Chapter 10- Intelligence

Using Wechsler's method of calculating IQ, 99% of people have IQs that are ____ standard deviations above and below the mean (average).

3 deviations

Based on Wechsler's IQ test, how many people had an IQ between a 70 and 130?

95%

Lizbeth was writing a paper on the Upper Paleolithic Transition. What would she address in this paper?

A period of time approximately 65¸000 years ago when artifacts indicating culture and human intelligence start to appear in the fossil record.

With regard to general cognitive abilities (g), what is factor analysis?

A statistical procedure that breaks down g into separate clusters of similar abilities

According to Flynn, in today's world we do much more ______ thinking, whereas Luria found that in the early 1900's, people used ____ thinking.

Abstract; concrete

Imagine you are asked to write a brief essay on the flaws in Galton's approach to intelligence. Which of the following would be a justifiable argument?

Although many biological features are normally distributed, it is poor logic to assume that normally distributed traits are necessarily biologically innate.

One explanation of general intelligence is explained by the concept of ________, when a person can focus on and assess a situation.

Apprehension

Most researchers suggest that the heritability ratio for intelligence is

Approximately 60%

Thurstone

Argued that intelligence is made up of 7 factors called primary mental abilities

Jensen made use of which operationalization of processing speed?

Choice reaction time

Which of the following testing methods measures the speed of processing?

Choice reaction time

What area of psychology developed out of the understanding of intelligence using flow charts and conceptualizations of the mind (e.g., how memory is organized)?

Cognitive

Galton

Concept of the normal distribution

The most popular intelligence tests include several types of questions in an attempt to test the different aspects of intelligence. This broad approach should increase the test's _________.

Content validity

Julio is a graduate student at Prestigious U. He plans on studying intelligence and wants to use reaction time as one of his dependent measures. If you are advising Julio, what should you tell him about his outcome measure?

Correlations between reaction time and traditional measures of intelligence are relatively weak.

Which of the following is true regarding measures of reaction time?

Correlations with traditional measures of intelligence are relatively weak.

Susan is trying to determine how many gallons of paint to buy based on the number of square feet that she is painting. The ability to apply previous mathematical skills to solve the current problem would be considered the use of her __________.

Crystallized intelligence

Terman

Demonstrated the validity of the Stanford-Binet test

Social Darwinism misused the teachings of Darwin to develop _______.

Eugenics

The movement to try to improve humanity by sterilizing people of low intelligence was known as

Eugenics

Malcom has always been able to solve problems in school. Even when he was a small child, he seemed to think through questions and answer them more quickly than his classmates. According to Cattell, Malcom's quick reasoning and problem-solving skills are probably evidence of his overall ________.

Fluid intelligence

Anita has always had an ear for music. She often finds she can play a piece flawlessly after only hearing it once. Which of the following models best explains this ability?

Gardner's Multiple Intelligences

Fey is an Olympic figure skater who won the gold medal at the last Olympic games. However, she seems to have real problems when it comes to balancing her budget each month. The theory of intelligence that would best explain Fey's different levels of performance on these tasks is __________.

Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences

Which best explains the heritability of intelligence?

General intelligence is a function of both nature and nurture.

Donald has just attained a fairly low score in a test designed to measure his verbal ability. Based on Thurstone's theory of seven primary intelligences, when he takes a test designed to measure his perceptual speed, you can predict that which of the following will occur?

His score on that test will be independent of his verbal fluency test score

What was the primary problem with Terman's calculation of mental intelligence?

IQ would level off at 16 and the value would decrease as one aged.

Beth was participating in a task where she was asked to make quick decisions on a computer. One question asked her to decide which of two lines is longer. The researcher is most likely interested in her

Inspection time

Alejandro is a charming, charismatic guy. After talking to him for a short time, people often report that they feel as close to him as they do to an old friend. At the age of 21 he was elected the youngest mayor in his city's history and he is considering running for the state senate. Gardner would say Alejandro is likely to score high on which dimension of intelligence?

