Chapter 1
ISDL
Integrated Services Digital Network
IMP
Interface Message Processors
ISP
Internet Service Provider
email program
Program to create, send, receive, and manage email.
Scripting Language
Programming language used to write short programs, called scripts, that execute in real time that the server or in the web browser when a webpage downloads.
Mobile web browser's often are ____to the device on which they reside.
Proprietary
What was the purpose of TCP?
Provided flow control over the network and error checking for those packets.
What is VPN?
Provides a secure, encrypted connection between a remote user and a local area network.
PSTN
Public Switched Telephone Network
Who created the first email program in 1971?
Ray Tomlinson, a scientist at BBN
One way Satellite internet access
uses the satellite for downloading data and uses a slow regular phone line and modem for uploading data.
Two way Satellite internet access
Uses the faster satellite connection for both uploading and downloading data
Spam
irrelevant or inappropriate messages sent on the Internet to a large number of recipients.
HTML Tags
Pre-define codes that defined the format an organization of webpage elements.
In what decade does the Internet traces its origins?
1960s
What four schools make up the ARPANET?
University of California-Santa Barbara Standford Research Institute UCLA University of Utah
Publish
Uploading a well the page or website to a web server.
The success of NSFNet caused what to happen to ARPANET?
ARPANET was shutdown. Military created MILNET which is also known as NIPRNET. NSFNet was opened to the entire academic community.
Circuit switching versus packet switching - cost
Circuit switching-minimal /cost is per call; packet switching-cost is per packet
What is the difference between Wi-Fi and cellular?
In order to use Wi-Fi one must use a router.
What was Licklider's vision outlined in his memos?
A Galactic Network of interconnected computers, wherein users could share data and resources from around the world.
Markup language
A coding system that uses tags to provide instructions about the appearance, structure, and formatting of a document.
Website
A collection of related webpages.
Host
A computer directly connected to the Internet
Server
A computer on a network used to store files.
Web server
A computer that stores webpages.
Dedicated line
A constant connection between two communications devices that uses the local phone network
XHTML Definition
A family of XML mark up languages that mirrors or extends versions of HTML. Well pages created using this look better than HTML code it will pages when viewed on a smart phones or other handheld computers, or by users of assistive technologies.
What is wifi?
A family of wireless networking standards that uses radio waves to allow a computer to communicate with other computers on a local area network or the Internet.
Internet
A global network of computers and mobile devices that allows individuals and businesses around the world to share information and other resources and conduct business transactions.
Fractional T-1 line
A less expensive, slower connection option for home owners and small businesses. Instead of a single owner, multiple users share this.
What is Internet2?
A major cooperative initiative among academia, industry, and government agencies to increase Internet capabilities and solve some of the challenges.
Cable modem
A particular type of modem use for high-speed cable connections
What is Bluetooth?
A popular, short range wireless connection that uses radio frequency to transmit data between two electronic devices, such as a smart phone and an earpiece.
What is HTTP and who created it?
A protocol that defines how HTML documents transmit to a browser Tim Berners -Lee
What is ISDL?
A set of standards for digital transmission of data over standard copper phone lines
Web browser
A software program in which you can access and view webpages
Hotspot
A specific geographical location in which a wireless access point provides public Internet access
Telnet
A standard or protocol that allows users to log in and to access a remote computer, usually one with a significantly higher processing power. While the public typically does not use this, it still has many valuable uses. Computer system administrators, for example, can use this to log into the remote computer to troubleshoot problems.
What is a dial-up line?
A temporary connection that uses analog phone lines.
What is ADSL?
A type of DSL that supports faster transmissions when receiving data than when sending data.
Webpages
A vast collection of documents on the web
Web Authoring Software
A website development system that allows Web pages to be visually created like a desktop publishing program.
This was a network of computers created in 1966 by ARPA.
ARPANET
What was the purpose of IP?
Addressed and sent the packets
Who sponsored a bill in 1987 to fund research to enhance the speed of the internet backbone?
Al Gore
Allows Internet users to send and receive messages and files over a local computer network or the Internet.
Circuit switching
Allows a caller to dial a number to establish and maintain a private circuit across the wires.
Mailing list
Allows participants to send a single message to the list, which then automatically routes the message to every other participant.
Web conferencing/video calling
Allows remote employees to participate in meetings, training sessions, and more. It also include using the web to view slideshow presentations, use of live or streaming video, participate in the surveys and poles, communicate using text chat, or view the presenters screen using screen sharing.
Video sharing
Also known as video blogging.
