Chapter 10. Decision Making and Leadership In Groups

every citizen

A democratic style of leadership means that ______ has the right to participate in decision making.

gives group members little direction and feedback.

A laissez-faire style of leadership

brainstorming

A technique to stimulate creative decision making is called

legitimate referent reward coercive

According to researchers French and Raven, which of the following are forms of power that leaders may exercise?

takes action and makes decisions on behalf of group members.

An autocratic leader

manage

An important skill for a group leader is to ______ conflict.

feel comfortable offering thoughts and sharing opinions.

Brainstorming works well when all members

punish.

Coercive power comes from the ability to

advantageous because group members will be more enthusiastic about the decision. required in some contexts.

Consensus can be

traits

Distinguishing personal characteristics that are often relatively enduring and not easily changeable are called

expertise in a particular area.

Expert power stems from having

referent

Giuseppe is on a committee to plan his company's Christmas party. He is not particularly interested in Christmas or company parties, but he likes and admires the leader of the committee. Which of the following types of power does the leader have?

individualistic

Group members will voice their opinions when they are from ______ cultures.

more deferential to authority.

Groups in high-power-distance cultures are likely to be

monochronic

Groups that tend to use time more efficiently are generally ______ cultures.

independently

Ideawriting is a process in which members of a group work ______, reading other members' ideas and giving feedback in writing.

expert opinion

If a group hires an outside consultant to recommend a course of action, the group is relying on ______ to make the decision.

Western

In ______ cultures people often associate height with dominance, competence, and power.

when someone in the group has legitimate authority over other members

In which of the following cases would authority rule be the best option?

cultural

Individualism, power distance, and time orientation are all ______ contexts that affect decision making.

the ability to control access to information.

Informational power stems from having

group decision making.

Managing conflict constructively is a skill that is particularly important in

tends to use time less efficiently.

Monochronic cultures are more likely to opt for majority rule, minority rule, or authority rule instead of unanimous consensus for making decisions because unanimous consensus

compromising

Of the following styles of dealing with conflict, which one most often leads to the most satisfying outcomes?

relative

One characteristic of power is that it is ______, meaning that people have power only in relation to other people in particular situations.

high-power-distance

People are more deferential to authority when they are from ______ cultures.

legitimate

People exercise _____ power when their status or position gives them the right to make requests with which others must comply.

only when recognized. over particular people.

Powerful people have power

more negative nonverbal

Some research has found that people in groups express ______ reactions towards female leaders than male leaders.

democratic

Tami leads a book club. When it is time to choose a new book to read and discuss, she prefers to hold a vote among all members of the group. Which of the following describes Tami's leadership style?

physical

The body's attributes are referred to as its ______ traits.

independently

The nominal group technique calls for group members to generate their ideas ______ before considering them as a group.

power

To be effective, leaders exercise ______, which is the ability to influence or control people or events.

True

True or false: If a group's priority is to accomplish tasks quickly, the autocratic style is best.

True

True or false: Physically attractive leaders are perceived to be better leaders than less attractive individuals.

True

True or false: The reason why a leader is followed constitutes the form of power that leader has.

are likely to support a decision on which they all agree.

Unanimous consensus can be advantageous because group members

a decision-making technique used by groups.

Unanimous consensus is

self-monitoring self-esteem outgoingness

What are the psychosocial traits that have been found in effective leaders?

reward

When a member of a group successfully does what the leader says, the leader may praise the member, thus exercising ______ power.

majority rule

When more than half of a group votes for one decision, and the group abides by that decision, the group has used ______ to make the decision.

making a list of ideas on their own, working silently.

When using the nominal group technique (NGT), group members start by

coercive

Which form of power comes from the ability to punish?

legitimate

Which form of power is based on rightfully granted status or position?

autocratic

Which leadership style describes a leader who takes action and makes decisions on behalf of the group without input from group members?

democratic

Which leadership style maintains that every group member has the right to participate in decision making?

nominal group technique brainstorming ideawriting

Which of the following are common strategies to generate ideas?

avoiding groupthink listening carefully managing conflict constructively

Which of the following are important decision-making skills for groups and their leaders?

majority rule minority rule

Which of the following are methods groups use to make decisions?

Focus on quantity. Allow piggybacking. Don't criticize.

Which of the following are rules for effective brainstorming?

Taller people are more likely than shorter people to be chosen for leadership positions. Height can influence leadership.

Which of the following are true about height and leadership?

Sex influences how leaders are perceived. Some studies have found that women are viewed less favorably than men as leaders.

Which of the following are true about how the sex of a leader relates to leadership?

Each style has its strengths. Each style functions best under different circumstances.

Which of the following are true about leadership styles?

