Chapter 1 - Test Review
Some politicians take pride in maintaining a particular point of view. They think that a change of mind would be seen as a sign of weakness. How is a change of mind viewed differently in science?
Science deals with facts that are confirmed by experiments. A "change of mind" in science, therefore, is usually the result of new experimental evidence obtained from experiments.
What is the first step of the scientific method?
The first step in the scientific method is to observe a natural phenomenon.
Identify the scientific statement
The moon is made of green cheese is a scientific statement.
What is the nature of science?
The nature. of science is to condense knowledge into testable laws. Science is an on-going activity of humans. Science describes order in nature.
What is the relationship between technology and risk?
The relationship between technology and risk is that any technology has some risks.
When the benefits of a technological innovation are seen to outweigh the risks then what?
The technology is accepted and applied.
What is the relationship of science and technology?
Science and technology are fundamentally different from each other.
"The Earth's core will always be beyond the reach of scientific investigation," is considered what in science?
"The Earth's core will always be beyond the reach of scientific investigation," is considered speculation because we might one day be able to go to the Earth's core.
What is global climate change in science?
Global climate change is a potential consequence of science.
If someone is able to explain an idea to you using small familiar words, what does this about how well that person understands the ideas?
A person who completely understands an idea is capable of explaining it using language that is familiar to both of you.
Distinguish between a scientific hypothesis and a theory.
A scientific hypothesis is a testable assumption, while a theory is a well-verified idea used to explain a broad range of phenomena.
What is a theory?
A theory is a comprehensive ideas that has been extensively tested.
A wide-encompassing body of information about the physical world, well-tested and verified is a known as a
A wide-encompassing body of tested information is know as a scientific theory.
How might the demand for reproducibility in science have the long-term effect of compelling honesty?
All of the Above. Any false claims are eventually uncovered. Scientists, therefore, stand to gain most from reporting their results truthfully. A scientist who has knowingly falsifies any bit of evidence runs the risk of losing credibility for all his or her life's work. Science is about discovering the rules of nature. A scientist who creates his or her own rules through dishonesty, which may not be reproducible in other laboratories, is not truly doing science.
Why is it wrong to assume that you are only "doing science" while you are doing experiments?
All of the Above. It is wrong because doing experiments is not the only accepted activity for the official practice of science. It is wrong because doing experiments is not the only accepted method of producing a scientific theory.
What is the nature of science?
All of the Above. The nature of science is to describe order in nature, science is an ongoing activity of humans, and science condenses knowledge into testable laws.
Art, science, and religion
All of the Above. They all work in different domains, help us make sense of the world, complement each other.
After the devastating tsunami of December 2004, dozens of Scientologists mobilized to impacted regions of the South Asia to join in the relief effort. Instead of traditional medical aid, however, these pseudo scientists provided pamphlets along with "touch assist" treatment in which they touch wounded areas with a fingertip. What might the victims have thought about the efforts of the Scientologists?
All. of the Above. The victims might perceive their efforts as admirable if the Scientologists were also assisting in the distribution of food and clothing. The relief efforts of the Scientologists might have been perceived as questionable if they consisted only of passing out. pamphlets and practicing "their touch" healing. If the victims' wounds healed within a few days, it's possible that the victims may have attributed the healing to the touch assist.
An education guess in science is what?
An educated guess is a hypothesis.
What does an effective scientific hypothesis provide?
An effective scientific hypothesis helps us in gaining and applying new knowledge.
Think of a statement about science that is not true.
An experiment can be used to prove that a hypothesis is correct is not a true statement because hypothesis are meant to prove an experiment wrong.
Why is reproducibility such a vital component of science?
An experiment can only be considered valid if other scientists can reproduce the results.
During which of the scientific activities does the scientist come up a hypothesis?
An hypothesis can come at any time, no matter what the scientist may be doing?
What is the most pressing issue facing the world?
An increasing rapid global population is the most pressing issue facing the world.
A well-balanced education requires an understanding of what?
Art, science and religion is required for a well-balanced education.
How is technology used?
As Technology is used, technology needs to be used responsibly by people and societies as a whole.
Why do scientists run control experiments and repeat their tests several times?
Control experiments are conducted to minimize the number of conclusions and limit potential flaws in the experiment.
In answer to the question, "When a plant grows, where does the materials come from? the Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle hypothesized by logic that all material came from the soil. What experiment might best prove Aristotle's hypothesis to be correct or incorrect?
For an experiment you could grow the tree in a pot and measure the mass of the soil before and after the tree grows to a certain height.
What is the most important to the process of scientific inquiry?
Devising tests is the most important process of scientific inquiry.
Eratosthenes found the Sun's position on June 22 by
Eratosthenes consulted library information.
Which of the scientific activities is likely to be most time consuming?
Experimentation is the most time consuming of the various scientific activities.
Facts in science
Facts in science may change.
What happens when a scientist knowing reports also information?
If a scientist reports false information, then they don't get a second chance in the scientific community.
Intelligence, passion and talent help one do well what areas of life?
Intelligence, passion and talent all help one Powell in art, science, and literature.
What is true for any high risk technology?
It may be only a high risk to some.
How long does it take for Earth to revolve around the Sun?
It takes one year for Earth to revolve around the Sun.
The great philosopher and mathematician Bertrand Russell (1872 - 1970) wrote, "I will not maintain that knowledge can never do harm. I think such general propositions can almost always be refuted by well-chosen examples. What I will maintain and maintain vigorously is that knowledge is very much more often useful than harmful and that fear of knowledge is very much more often harmful than useful." Provide an example.
Knowledge of electricity, knowledge of nuclear power, knowledge of the atom, knowledge of dynamist are examples of science that can be harmful even though they also do good.
Distinguish between science and technology?
The difference between science and technology is that new technologies arise from scientific discoveries.
Why is the process of science not restricted to any only particular method?
Science is not restricted to any particular method because a scientist needs to be open to all possibilities and different ways of doing science in order to gain as much knowledge as possible from his or her research.
A scientific hypothesis is an
Scientific hypothesis is a testable assumption based on an observation.
What is the best way to really prove to yourself that you understand an idea?
The best way to prove that you understand an idea is to arrticulate the idea to others and confirm their understanding when you finish.
What is not true about technology?
We lack the technology to solve most of the Earth's environmental problems.
Can a person claim himself/herself to be a scientist if he/she no longer does experiments?
Yes. A professional scientist is recognized for more than just the performance of experiments.
How can you measure how far between the Moon and Earth?
You can measure how far between the Moon. and. Earth by holding up a coin.
Without a special filter, the Sun can be safely viewed by looking by looking at what?
You can safely view the Sun through pinhole images. Never look at the Sun directly without protective eye gear. Even sunglasses cannot protect your eyes from the damage the Sun's rays can do to them.
While visiting a foreign country a foreign-speaking citizen tries to give you verbal directions to a local museum. After multiple attempts he is unsuccessful because...
You don't understand because you don't speak the language.
For a hypothesis to be scientific, you need a test for proving it
You need to prove it wrong.
When employing a new technology, zero risk
Zero risk is impossible.