chapter 10 and 11

The indicated muscle is

biceps femoris

Muscle 1 is called _____ major and muscle 2 is called _____ minor.

zygomaticus

Which list includes muscles that are responsible for facial expressions?

zygomaticus major, risorius, platysma

Which muscles in this figure are NOT innervated by the facial nerve? Select all that apply.

B ans A

Muscle 1 is called ______ , also known as whistling muscle.

Buccinator

What activates the sarcomere to contract?

Calcium ions are released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum

Which muscle in this figure is innervated by the trigeminal nerve?

E

During a muscle contraction, actin binds to myosin.

False

In extending the arm, the role of the triceps brachii is to act as the antagonist.

False

Pyruvic acid is converted to lactic acid in the presence of adequate oxygen.

False

Skeletal muscle can contract without nerve stimulation.

False

A concentric isotonic contraction differs from and eccentric isotonic contraction in that the muscle lengthens in the concentric contraction.

Fasle

The brachioradialis, brachialis, and biceps brachii muscles combine to _____ the forearm.

Felx

Which of the following muscles would be involved in writing and serve primarily as flexors?

Flexor carpi radialis and Palmaris longus

The contraction cycle will end due to all of the following except A. Low ATP levels. B. End of electrical impulses from the nervous system. C. High Calcium levels. D. None of these.

High Calcium levels.

Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? A. Concentric isotonic contractions result in muscle shortening. B. Eccentric isotonic contractions result in controlled lengthening of the muscle. C. Isometric contractions result in lengthening or shortening of the muscle and moving a load E large motor unit. D. In isometric contractions, the tension generated is not great enough to move the load.

Isometric contractions result in lengthening or shortening of the muscle and moving a load E large motor unit.

What happens to the neurotransmitter once an action potential is propagated on the muscle sarcolemma?

It is immediately broken down by an enzyme.

Which three muscles make up the hamstring?

L,M, N

Identify the muscle labeled with arrow 1:

Occipitofrontalis

Identify the muscle labeled with arrow 3:

Orbicularis oris

The scapula functions as a(n) __________ for most of the muscles that move the humerus.

Origin

The stationary attachment of a muscle is termed the ______ while the attachment to a movable bone is called the _____.

Origin; insertion

Identify the muscle labeled with arrow 1:

Platysma

Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?

The antagonist contracts to cause an action while the agonist stretches and yields to the effects of the prime mover.

Myasthenia Gravis is an autoimmune disorder that targets the ACh receptors at the NMJ and ultimately reduces the number of available receptors. Predict what happens if you treat the patient with a drug that inhibits the activity of acetylcholinesterase?

The drug will increase contraction.

Calcium binds to the troponin-tropomyosin complex and allows myosin to access the actin filaments.

True

Energy can be transferred in the muscle cell through the conversion of ATP into ADP.

True

Writer's cramp can occur in Anatomy and Physiology lecture class. What factor would most likely contribute to the muscles not being able to relax?

a deficit of ATP keeping myosin from detaching

The neurotransmitter released by the motor neuron to cause muscle contraction is

acetylcholine.

The indicated muscle ____ and rotates the shoulder joint inward.

adducts

The indicated muscle _____ the scapula.

adducts

The indicated muscle ______ and flexes the hip joint.

adducts

The indicated muscle flexes the knee and Enter your answer in accordance to the question statement _______ the hip joint.

adducts

A runner nearing the end of a marathon race would produce most ATP by:

aerobic respiration.

