Chapter 10, clinical psych chapter 9 test, CLP Ch 8, CP 4, chapter 7
The three-stratum theory of intelligence is a contemporary theory that proposes a single, overall ability that contains eight broad factors, each of which contain many more specific abilities. This theory was proposed by _____.
John Carroll
_____ created a comprehensive scoring system for the Rorschach Inkblot Method.
John Exner
The _____is a new, shorter version of the MMPI-2 released in 2008.
MMPI-2-RF
Which of the following is an example of an objective personality test?
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
The _____ is the most popular and psychometrically sound objective personality test used by clinical psychologists.
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-II
Theodore Millon is
The creator of the MCMI.
The validity scales of the MMPI-2 are a measure of _____.
The test-taking attitudes of the client
_____ of clinical psychologists use clinical interviews as part of their assessment processes.
The vast majority
In the _____, the task of the client is to create a story to go along with the interpersonal scenes depicted in cards.
Thematic Apperception Test
Which of the following is NOT an example of an objective personality test?
Thematic Apperception Test
Dr. Richards uses psychological testing, including feedback about testing results, both to assess his patients and to provide a brief therapeutic intervention. This practice is best described as
Therapeutic assessment.
_____ is the extent to which an assessment technique measures what it claims to measure.
Validity
Dr. Rosen, a clinical psychologist in private practice, likes to combine elements of a structured interview and an unstructured interview with his patients. By blending these two approaches, Dr. Rosen is using what is known as a(n) _____ interview.
semistructured
Barak completes the MMPI-2. His results produce a highly elevated K scale score. A clinical psychologist interpreting this score should conclude that Barak is
"faking good."
The original MMPI and the MMPI-2 both feature _____ clinical scales.
10
For the current editions of the Wechsler intelligence tests and Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales, the mean score for full-scale IQ is _____.
100
The WISC is an appropriate test for a client who is _____ years old.
11
The WPPSI is an appropriate test for a client who is _____ years old.
4
The WAIS features _____ factors, each of which yields an index score. The SB5 features _____ factors.
4, 5
The WAIS is an appropriate test for a client who is _____ years old.
72
_____ reliability is the extent to which an assessment technique yields similar results across different administrators.
Interrater
______________, which is more likely to take place when clinical psychologists are not culturally competent, involves viewing as abnormal that which is normal within the client's own culture.
Over pathologizing
The NEO-Personality Inventory-Revised (NEO-PI-R) was created by _____.
Paul Costa and Robert McCrae
The Wechsler index score that measures fluid reasoning, spatial processing, and visual-motor integration is the _____ Index.
Perceptual Reasoning
The Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-IV (MCMI-IV) emphasizes _____.
Personality disorders
Which of the following statements is NOT true? (CPI-III)
The CPI-III yields scores on scales such as Derangement, Anxiety, and Apathy.
Which of the following is true regarding current editions of the Wechsler intelligence tests?
There are separate tests for three different populations: adults, children, and preschoolers.
Eye contact, body language, vocal qualities, and verbal tracking are specific types of _____.
attending behaviors
*8. Attenuated psychosis syndrome A) is not mentioned in the current DSM at all. B) is listed in the Emerging Measures and Models section of the current DSM. C) is listed as an official disorder in the current DSM. D) is included in the current DSM as a sub-type of schizophrenia.
b
1. The harmful dysfunction theory of mental disorders was developed by A) Sigmund Freud B) Jerome Wakefield C) Emil Kraepelin D) B. F. Skinner
b
13. During the late 1800s and early 1900s, the primary purpose of diagnostic categories was A) the diagnosis of prisoners. B) the collection of statistical and census data. C) compliance with health insurance and managed care company policies. D) to offer guidance toward particular forms of medication and psychotherapy.
b
19. DSM-I and DSM-II A) were entirely empirically based. B) reflected a psychoanalytic orientation. C) included lists of specific symptoms or criteria for each disorder. D) all of the above
b
29. In recent years, researchers have offered alternatives to the categorical approach to the diagnosis of mental disorders. Specifically, the _____ approach has received significant attention, especially regarding the _____ disorders. A) dimensional; anxiety B) dimensional; personality C) multi-axial; mood D) medical model; eating
b
Of all the available assessment procedures, clinical psychologists rely most frequently on the _____.