Interpersonal intelligence

The use of performance tests, such as Raven's progressive matrices, over other traditional methods of measuring IQ is beneficial because

It can be used across cultures and different languages

Dr. Bouser is interested in studying how people who attend U.S. colleges from other countries perform in different majors. One of the measures he intends to collect is a general measure of intelligence. In this case, the Raven's progressive matrices test might be a good choice because:

It is a measure that does not require cultural knowledge to assess intelligence.

Which researcher suggested that perceptual speed is a type of intelligence distinct from other types of intelligence?

L. L. Thurstone

Researchers have examined the effect of interracial adoption and IQ. Data suggest that African-American children reared in economically advantaged households generally have a higher IQ when compared to the national average for African American children. This supports the hypothesis that observed differences in IQ scores between racial and ethnic groups ___________.

May result from environmental differences between the groups

Binet

Measured intelligence across different age groups

Terman calculated IQ using which of the following?

Mental age/chronological age x 100

Which of the following contain the four components of Emotional Intelligence?

Perceiving emotions accurately, emotional facilitation of thought, understanding emotions, and managing emotions

Imagine you are at a party, you overhear a particularly inebriated person bragging that he received a score of 182 on an IQ test. If you felt like being a party pooper you should point out that:

Scores above 160 are not considered particularly reliable and it is unlikely that he would ever receive a score that high

Girls are often told that boys are better at math. Prior to taking an achievement test, female students were told that their scores were important because it was important for the school to show that there were no differences in mathematical ability across genders. How would this likely affect the performance of female students?

Scores of female students would decrease relative to males.

When researching intelligence, who developed the notion of general cognitive ability or gg?

Spearman

Clayton is extremely talented in language and has had a number of his short stories and poems published. However, he can't seem to do well in his chemistry classes; no matter how hard he studies, he can never get higher than a C. The theory of intelligence that would have the most difficulty explaining Clayton's ease with language and difficulty with chemistry is __________.

Spearman's theory of general intelligences

When people take tests designed to measure several different mental abilities, researchers find that the scores for any one individual across tests are highly correlated. Which of the following does this best support?

Spearman's two-factor theory of intelligence

As part of entrance to La Cueva elementary school, all children participate in a standardized IQ test so that the school can know where they should be placed and how to direct resources. It is most likely that the school will use some form o

Stanford-Binet test

Girls are often told that boys are naturally better at math. Prior to taking an achievement test, female students were told that their scores were important because because the school needed to demonstrate that there were no differences in mathematical ability between genders. The concept of _____________ explains why females performance would decrease when reminded of the stereotype prior to taking a test.

Stereotype threat

If a researcher believes g is a legitimate way of understanding intelligence, he/she would point to research showing which of the following?

That measures of g predict academic and job performance

The average IQ of this year's graduating class at El Dorado High School is 115 points. The average IQ of the graduating class from 25 years ago was 105 points, and the average IQ of the graduating class from 50 years ago was 100 points. One explanation for this effect is known as _______.

The Flynn effect

Human intelligence went through a significant increase during what period?

The Upper Paleolithic Transition

The concept that intelligence is malleable means that intelligence level can change.

True

Allania is taking a class on intelligence. Her professor generally takes a cognitive approach to intelligence. Based on what you know, you should tell Allania that the class will most likely include a focus on:

Understanding intelligence using flow charts and conceptualizations of the mind (e.g., how memory is organized)

Raven

Used matrices and shapes to measure intelligence

How did Sir Francis Galton purport to measure differences in abilities?

Using multiple physiological measures

Karandeep is participating in a test to assess her intelligence. She is told that instead of testing cultural knowledge, performance on these tests rely on her ability to detect patterns and use that information to answer questions. It is most probable that she is taking a:

WAIS

General intelligence is most strongly associated with which form of memory?

Working memory

direction, adaption, criticism

ability to know and complete a task, ability to create strategies for implementing knowledge, ability to find error in ones thinking

The racial difference in IQ score may reflect what factors other than intelligence? Select all that apply.

stereotype threat, mindset

Galton's multiple physiological measures were found to be ________ to/with school performance.

unrelated