Which ATP production would be sufficient to run in place for one minute?

anaerobic cellular respiration

Muscle paralysis would lead to ___.

atrophy

Which of the following pairs of muscles are agonist-antagonists (that is, one flexes and the other extends) the forearm?

biceps brachii and triceps brachii

Forcefully blowing through a trumpet would require contraction of which muscle?

buccinator

What is the insertion of the muscle labeled D?

calcaneus by way of Achilles tendon

The sarcoplasmic reticulum contains

calcium

The indicated muscle _____ the abdominal cavity.

compresses

The indicated muscle ______ the scapula.

elevates

Improper lifting of a heavy load (such as trying to lift a box of books from its position on the floor), is most likely to cause painful back spasms in which muscle(s)?

erector spinae

The superficial posterior forearm muscles function to ________ the wrist.

extend

The indicated muscle ______ the elbow.

extends

The indicated muscle ______ the knee and flexes the hip joint

extends

The indicated muscle _______ the vertebral column.

extends

The indicated muscle ________the hip joint.

extends

The indicated muscle adducts and _________ shoulder joint.

extends

The quadriceps femoris is a knee __________ used to rise from a seated position.

extensor

The indicated muscle is the

external intercostals

What type of skeletal muscle fiber would an Olympic quality weight lifter specifically be developing during training, to enhance his or her weight lifting power?

fast glycolytic fibers

World class shot-putters will have a higher percentage of ______in their arm muscles.

fast glycolytic fibers

The indicated muscle _____ the lumbar vertebral column.

flexes

The indicated muscle ______ the knee and extends the hip joint.

flexes

The indicated muscle _______ the knee and flexes the hip joint

flexes

The indicated muscle plantar flexes the ankle and ______ the knee.

flexes

The indicated muscle plantar flexes the

foot

The indicated muscle is the Enter your answer in accordance to the question statement

gastrocnemius

The indicated muscle is the

gracilis

Strength training would result in

hypertrophy of fast oxidative-glycolytic fibers

On a cellular level, what causes muscle hypertrophy?

increased synthesis of thick and thin filaments

This structure is unique to cardiac muscle cells, and allows individual cells to be firmly attached to each other (to provide mechanical strength during contraction), and also allow the action potential to spread rapidly through the cardiac muscle tissue, so that contractions are smooth and coordinated.

intercalated discs

The indicated muscle is the

levator scapulae

Which muscles help move the jaw during mastication?

masseter, temporalis, pterygoid (medial and lateral)

The general origin of muscle 2 is the _______ bone and the insertion is at the ________

maxilla, angle and ramus of mandible

Which of the following molecules found in skeletal muscle cells binds oxygen that can later be used during aerobic metabolism to help generate ATP?

myoglobin

The indicated muscle _____ the hand.

pronates

Exercise can produce a fashionable "six pack" of toned muscles. Which of the following muscles is involved in giving the appearance of this defined pack of muscles?

rectus abdominis

The indicated muscle is the

rectus femoris

The indicated muscle ______ and flexes the vertebral column and compresses the abdominal cavity.

rotates

The muscle cell's contracting unit is known as the

sarcomere.

In the muscle cell, calcium ions are stored in the

sarcoplasmic reticulum

The indicated muscle is the

sartorius

Which of the following is an anterior muscle that flexes the knee?

sartorius

Which of the following muscles is known as the "tailor's muscle" because it helps you cross your legs so that you could sit with the heel of one limb resting on the knee of the other limb (in centuries past, sitting with crossed legs was the way tailor's, makers of clothing, would sit to do their sewing).

sartorius

The indicated muscle is the

serratus anterior

Which muscle is called the "boxer's muscle" as it abducts the scapula and rotates it upward? It also elevates the ribs when the scapula is stabilized.

serratus anterior

Glycogen reserves can release glucose for cellular respiration. Glycogen reserves are typically found in

skeletal muscle and the liver.

Why will an individual who lifts weights build larger muscles?

skeletal muscles increase number of myofibrils but not number of cells

If you are an endurance athlete, you especially rely on which type of skeletal muscle fiber to perform your sport?

slow oxidative fibers

Which type of muscular tissue has the highest capacity for regeneration?

smooth muscle tissue

The indicated muscle is the

soleus

The general origin of muscle 1 is the ______ bone and the insertion is at the ________

temporal, coronoid process

Mitochondrial activity in skeletal muscle cells are usually efficient, but can have limited ATP production if

there is limited O2 availability

The indicated muscle is the

tibialis anterior

Binding sites on actin are covered by

tropomyosin.

Which protein does Calcium bind to?

troponin