clinical interview
*23. DSM-5 added a number of new disorders including A) premenstrual dysphoric disorder. B) disruptive mood dysregulation disorder. C) binge eating disorder. D) All of the above.
d
*25. DSM-5 has received numerous criticisms. Which of the following is NOT one of these criticisms? A) Diagnostic overexpansion B) Lack of transparency of the revision process C) The high price of the manual D) All of the above.
d
*4. The DSM-5 defines mental disorders as A) a clinically significant disturbance in cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior. B) indicating a dysfunction in mental functioning. C) usually associated with significant distress or disability in work, relationships, or other areas of functioning. D) all of the above
d
*9. Why might naming various experiences mental disorders be beneficial? A) An official label may help clients demystify an otherwise nameless experience. B) Naming promotes greater attention to the symptoms by researchers and clinicians. C) An official diagnosis can help clients gain access to treatment, especially if health insurance is used to pay. D) All of the above.
d
20. DSM-III differed from its predecessors in significant ways, such as A) the inclusion of a multi-axial system by which clinicians could diagnose clients on five separate axes. B) the use of specific diagnostic criteria to define disorders. C) a greater reliance on empirical data rather than clinical consensus. D) all of the above
d
26. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder A) was an official disorder in the original edition of the DSM, but is not mentioned at all in the current edition. B) is listed as a provisional disorder, or a "criteria set for further study," in the current DSM. C) is a subtype of bipolar disorder. D) is an official mental disorder in DSM-5.
d
6. The DSM is primarily authored by A) social workers. B) counselors. C) psychologists. D) psychiatrists.
d
A _____ interview is used to diagnose. The interview should facilitate assignment of an accurate DSM disorder to the client.
diagnostic
Dr. Murphy, a clinical neuropsychologist, is conducting a clinical interview in which the primary purpose is to assign a label from the current DSM to the patient. In other words, Dr. Murphy is conducting a _____.
diagnostic interview
Dr. Harris, a clinical psychologist, is interviewing a client with the primary purpose of determining whether the agency where Dr. Harris works can provide the services required by this client. In other words, Dr. Harris is conducting a(n) _____.
intake interview
Whereas a _____ echoes the client's words, a _____ echoes the client's emotions.
paraphrase, reflection of feeling
A(n) _____ interview is a predetermined, planned sequences of questions that an interviewer asks a client. By contrast, a(n) _____ interview is improvised and involves no predetermined questions.
structured, unstructured
Which of the following statements is NOT true? (MMPI)
A shorter version of the MMPI-2 is the MMPI-2 Brief Inventory (MMPI-2-BI).
In the mid-1900s, _____ developed a classification system to treat World War II soldiers that had a significant influence on the creation of the first DSM.
C. the U.S. Army and Veterans' Administration
According to Cattell, _____ intelligence is intelligence accumulated as a result of life experiences.
Crystallized
The practice of evidence-based assessment is characterized by the selection of tests that meet all of the following criteria EXCEPT
Endorsement by the American Psychological Association.
Clinical psychologists who select assessment methods that have strong validity, reliability, and clinical utility are practicing _____.
Evidence-based assessment
The WIAT is
Wechsler Individual Achievement Test WIAT
An element common to all kinds of psychological assessment is _____, which may take the form of a face-to-face meeting or written report.
feedback
To develop rapport during a clinical interview, an interviewer should do all of the following EXCEPT
gently correct the client when he uses metaphors incorrectly.
The _____ is a thorough and lengthy battery of eight standardized neuropsychological tests.
halstead-reitan
Cultural variables are important in the context of a clinical interview. For example, compared to traditional Western culture, Asian cultures tends to feature
less physical touch.
Communication styles often differ between men and women. For example,
men tend to avoid self-disclosure because it brings vulnerability, whereas women tend to engage in self-disclosure because it brings closeness.
The type of clinical interview that is most often conducted in medical settings for the primary purpose of quickly assessing a client's current level of functioning is the _____.
mental status exam
Honore receives psychological testing. Although her intelligence falls in the low average range, a discrepancy is still identified between her achievement and intelligence test scores (such that achievement falls significantly below expectations based on intelligence). This discrepancy will likely be the basis for a diagnosis of _____.
specific learning disorder
DSM-I and DSM-II
B. reflected a psychoanalytic orientation.
Hippocrates identified an imbalance in _____ as the source of abnormality.
