Chapter 10

James Madison

1808 and 1812; Democratic-Republican; notable events include the War of 1812, let the charter of the First Bank of the United States expire, but realized it was difficult to finance a war without the bank, so he chartered the 2nd Bank of the United States

Election of George Washington

George Washington was elected as the first president of the United States of being chosen by the Congress on a unanimous vote. Washington was inaugurated in New York City in 1789.

Inauguration of George Washington

Where Washington left Mt. Vernon to New York city where he was inaugurated.

Despotism

tyranny; dictatorship

Washington's Farewell

warning for country, says: 1.Do not get involved in European Affairs 2.Do not form long term alliances 3.Do not form political parties- all you'll do is argue 4. Avoid sectionalism- Make country all 1

Proposing an Amendment

2/3 of each house of congress can vote. or 2/3 of legislatures can demand that congress has a national convention for proposing amendments.

George Washington's Cabinet

Alexander Hamilton- Secretary of Treasury; Thomas Jefferson- Secretary of the State; Henry Know- Secretary of War; Edmund Randolph- Attourney General; Samuel Osgood- Postmaster General

XYZ Affair

An insult to the American delegation when they were supposed to be meeting French foreign minister, Talleyrand, but instead they were sent 3 officials Adams called "X,Y, and Z" that demanded $250,000 as a bribe to see Talleyrand.

Alexander Hamilton

Hamilton emerged as a major political figure during the debate over the Constitution, as the outspoken leader of the Federalists and one of the authors of the Federalist Papers. Later, as secretary of treasury under Washington, Alexander Hamilton spearheaded the government's Federalist initiatives, most notably through the creation of the Bank of the United States.

Tories

The Tories were colonists who disagreed with the move for independence and did not support the Revolution.

Battle of Fallen Timbers

The U.S. Army defeated the Native Americans under Shawnee Chief Blue Jacket and ended Native American hopes of keeping their land that lay north of the Ohio River

Alien and Sedition Acts

These consist of four laws passed by the Federalist Congress and signed by President Adams in 1798: the Naturalization Act, which increased the waiting period for an immigrant to become a citizen from 5 to 14 years; the Alien Act, which empowered the president to arrest and deport dangerous aliens; the Alien Enemy Act, which allowed for the arrest and deportation of citizens of countries at was with the US; and the Sedition Act, which made it illegal to publish defamatory statements about the federal government or its officials. The first 3 were enacted in response to the XYZ Affair, and were aimed at French and Irish immigrants, who were considered subversives. The Sedition Act was an attempt to stifle Democratic-Republican opposition, although only 25 people were ever arrested, and only 10 convicted, under the law. The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions, which initiated the concept of "nullification" of federal laws were written in response to the Acts.

Mobocracy

To be ruled by a mob. An example of people who used this method would be the American colonists. When England would impose taxes and acts, such as the Stamp Act, the colonists would become angered and protest it by forming mobs and doing such things as ransacking houses and stealing the money of stamp agents. The Stamp Act was eventually nullified because all the stamp agents had been forced to resign leaving no one to uphold it.

Unanimity

oneness of mind, complete agreement

French Revolution

the revolution that began in 1789, overthrew the absolute monarchy of the Bourbons and the system of aristocratic privileges, and ended with Napoleon's overthrow of the Directory and seizure of power in 1799.

Washington's Neutrality Proclamation

Declared that war must be avoided, as the United States was too militarily disjointed to engage in war between the French and Britain.

Hamilton's Financial Plan

Designed to pay off the U.S.'s war debts and stabilize the economy, he believed that the United States should become a leading international commercial power. His programs included the creation of the National Bank, the establishment of the U.S.'s credit rate, increased tariffs, and an excise tax on whiskey. Also, he insisted that the federal government assume debts incurred by the states during the war.

Jay's Treaty

John Jay negotiated a treaty with Britain in 1794 in which the British agreed to evacuate posts in the American northwest and settle some maritime disputes. Jay agreed to accept Britain's definition of America's neutral rights. The terms of the treaty provoked a storm of protest, but it was ratified in 1795.

Democratic-Republicans

Led by Thomas Jefferson, believed people should have political power, favored strong STATE governments, emphasized agriculture, strict interpretation of the Constitution, pro-French, opposed National Bank

Whigs

Political party that favored a more activist government, high tariffs, internal improvements, and moral reforms

Census of 1790

President Washinton's statement of the basic principles of American foreign policy in his administration, Effort that counted 4 million Americans

Whiskey Rebellion

Rebellion in 1794 by farmers in western Pennsylvania against the tax on whiskey

Trans-Appalachian

The area west of the Appalachian mountains, but east of the Mississippi River

Bill of Rights

The first ten amendments of the U.S. Constitution, containing a list of individual rights and liberties, such as freedom of speech, religion, and the press.

Federalist

a member of a former political party in the United States that favored a strong centralized federal government