Traits are often not easily changeable. Self-esteem is a psychosocial trait. Leaders often share specific traits.

Which of the following are true about personal characteristics called traits?

They can be described as the body's attributes. They influence how effective leaders are perceived to be. They influence who is likely to become a leader.

Which of the following are true about physical traits and leaders?

Legitimate power is based on rightfully granted status or position. Reward power is based on the ability to reward for compliance. Expert power stems from having expertise in a particular area.

Which of the following are true about the different forms of power?

Physical appearance influences leadership. Leaders are more likely to be physically attractive.

Which of the following are true about the relationship between physical appearance and leadership?

managing conflict constructively listening carefully avoiding groupthink

Which of the following are useful skills for groups and their leaders?

Group members generate their ideas silently and independently before combining and considering as a group.

Which of the following correctly describes the nominal group technique?

time orientation individualism power distance

Which of the following cultural characteristics affect group decision making?

unanimous consensus

Which of the following decision-making methods is a good option if a group has plenty of time to make a decision?

It involves creating a list of ideas without debating their merits. Its purpose is to generate better and more creative ideas.

Which of the following describe brainstorming?

ideawriting

Which of the following describes a group idea-generating method that encourages members to generate and evaluate their ideas in writing while working independently?

legitimate

Which of the following describes power people exercise when their status or position gives them the right to make requests with which others must comply?

power

Which of the following describes the ability to influence or control people or events?

avoiding

Which of the following describes the conflict style that involves a low concern for both oneself and the other party and ignores the conflict?

accommodating

Which of the following describes the conflict style that reflects a high concern for the other party but a low concern for the self, where the goal is to sacrifice so that the other party wins?

competing

Which of the following describes the conflict style that represents a high concern for one's own needs and desires and a low concern for those of the other party?

minority rule

Which of the following describes the decision-making method used by groups where a small number of members make a decision on behalf of the group?

majority rule

Which of the following describes the decision-making process that follows the will of most of the members in the group?

expert opinion

Which of the following describes the group decision-making option where the group defers to the advice of people with extensive knowledge or experience on the topic?

authority rule

Which of the following describes the group decision-making option where the leader of the group makes the decision?

laissez-faire

Which of the following describes the leadership style that gives group members little direction and feedback and believes people function best with little interference?

unanimous consensus

Which of the following describes uncontested support for a decision?

accommodating avoiding competing compromising

Which of the following have been identified as major strategies individuals use when they engage in conflict?

It requires recognition.

Which of the following is a characteristic of power?

brainstorming

Which of the following is a common technique groups use to generate ideas?

majority rule

Which of the following is a decision-making process commonly used by groups?

nominal

Which of the following is a group technique in which a group generates ideas by first letting members create individual lists silently, then having each member read his or her list aloud to the group?

consensus

Which of the following is a method of group decision making?

Members will voice their opinions.

Which of the following is likely to happen with groups from an individualistic culture?

unbiased source

Which of the following is not a method of decision making used by groups?

stalemate

Which of the following is not a way in which groups generate ideas and make decisions?

extroverted

Which of the following is not one of the identified leadership styles most exhibited by leaders?

to win and beat the other party

Which of the following is the goal for someone engaged in the competing style of conflict?

Authority rule is often the fastest way to make decisions in a group. Time is an important factor in deciding which method to use. Consensus is usually the most time-intensive way to make decisions.

Which of the following is true about group decision making?

Recognizing power is not the same as consenting to be governed.

Which of the following is true about the characteristics of power?

referent power

Which of the following refers to the power of attraction, the idea that we tend to comply with requests being made by people we like, admire, or find attractive?

It is when a small number of members makes a decision for the whole group. It is often used for the sake of efficiency.

Which of the following statements about minority rule in decision making are true?

Power exists within relationships.

Which of the following statements about power and people is true?

No person has absolute power.

Which of the following statements about power is true?

It involves ignoring the conflict and hoping it will go away.

Which of the following statements about the avoiding style of conflict is true?

They exhibit a set of common leadership traits. They have high self-esteem.

Which of the following statements are true of most leaders?

Working through conflict can motivate members to make creative decisions.

Which of the following statements is true about constructive conflict in groups?

brainstorming

Which of the following techniques involves creating a list of ideas without debating the merits of the ideas in order to generate better and more creative ideas?

competing

Which strategy for engaging in conflict is Hildy using if her goal is to stick to her decision until other members agree with her?

Consensus

______ can be defined as unanimous support for a decision.

Expert

______ power describes the power that stems from having experience or training in a particular area.

Informational

______ power is the power that stems from the ability to control access to information.

Reward

______ power operates when a leader offers praise or advancement when members of a group do what the leader says.