C. bodily fluids
All editions of the DSM have offered a _____ approach to diagnosis
C. categorical
DSM-III
C. emphasized psychoanalytic and psychodynamic perspectives.
Disorders such as attenuated psychosis syndrome are not official diagnoses and are listed as _____ in DSM-5.
C. proposed criteria sets
All editions of the DSM have been published by the _____.
A. American Psychiatric Association
DSM-5 has received numerous criticisms. Which of the following is NOT a criticism discussed in the textbook?
A. DSM-5 was not expanded enough, and as a result the current edition includes approximately the same number of disorders as the original edition.
Essentially, a categorical approach to diagnosis of mental disorders suggests that an individual
A. either has or does not have a disorder.
Categorical diagnosis of mental illness has many advantages, including that it
A. facilitates easier communication between professionals.
Jerome Wakefield is the creator of the theory of _____.
A. harmful dysfunction
Emil Kraepelin was a pioneer of the diagnosis of mental disorders. Among the categories he identified were _____, which is similar to the current label of bipolar disorder, and _____, which is similar to the current label of schizophrenia
A. manic-depressive psychosis, dementia praecox
The first edition of the DSM contained only three broad categories that are:
A. psychoses, neuroses, and character disorders.
According to the harmful dysfunction theory of mental disorders, when we try to determine what is abnormal, we should consider
A. scientific or evolutionary data, as well as social values that provide context for the behavior.
Researchers who endorse the dimensional approach to diagnosis of mental problems most often recommend that _____ serve(s) as the basis for the dimensions.
A. the five-factor model of personality
The MMPI is an example of a(n)
Adolescent version of the MMPI-2 intended for clients aged 14-18 years.
A client who scores very high on the clinical scale called "Psychopathic Deviate" on the MMPI-2 is most likely to receive a diagnosis of _____.
Antisocial personality disorder
The Psychasthenia scale on the MMPI-2 is a measure of _____.
Anxiety
Who are Starke Hathaway and J. C. McKinley?
Authors of the original MMPI
Based on the textbook, which of the following is NOT a revision to a mental disorder that was included in DSM-5
B. Asperger's disorder was expanded and can now be diagnoses as mild, moderate, or severe Asperger's disorder.
DSM-5 contains a list of "unofficial" disorders that are not yet diagnosable. In what section of DSM-5 are these proposed disorders listed?
B. Emerging Measures and Models
The harmful dysfunction theory of mental disorders was developed by _____.
B. Jerome Wakefield
Compared to the definition of generalized anxiety disorder in DSM-5 (2013), the definition of anxiety neurosis in DSM-II (1968)
B. contains more terminology derived from psychoanalysis.
In recent years, researchers have offered alternatives to the categorical approach to the diagnosis of mental disorders. Specifically, the _____ approach has received significant attention, especially regarding the _____ disorders
B. dimensional, personality
The DSM reflects a medical model of psychopathology. This means that
B. each mental disorder is an entity defined categorically and features a list of specific symptoms.
Attenuated psychosis syndrome
B. is listed as a proposed criteria set in the "Emerging Measures and Models" section of the current DSM.
Internet gaming disorder
B. is listed in the Emerging Measures and Models section of DSM-5.
DSM-5 was created by
B. prominent researchers who were members of a Task Force and Work Groups.
During the late 1800s and early 1900s, the primary purpose of diagnostic categories was
B. the collection of statistical and census data.
Unlike lengthier personality tests that provide a broad overview of personality, the _____ is briefer and more targeted toward a single characteristic.
Beck Depression Inventory-II
Naturalistic observation is most likely to be practiced by a clinical psychologists who endorses
Behavioral assessment.
The first edition of the DSM was published in _____.
C. 1952
DSM-III was published in _____.
C. 1980
. Recent editions of the DSM, including DSM-5, have received numerous criticisms. Which of the following statements is inconsistent with the criticisms discussed in the textbook?
