Chapter 1: The Building Blocks of Relationships

Which of the following are true about intimate partners compared to individuals in casual relationships?

- Intimate partners are ordinarily committed to their relationships - intimate partners feel more affection for one another than they do for most others - intimate partners trust one another, expecting to be treated fairly and honorably

How do traditional gender roles do women a disservice?

- by making them earn less on a job than their nontraditional co-workers - by depriving them of skills that would facilitate more accomplishments and achievements

Men

- expected to be assertive, self-reliant, decisive, and competitive - attracted to partners who are sexually available and easy

Women

- expected to be warm, sensitive, emotionally expressive, and kind - attracted to partners who are sexy, charismatic, and dominant

When people have low self-esteem:

-They underestimate their partners' love for them -They are less optimistic that their loves will last -They perceive disregard where none exists -They respond less constructively to conflicts

Big five personality traits in order:

1) openness to experience 2) extraversion 3) conscientiousness 4) agreeableness 5) neuroticism

T/F: Whether people's fears about intimacy are overstated or merely realistic, they are unlikely to experience frustrating costs in their relationships on occasion

False

Identify the attachment styles proposed by Kim Bartholomew that correspond that correspond to the avoidant style proposed by developmental researchers.

Fearful style of attachment and dismissing style of attachment

___________ is an impact of socioeconomic development in the form of industrialization on intimate relationships

Increasing acceptance of a later age of marriage

identify a difference between intimate partners and individuals in casual relationships

Intimate partners share more personal information with each other than individuals in casual relationships do

avoidance of intimacy

affects the ease and trust with which we accept interdependent intimacy with others

people who possess both sets of the competencies that are stereotypically associated with being male and with being female are said to be ____________.

androgynous

neuroticisim

anxious and angry

fearful people

are uncomfortable with intimacy and worry that the intimacy will not last

Unlike prior generations, people have now begun to expect more personal gratification from their intimate relationships due to their ______ tendencies and character.

individualistic

commitment

intimate partners expect their relationship to continue, and they work to realize that goal

caring

intimate partners feel more affection for one another than they do for most others

Knowledge

intimate partners have extensive personal, often confidential, information about each other

Interdependence

intimate partners have strong, diverse, and enduring influence on each other

In the context of parental investment, women choose sexual partners more carefully than men because they ______.

invest more time and energy than men in each child they produce

identify an accurate statement about the need for intimacy

it suggests that intimacy with others is essential for a good, long life

according to Stake and Eisele, people who are low in instrumentality tend to have ______.

low self-esteem

according to baxter, a feature of people when they are close to others is that they ________.

may dread the loss of autonomy and personal control that comes with interpendency

paternity uncertainty

men, but not women, may face doubts about whether or not a particular child is theirs

According to Robles et al., a person's _______ is affected by the quality of that person's connection to others.

mental health

According to theorists Roy Baumeister and Mark Leary, a human need to belong is presumed to _______.

necessitate regular social contact with those to whom one feels connected

dissatisfying relationships tend to make a person _______ and ________.

neurotic; anxious

For early humans, who lived in small tribal groups, the tendency to form stable, affectionate connections to others made it more likely that _______.

one's children would survive and thrive

extraversion

outgoing and sociable

fearful style of attachment

people avoid intimacy with others because of their fears of rejection

preoccupied style of attachment

people nervously depend on others to feel good about themselves

Secure style of attachment

people provide responsive care and protection readily

dismissing style of attachment

people reject interdependency with others because they feel self-sufficient

low in avoidance

people who are comfortable and relaxed in close relationships

high in avoidance

people who distrust others and keep their emotional distance

identify an accurate statement about psychiatric problems

psychiatric problems tend to afflict people with inadequate ties to others

Sex

refer to biological distinctions between men and women

Gender

refer to social and psychological distinctions created by our cultures and upbringing

according to a leading, theory, self-esteem is a ____________, a subjective gauge that measures the quality of a person's relationships with others.

sociometer

Anxiety about abandonment

the worry that others will find us unworthy and leave us

low sex ratio

there are fewer men than women

high sex ratio

there are more men than women

identify an accurate statement about the experiment conducted by Ickes and barnes.

traditional couples laughed less than the other couples

T/F: in an intimate relationship, trust emerges from the dynamic give-and-take that partners share

true

identify an accurate statement about trust in intimate relationships

trust is a fluid process rather than a static thing

Preoccupied people

want closeness but anxiously fear rejection

According to evolutionary psychology, motives such as the need to belong have presumably come to characterize human beings because they _________.

were adaptive, conferring some sort of reproductive advantage to those who possessed them

Phubbing,

which occurs when one partner snubs another by focusing on a phone, is obnoxious

according to the critics of an evolutionary perspective of human nature, women's greater interest in a mate's money might be reduced if _______.

women routinely filled similar gender roles like men

sexual orientation

The processes of close relationships are very similar in heterosexual and homosexual couples

openness to experience

imaginative and unconventional

gender roles

The patterns of behavior that are culturally expected of "normal" men and women

According to Ickes, traditional gender roles could ______.

cause incompatibility in relationships

According to Ickes, traditional gender roles could _______.

cause incompatibility in relationships

avoidant attachment

children did not easily form trusting, close relationships suspicious and withdrawn

Secure attachment

children readily developed relationships characterized by relaxed trust trusting and relaxed

anxious-ambivalent attachment

children were needy in their relationships with others nervous and clingy

agreeableness

cooperative and trusting

amanda wants to move in with her boyfriend, ronald. however, ronald is reluctant to do so because his family would disapprove this move. In this scenario, ______ have influenced the relationship

cultural norms

dismissing people

do not worry about rejection but do not like closeness

conscientiousness

dutiful and dependable

technoference:

frequent interruptions of their interactions that are caused by their technological devices

Secure people

gladly seek intimate interdependency with others

People who ____ hold favorable judgements of their skills and traits and are generally healthier and happier than others

have high self-esteem

people who _______ hold favorable judgements of their skills and traits and are generally healthier and happier than others

have high self-esteem