WML Definition
And XWL based markup language used to design webpages specifically for mobile browsers. This language uses wireless application protocol WAP to allow Internet access by wireless devices
What is DSL?
Another digital line alternative that transmits data at fast speeds on existing standard copper phone wiring. Can use same line for both voice and data.
T-carrier line
Any of several types of additional lines that carry multiple signals over a single communication line.
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)
Are documents that specify design aspects of a webpage, such as fonts and colors.
Cloud computing
Aspects of this includes remote data access, storage, software access, and collaboration technologies. Users of this can access a variety of software storage methods by using a computer or mobile device with Internet access in browser software.
ADSL
Asymmetrical digital subscriber line
What kind of transactions make up the majority of e-business dollar spent?
B2b
Bps
Bits per second
This company was awarded a contract to create the programming, design, and hardware for the refrigerator size switches to send packets of data.
Bolt Beranek and Newman (BBN)
B2B
Business to business
B2C
Business to consumer
B2E
Business to employee
What enable home or business users to connect to the Internet over the same coaxial cable that delivers television transmissions?
CATV
CATV
Cable Television
CSS
Cascading Style Sheets
Circuit switching versus packet switching - congestion
Circuit switching-only at Setup/once connection is established, data flows freely; packet switching-can occur on every packet because each is trying to find a separate path
Circuit switching versus packet switching - call set up
Circuit switching-required; packet switching-not required
Circuit switching versus packet switching - bandwidth
Circuit switching-static between two computers/can cause wasted bandwidth; packet switching-dynamic/uses different paths to transfer packets separately
What is LAN?
Connects computers using cables or wireless capabilities within a building or campus so users can share data and resources, such as printers.
C2C
Consumer to consumer
Gopher
Created by Paul Lindner and Mark McCahill. Protocol to form a hierarchical directory based system to deliver information across the Internet
Who mandated the use of the suite of communications protocols referred to as TCP/IP?
Defense ARPA (DARPA)
What department did the government tasked with creating decentralizing computing resources and what Agency was created as a result?
Department of defense / advanced research projects agency (ARPA)
Snow, rain, wind, or even clouds may affect the clarity of what type of signal?
Digital satellite signal
Line splitter
Divides the television signals from the data signals
Browsing or surfing the web
Exploring the web by moving from one webpage to another
XHTML
Extensible Hypertext Markup Language
XML
Extensible Markup Language
FTP
File Transfer Protocol
GBps
Gigabits per second (billions)
Tim Berners-Lee and Rober Cailliau created _____ to create documents that can include text, graphics, and links.
HTML
What is broadband?
High speed data transmissions over communication channel that can transmit multiple signals at one time. ISDN, ADSL, and CATV Internet access all examples of this.
Packet Switching
Involves separating data from a sending computer or device into smaller units, sending these units independently over cables, and then reassembling the units on the receiving computer or device.
What is an ISP?
Is a business that has a permanent Internet connection and provides temporary Internet connections to individuals and companies.
Wireless Access Point
Is a hardware device with an antenna that is connected to a wired network and is used to send and receive radio waves to and from notebook computers or other wireless devices.
Protocol
Is a standard or set of rules that computer network devices follow when transmitting and receiving data.
Search tool
Is a web based resource that helps you find specific information on the web.
What is RWD?
Is a web design strategy with the goal to create websites that and adjust layout and, in some cases, content, to the device and screen displaying the webpages .
T-3 line
Is equal in speed 28 T-1 lines. These are the most expensive connection method. Main users include large companies, phone companies, and service providers connecting to the Internet backbone.
Microblogging
Is sending brief text messages to subscribers such as by using Twitter or other services to share status updates, links to articles, photos, and more.
What is BPS?
Is the measurement of the number of bits the line can transmit in one second.
What is PSTN?
It used to be the main way all users connected to the Internet. Data, instructions, and information can travel over the phone network over dial up lines or dedicated lines. It is no longer popular connectivity method because of his low bandwidth. However it remains in use in remote locations where other connection methods are not available.
Who became the head of ARPA's computer and information processing research efforts?
JCR Licklider
KBps
Kilobits per second (thousands)
Who wrote his UCLA doctoral dissertation and outlined the idea of data networking and packet switching?
Leonard Kleinrock
Content Management System
Like web authoring software that provides tools to generate webpages without requiring the web designer to know how to code using HTML and CSS. Can provide access to a Web server, and provide tools to market a website and integrate website content with social networking platforms
LAN
Local area network
Who created the mosaic browser?
Marc Andreessen and Eric Bina
MBps
Megabits per second (millions)
What browser was widely used by universities and colleges?