C. Diagnoses such as premenstrual dysphoric disorder demonstrate a significant reduction in DSM gender bias.
. In the United States, what is the most up-to-date, prevailing diagnostic guide for mental health professionals?
C. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition
_____ is to intelligence is one thing, as _____ is to intelligence is many things.
Charles Spearman, Louis Thurstone
What technique is used to make sure the interviewer accurately understands a patient's comments and to communicate that the interviewer is actively listening to the patient?
Clarification
Behavioral assessment endorses the notion that
Client behaviors are, themselves, the problem.
The Rorschach Inkblot Method
Contains a total of 10 inkblots.
_____ validity is the extent to which an assessment technique has content appropriate for what is being measured.
Content
_____ is the extent to which an assessment technique correlates with other techniques that measure the same thing.
Convergent validity
DSM-5 was published in _____.
D. 2013
. _____, a new disorder in DSM-5, is described by some as frequent temper tantrums in children from 6 to 18 years of age.
D. Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder
Which of the following is NOT a part of DSM-5's definition of a mental disorder?
D. It consists of behaviors witnessed in less than 30% of the population.
Which of the following statements is TRUE?
D. The current DSM eliminates the five axis diagnostic system.
DSM-III differed from its predecessors in all of the following significant ways EXCEPT that it A. introduced a multiaxial diagnostic system.
D. emphasized psychoanalytic and humanistic perspectives.
The DSM is primarily authored by _____.
D. psychiatrists
Therapeutic assessment
Describes the use of psychological testing and feedback as a brief therapeutic intervention.
Which of the following is NOT one of the "Big Five" personality traits measured by the NEO Personality Inventory?
Eclecticism
. _____ is a test-construction method that involves identifying distinct groups of people, asking all of them to respond to the same test items, and comparing responses between the groups.
Empirical criterion keying
Dr. Johnson is asked to assess Martha. He decides he will administer the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5because he knows it is well supported by research. In this situation, Dr. Johnson is practicing
Evidence-based assessment.
Which of the following is UNLIKELY to enhance rapport in a clinical interview?
Excessive small talk used to distract the client from the awkwardness of the interview
List three attending behaviors.
Eye contact, body language, vocal qualities, verbal tracking, and referring to the client by the proper name.
According to Cattell, _____ intelligence includes the ability to solve novel problems quickly.
Fluid
Spearman created the concept of _____, an individual's general intelligence or global, overall intellectual ability.
G
A client who scores very high on the clinical scale called "Psychasthenia" on the MMPI-2 is most like to receive a diagnosis of _____.
Generalized anxiety disorder
A _____ model of intelligence proposes that specific abilities exist and are important, but they are all somewhat related to each other and to a global, overall, general intelligence.
Hierarchical
_____ tests measure a client's intellectual abilities, whereas _____ tests measure what a client has accomplished with those intellectual abilities.
Intelligence, Achievement
The practice of using a collection of different assessment instruments (e.g., interview data, direct observation, etc.) to examine an individual's personality is known as ___________.
Multimethod Assessment
The NEO-Personality Inventory-Revised (NEO-PI-R) emphasizes _____.
Normal personality traits
_____ include unambiguous test items, offer clients a limited range of responses, and have clear scoring guidelines.
Objective personality tests
Loraine is a clinical psychology graduate student conducting her first clinical interview with a client. While her client describes reasons for seeking treatment, Loraine finds herself distracted by internal thoughts such as, "What questions should I ask next?" and "When is the project due for my linear regression class?" In this instance, Loraine has the opportunity to improve which general skill of clinical interviewing?
Quieting yourself
_____ refers to a positive, comfortable relationship between interviewer and client, or an interpersonal "connection" as perceived by the client.
Rapport
_____ describes how an interviewer is with clients; _____ is what an interviewer does with clients.
Rapport, technique
_____ is how an interviewer is with clients, while _____ is what an interviewer does with clients.
Rapport, technique
_____ is the extent to which an assessment technique yields consistent, repeatable results.
Reliability
The most frequently cited shortcoming of projective personality tests centers on the fact that projective personality tests
Rely more heavily on the psychologist's unique way of scoring and interpreting results than objective tests, which limits their reliability and validity.
The RBANS is
Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status, like the two small tests for memory 12 subsets and 5 categories
Which of the following is not a clinical scale on the MMPI and MMPI-2?
