Chapter 10 Homework (Chi Square and measures of Association)

Is there a relationship between the race of violent offenders and their victims? Data from the U.S. Department of Justice (2003) are presented in Table 12.6. Table 12.6 Data for the Race of Violent Offenders and the Race of Victims Characteristics of Victim Characteristics of Offender Victim White Black Other White 3,000 483 58 Black 227 2,852 11 Other 51 28 109 Combine the answers in (1) and (2) to calculate the proportional reduction in error or lambda for this table based on the independent variable.

0.7380

Calculate the degrees of freedom? Residence Very Afraid Somewhat Afraid Not Afraid Rural 39 55 68 Urban 56 35 17

2

Based on the expected frequencies you found in number 3 calculate chi-square and round to the second decimal place.

22.8700

Based on the expected frequencies you found in number 7 calculate chi-square and round to the second decimal place.

28.4200

Is there a relationship between the race of violent offenders and their victims? Data from the U.S. Department of Justice (2003) are presented in Table 12.6. Table 12.6 Data for the Race of Violent Offenders and the Race of Victims Characteristics of Victim Characteristics of Offender Victim White Black Other White 3,000 483 58 Black 227 2,852 11 Other 51 28 109 Let's treat race of offenders as the independent variable and race of victims as the dependent variable. If we first ignore the independent variable and try to predict race of victim, how many errors will we make? (Hint: E1= errors of prediction made when the independent variable is ignored).

3278.0000

SPSS problem: Is it better for a man to work and a woman to stay at home? Women and men were asked this question in the GSS 2010 file. Investigate the relationship between marital status (MARITAL) and responses to this question (FEFAM). Have SPSS calculate the Chi-square by clicking on analyze, Descriptive Statistics, and Cross tabs, then on the Statistics button click on chi-square in the upper left corner and then click continue and then okay. What is the value of Chi-square?

36.709

Is there a relationship between the race of violent offenders and their victims? Data from the U.S. Department of Justice (2003) are presented in Table 12.6. Table 12.6 Data for the Race of Violent Offenders and the Race of Victims Characteristics of Victim Characteristics of Offender Victim White Black Other White 3,000 483 58 Black 227 2,852 11 Other 51 28 109 If we now take into account the independent variable, how many errors of prediction will we make for those offenders who are white? Black offenders? Other Offenders? (Hint: E2= errors of prediction made when the prediction is based on the independent variable).

858.0000

Community SES Crime Rich Moderate Poor Total High 10 15 28 53 Moderate 18 26 17 61 Low 24 10 8 42 Total: 52 51 53 156 Calculate the degrees of freedom?

Calculate the degrees of freedom? 4

A researcher is interested in studying the relationship between the socioeconomic status of a community and the crime rate in that community. Here is the data he is working with: Please find and put the expected frequencies for the table below in the spaces provided. Please round to a whole number. Community SES Crime Rich Moderate Poor Total 10 15 28 53 High _____ ______ ______ 18 26 17 61 Moderate ______ ______ _______ 24 10 8 42 Low ______ _____ _______ Total: 52 51 53 156

Community SES Crime Rich Moderate Poor Total 10 15 28 53 High __18___ __17___ ___18___ 18 26 17 61 Moderate __20____ ___20___ ___21___ 24 10 8 42 Low __14____ ___14___ ___14____ Total: 52 51 53 156

Below are the results of a family: tabulation regarding the relationship between location of residence and an individual's fear of being a victim of a violent crime: Please calculate the expected frequencies for the table. Residence Very Afraid Somewhat Afraid Not Afraid 39 55 68 Rural ____ ____ ____ 56 35 17 Urban ____ _____ ____

Residence Very Afraid SomewhatA Not Afraid 39 55 68 Rural _57_ _54_ _51_ 56 35 17 Urban _38_ _36_ _34_

Based on your answers in numbers 3-5 are the results statistically significant? yes no

yes

Based on your answers in numbers 7-9, are the results statistically significant at a .05 level? yes no

yes

SPSS problem: Is it better for a man to work and a woman to stay at home? Women and men were asked this question in the GSS 2010 file. Investigate the relationship between marital status (MARITAL) and responses to this question (FEFAM). Have SPSS calculate the Chi-square by clicking on analyze, Descriptive Statistics, and Cross tabs, then on the Statistics button click on chi-square in the upper left corner and then click continue and then okay. Based on your chi-square are the results statistically significant? yes no

yes