Chapter 1
According to William James, what was the true purpose of psychology?
Studying the function of behavior in the world
Oona wants to conduct research on personnel management, workplace environment, and what type of environment results in high levels of employee productivity and efficiency. Oona should conduct research in the area of psychology.
industrial-organizational
What should be changed to make the following statement true? Jean Piaget is famous for his theories regarding changes in emotional ability that occur as we move from infancy to adulthood.
The word "emotional" should be changed to the word "cognitive".
Which individual wrote Principles of Physiological Psychology and is credited with establishing a scientific laboratory of Psychology at the University of Leipzig?
Wilhelm Wundt
Susan wants to study prejudice, attraction, how we explain our own behavior versus how we explain the behavior of others, and how we resolve interpersonal conflicts. Susan should conduct research in the area of:
social psychology
For which concept is Abraham Maslow best known?
Proposing a hierarchy of human needs in motivating behavior
Which of the following is a criticism of structuralism?
The process was highly subjective.
Which of the following is one of the reasons that Gestalt psychology did not become more popular in the United States?
The rise of behaviorism overshadowed Gestalt psychology
A(n) _____________, also known as an operant chamber, is an instrument that isolates an animal from the external environment and allows a researcher to control that animals rewards and punishments.
skinner box
The cognitive revolution created an impetus for psychologists to focus their attention on better understanding ____________.
the mind and mental processes that underlie behavior
Functionalist psychologists focus on the function of behavior and ___________.
the operation of the whole mind rather than the individual parts
Cognitive psychology focuses on studying _______________.
thoughts and their relationship to our experiences and our actions
Which of the following is an example of research someone might conduct in the area of health psychology?
whether people working at a desk are more likely to be obese
Which of the following is a common requirement of a PhD across different schools and/or countries?
A dissertation
in developmental psychology, there is an increasing interest in researching cognitive changes that occur later in life. Why?
Populations of developed nations are living longer.
Ashya wants to focus on the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders and other problematic patterns of behavior. What area of psychology should she work in?
clinical psychology
When studying personality traits, someone who is hardworking, dependable, and organized will score high on the ____________ trait.
conscientious
Which of the following is not part of feminist psychology?
favoring women over men
The empirical method of study is based on _____________.
observation of phenomena
Dr. Singh has just completed her PhD program and is now applying for a year-long program at a nationally-recognized hospital. If accepted, she will greatly advance her knowledge of behavioral neuroscience. Dr. Singh is applying for a(n) _______________ training program.
postdoctoral
Psychology refers to the ______________.
scientific study of the mind and behavior.
Which of the following choices refers to a broad explanation or group of explanations for some aspect of the natural world that is consistently supported by evidence over time?
scientific theory
Select the correctly ordered list of psychological perspectives, with the earliest perspectives listed first.
structuralism, functionalism, behaviorism, humanism
Behaviorism focuses on making psychology an objective science by ______________.
studying overt behavior and deemphasizing the importance of unobservable mental processes
Which of the following exemplifies the unconditional positive regard component of client-centered therapy?
Abby tells her therapist that she tripped a small child who got in her way, and her therapist accepts this information without judgement
Which of the following exemplifies the empirical method?
Dr. Sarkeesian observes and records how watching cartoons influences heart rates.
In the study of personality, the ___________ model includes different traits that are believed to underlie each individuals basic tendencies.
Five factor
Who was the first African American to receive a PhD in psychology in the United States?
Francis Cecil Sumner
A series of dots arranged in the shape of a face will be perceived as a face, not a series of dots. A psychologist studying this phenomenon is applying the principals of ______________.
Gestalt psychology
Which perspective within psychology that emphasizes the potential for good that is innate to all humans.
Humanism
In looking at the area of multicultural psychology, what is a recognized deficit of this particular area of study?
It can describe what happens between cultures, but not explain why those differences occur.
Which famous female psychologist completed all of the requirements for a doctorate in psychology but was denied that degree because of her sex?
Mary Whiton Calkins
What do structuralism, Gestalt psychology, and Sigmund Freud all have in comman?
They were all concerned with describing and understanding the inner experience
Lucy wants to study changes in physical attributes, cognitive skills, moral reasoning and social behavior across the lifespan. Lucy should specialize in _______________ psychology
developmental
Which kind of psychologist would be consulted in jury selection and witness preparation?
forensic
Introspection refers to a process by which someone examines _____________ as objectively as possible.
her own conscious experience
Edmund wants to identify relatively consistent patterns of thought and behavior, measure these traits, and determine how these traits interact in a particular context to determine how a person will behave in any given situation. Edmund wants to conduct research in the area of
personality