Self-Acceptance
As part of an assessment, Dr. Bush asks Mary to finish sentence stems printed on a paper, such as "My favorite ..." and "I feel afraid ..." This assessment technique is known as a
Sentence completion test, a projective measure of personality.
The notion of "g," as proposed by Charles Spearman, suggests that, essentially,
Singular, "g"eneral intelligence, represents a persons global overall intellectual ability
Dr. Huckabee is conducting a clinical interview with Megan. At the end of the interview, he ties together various topics that Megan discussed, connecting statements she made at various points, and identifies themes in the information she has provided. Which of the following techniques is Dr. Huckabee using?
Summarizing
What is the primary purpose of the mental status exam?
To quickly assess how the client is functioning at the time of the evaluation
Describe the difference between validity and reliability in relation to assessment techniques.
Validity is the extent to which the assessment technique measures what it claims to measure. Reliability is the extent to which the assessment technique yields consistent, repeatable results.
The index scores of the Wechsler intelligence tests, which correspond to the underlying factors in the test, include _____.
Verbal Comprehension and Perceptual Reasoning
It is important for clinical interviewers to appreciate how communication styles tend to differ across cultures. For example,
Whites tend to speak more quickly than Native Americans.
*22. Which of the following is true? A) DSM-IV and DSM-IV-TR used a multiaxial diagnosis system. B) DSM-5 uses a multiaxial diagnosis system. C) DSM-5 switched to a dimensional model of diagnosis. D) None of the above is/are true.
a
12. Emil Kraepelin was a pioneer of the diagnosis of mental disorders. Among the categories he identified were _____, which is similar to the current label of bipolar disorder, and _____ which is similar to the current label of schizophrenia. A) manic-depressive psychosis; dementia praecox B) anxiety neurosis; disorderly thought psychosis C) dementia praecox; separation disorder D) none of the above
a
18. The first edition of the DSM contained only three broad categories: A) psychoses, neuroses, and character disorders. B) internalizing, externalizing, and mediating disorders. C) primary, secondary, and tertiary disorders. D) Freudian, Jungian, and undifferentiated disorders.
a
2. Jerome Wakefield is the creator of the theory of A) harmful dysfunction. B) the unconscious. C) aberrant behavior. D) categorical disorders.
a
28. Essentially, a categorical approach to diagnosis of mental disorders suggests that an individual A) has a disorder or does not have it. B) has every disorder to some extent. C) can only be diagnosed with one disorder at a single point in time. D) can have multiple disorders at the same time only if those disorders fall within the same larger category, such as mood disorders or anxiety disorders.
a
30. Researchers who endorse the dimensional approach to diagnosis of mental problems most often recommend that _____ serve as the basis for the dimensions. A) the five-factor model of personality B) cognitive thought distortion categories C) baseline behavioral data D) neurosis and psychosis
a
32. Categorical diagnosis of mental illness has many advantages, including the fact that it A) facilitates communication between professionals. B) forces professionals to think categorically, which is an unnatural and uncommon manner of cognition among human beings. C) all of the above D) none of the above
a
5. All editions of the DSM have been published by the A) American Psychiatric Association B) American Psychological Association C) American Psychological Society D) American Counseling Association
a
7. The DSM reflects a medical model of psychopathology, according to which A) each mental disorder is a byproduct of a medical disorder centered in a part of the body other than the brain. B) each mental disorder is an entity defined categorically and features a list of specific symptoms. C) medication is the only acceptable form of treatment for mental disorders. D) psychotherapy cannot be expected to succeed unless it is accompanied by medication.
b
11. Hippocrates identified an imbalance in _____ as the source of abnormality. A) the ego B) spiritual harmony C) bodily fluids D) the unconscious
c
An important skill for a clinical interviewer is _____, which is best described as the ability to know how he tends to affect others interpersonally and how others tend to relate to him.
being self-aware
The _____ is a brief neuropsychological screening device that involves copying geometric shapes with pencil and paper, takes only about 6 minutes to administer, and is appropriate for any client above 3 years of age.