Mosaic
The National Science Foundation established a new network with five regional supercomputers centers called what?
NSFNet
NCSA
National Center for Supercomputing Application
Jim Clark and Andreessen created what browser?
Netscape Navigator
NIPRNET
Nonsecure Internet Protocol Router Network
Communication carriers
Operate these high speed networks which provide the Internet framework
e-business
Refer to any use of the Internet to conduct a company's business
e-commerce
Refers to Internet use for the purpose of generating sales of goods or services, or creating and maintaining customer relations.
ISPs are classified as _____ or _____.
Regional or national.
RWD
Responsive web design
Who developed TCP and IP?
Robert Kahn and Vinton Cerf
What is the role of the W3C?
Set standards for the web the W3C, through an HTML working group, continues to pursue advancements in the HTML standard.
What is an app?
Short for application, this is a software program that is typically referred to as programs that are run on mobile devices or the web.
What is a bit?
Short for binary digit, is the smallest unit of electronic data. They are either the digit one or zero.
Scripts
Short programs that make web pages dynamic and interactive by adding search features as multimedia, animation, and forms or by connecting web pages to underlying databases.
Packets
Small units of data that are routed between an origin and a destination on the Internet
Mobile Service Provider
Sometimes called a wireless data provider, offers wireless Internet access to computers and mobile devices that have wireless capabilities.
What do 3G and 4G mean?
Standards for mobile communications, including voice, mobile Internet access, video calls, and mobile TV, are classified by generation. 3G, the third generation, provides mobile broadband access to devices such as laptop computers and smart phones. 3G devices support speech and data services, as well as data rate of at least 200 Kbps. 4G systems improve on 3G standards by supporting services such as gaming and streamed multimedia.
What is the most popular T-carrier line?
T-1 line
real time
Taking place simultaneously
What is Web 2.0?
Technologies and practices that are designed to make users web experiences interactive by incorporating social media and user driven content into webpages.
Hyperlinks
Text or a picture on a webpage that you tap or click to view a different location on the same webpage, another webpage at the same website, a webpage at a different website, or to an email address, or PDF document.
What is FTP?
The Internet standard or protocol that you use to upload or download music, software, wordprocessing, picture, and any other files to a server.
Bandwidth
The capacity of the communications channel
XML Definition
Uses both pre-defined and customized tags to facilitate the consistent sharing of information, especially with the large groups. This defines the content itself.
According to Kleinrock, packet switching would make the network more robust and less vulnerable to attack because of what?
The data would move in individual packets over different routes, rather than over single dedicated connection.
Backbone
The main long distance lines and the hardware that connect computers to the Internet
What is the current HTML standard?
The most current HTML standard is HTML 4.01, which specifies, among other things, that HTML tags must be in lowercase, surrounded by brackets, and inserted in pairs. HTML 5 is in draft format and is on schedule for stable recommendation by the end of 2014.
Blogging
The process of people going online to share ideas and information by hosting and participating in blogs.
Transfer rate
The speed at which data travels from one device to another.
Online
The state when an user connects to the Internet access or share information and services
World Wide Web
This is a subset of the Internet... also called the web.
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
This makes it possible for data to be transmitted to any Internet connect a computer or device regardless of operating system or device type.
Cyberstalking
Threatening or harassing people over the Internet
Which worker at CERN suggested that hyperlink resources should not be restricted to text, but include graphics, video, or other document elements?
Tim Bernard-Lee
Download
To copy or transfer files from the server to your computer or device
Upload
To copy, post, or transfer files from your computer or device to a server.
Multiplexing
Transmitting data at the same time over the same line by carrying three or more signals at once through the same line
Streaming media
Video or sound that downloads to a computer continuously to be watched or listened to in real time
VPN
Virtual private network
Hypertext markup language (HTML)
Web designers use those to define the layout and structure of a webpage.
WYSIWYG
What you see is what you get
Hypertext
Which is a system of hyperlinks in allows users to tap or click on the word to jump to another location within the same file.
What is one negative aspect of circuit switching?
While a connection exist between two computers, no other resource can move data through the circuit, even while no data is traveling through the connection.
WML
Wireless Markup Language
Wi-Fi
Wireless fidelity
W3C
World wide web consortium
Tim Berners-Lee created _____ which is a special software program to read and display HTML documents. It was the first browser.
Worldwideweb
Blogs
a regularly updated website or web page, typically one run by an individual or small group, that is written in an informal or conversational style.
DSL
digital subscriber line
HTTP
hypertext transfer protocol