefits its employees value the most. Which procedure should they use to gather an unbiased sample?

Surveying a random sample of all employees

The school of psychology that focuses on three basic elements—sensations, feelings, and images—that combine to form experience is known as

structuralism.

In the _____ method, a large sample of people answer questions about their attitudes or behavior.

survey

You design a test of intelligence. On the theory that intelligence is related to academic performance, you use _____ to test the relationship between performance on your new test and grades in school.

the correlational method

Samples must accurately represent the target

populaion

The school of psychology that places unconscious impulses and desires at the center of human behavior is

psychoanalysis.

In a _____, each member of a population has an equal chance of being selected to participate.

random sample

A source of bias that may occur in research findings when participants are allowed to choose for themselves a certain treatment in a scientific study is called a

selection factor

Which of the following is an example of an evidence-based source of information?

A scientific paper published in a peer-reviewed journal that reports the experimental results obtained

The Greek Philosopher _____ believed that humans differed from other animals in their ability to engage in rational thought.

Aristotle

Kenneth and Mamie Phipps _____ conducted research that influenced a Supreme Court decision on segregated schools.

Clark

_____ psychologists evaluate problems such as anxiety and depression through interviews and psychological tests.

Clinical

Which methodology would a psychologist use to determine whether the type of music (classical, country, or hip-hop) someone listened to while exercising caused a change in the intensity of the workout?

Experiment

Which psychologist would most likely work with a law firm on issues concerning jury selection?

Forensic psychologist

What is typically the first step in the research process?

Formulating a research question

What distinguished Wilhelm Wundt's contribution from other contributions to psychology?

He established psychology as a laboratory science.

Which psychologist would most likely work with an individual on a behavioral program to quit smoking

Health psychologist

A psychologist is interested in studying whether high school students who eat dinner with their families most weeknights are more introverted than high school students who eat dinner with their social group of friends most weeknights. What perspective most likely influenced this psychologist?

Sociocultural

Dr. Liu was interested in testing the effects of violent television on 6-year-old children. She showed one group a particularly violent episode of Power Rangers and another group watched a short nonviolent episode of an old Sesame Street. She then observed the groups in the playground and measured their behaviors. What is the dependent variable in this study?

The behavior on the playground

When is it acceptable for a psychologist to use deception in their research?

When the benefits of the research outweigh the potential harms

founded the school of structuralism

Wilhelm Wundt

Psychology is defined as the study of _____ and mental processes.

behavior

Psychology is defined as the scientific study of

behavior and mental processes.

Psychologists adhere to _____ standards that help promote the dignity of the individual, maintain scientific integrity, and protect research participants and clinical clients from harm.

ehtical

A ___ is a specific statement about behavior or mental processes that is tested through research.

hypothesis

School psychologists are employed by school districts to

identify and assist students who have problems that interfere with their learning.

A disadvantage of survey research is _____. For example, people tend to overrate behaviors like church attendance and proper hygiene.

inaccurate self-report

The ethical standard that corresponds to providing individuals with information about the nature of the study before they agree to participate is called

informed consent

A psychologist would use _____ to study the social behavior of wild African hunting dogs in the field.

naturalistic observation