bender-gestalt
*10. Disorders such as attenuated psychosis syndrome are not official diagnoses and are listed as _____ in the DSM-5. A) upcoming diagnoses B) research disorders C) proposed criteria sets D) cultural diagnoses
c
16. In the mid-1900s, _____ developed a classification system to treat World War II soldiers that had a significant influence on the creation of the first DSM. A) NATO B) the World Health Organization C) the U.S. Army and Veterans' Administration D) the European Psychiatric Association
c
17. The first edition of the DSM was published in A) 1914 B) 1930 C) 1952 D) 1986
c
21. DSM-III was published in A) 1952 B) 1968 C) 1980 D) 1994
c
24. New features in DSM-5 include A) elimination of the multiaxial diagnostic system. B) the use of Arabic, rather than Roman, numerals in the title. C) Both A and B. D) None of the above.
c
27. All editions of the DSM have offered a _____ approach to diagnosis. A) dimensional B) symptom- or criteria-based C) categorical D) multi-axial
c
3. According to the harmful dysfunction theory of mental disorders, when we try to determine what is abnormal, we should consider A) scientific or evolutionary data B) the social values that provide the context for the behavior in question C) all of the above D) none of the above
c
31. A potential risk of expanding the range of pathology included in the DSM is that A) more people may have to live with stigma associated with a diagnostic label. B) the concept of mental illness could be trivialized because it is applied to so many people and experiences. C) all of the above D) none of the above
c
Referring to a client by the proper name
can be accomplished by asking the client how he would like to be addressed early in treatment.
Positive working relationships with clients
can be developed using attentive listening, appropriate empathy, and genuine respect.
A question such as "Do you consume alcohol?" is an example of a(n) _____ question.
closed-ended
Interviewers use _____ questions when they notice discrepancies or inconsistencies in a client's comments.
confrontation
A(n) _____ interview is a special type of clinical interview designed not only to assess a problem demanding urgent attention, but also to provide immediate intervention for the problem.
crisis
Interviewers who use a _____ style of interviewing get exactly the information they need by asking clients specifically for it.
directive
The _____ style of interviewing gets exactly the information needed by the interviewer by asking the client specific questions.
directive
_____ is what a person can accomplish, while _____ is what a person has accomplished.
intelligence, achievement
Which of the following is TRUE regarding the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales?
is for ages 2-85+, uses different tests for the gifted and for the impaired
A clinical psychologist
must obtain written permission to videotape an interview.
Dr. Young, a clinical psychologist, is conducting an assessment of a client who experienced a head injury in a car accident. She uses the Halstead-Reitan battery to determine impairment of the functioning of specific components or structures of the brain. Dr. Young is conducting _____ testing.
neurophysiological
Interviewers who use a _____ style of interviewing allow the client to determine the course of the interview.
nondirective
Cultural variables are important in the context of a clinical interview. For example, compared to people from North America or Britain, people of Middle Eastern or Latino/Latina cultures tend to
prefer a smaller amount of personal space.
The _____ is a brief neuropsychological screening device that involves copying a single geometric figure with pencils of different colors, as well as a memory component in which clients are asked to reproduce the figure from memory after a delay.
rey-osterreith
Which of the following is NOT true regarding the WIAT?
specific to math, reading, written language and oral language
In recent years, the most prominent structured interview has been _____.
the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 Disorders
In the context of the clinical interview, the term quieting yourself is best described as
the interviewer's efforts to control his own internal, self-directed thinking pattern in order to enhance listening.
The _____ is a recently developed test of intelligence that represents an attempt to measure IQ in a culturally fair way.
universal nonverbal intelligence test
Dr. Brox creates a new assessment technique, the Superior Clinical Interval for Therapists (SCIT). We can say the SCIT has _____ if it measures what it claims to measure. We can say the SCIT has _____ if it yields consistent, repeatable results.
validity, reliability
Effective interviewers are skilled at _____, or repeating key words and phrases back to their clients to ensure the clients that they have been accurately heard.
verbal tracking
The _____ is a memory test that can be used to assess individuals who are suspected to have memory problems due to brain injury, dementia, or substance abuse.
wechsler memory scale WMS
Devlin and Nasar (2012) found that therapists and nonprofessionals asked to rate pictures of offices preferred clinicians' offices that
were orderly, spacious, and contained comfortable seats