Chapter 10: Mollusks, Arthropods, & Echinoderms

Some flies have a ______-____ mouthpart that they use to lap up decaying flesh. A butterfly's mouthparts are shaped like a ____ _____, which can be uncoiled and used like a drinking straw to suck up nectar from flowers. Most ants have _____-______ mouthparts that can cut through seeds, wood, and other foods.

1. sponge-like 2. coiled tube 3.sharp-edged

In fact, insects eat about __ percent of crops grown for humans.

20

A single swallow chick, for example, may consume about _____ insects before it leaves the nest.

200,000

What do the small holes outside of the abdomen lead to?

A system of tubes inside the insect that allow air, which contains oxygen, to enter the body.

What is one way insects are adapted to obtain particular types of food?

An insect's mouthparts are adapted for a highly specific way of getting food.

How do insects begin life?

As tiny, hard-shelled, fertilized eggs.

What are the alternative to pesticides?

Biologists are using their knowledge of insect ecology to develop new pest controls.

How can you identify insects?

By counting their body sections and legs.

What are two types of metamorphosis that insects undergo?

Each insect species undergoes either complete metamorphosis or gradual metamorphosis.

What is the name of the phylum?

Echinodermata

What are the main characteristics of echinoderms?

Echinoderms are invertebrates with an internal skeleton and a system of fluid-filled tubes called a water vascular system.

Where do the tube feet stick out?

From the echinoderm's sides or underside.

What are the three body sections?

Head, thorax, and abdomen

What are the main characteristics of insects?

Insects are arthropods with 3 body sections, 6 legs, one pair of antennae, and usually one or two pairs of wings.

By flying, insects can do what?

Insects can travel long distances to find mates, food, and new places to live and also enables them to escape from predators.

Why are insects important in food chains?

Insects play key roles in food chains because of many different ways that they obtain food and they become food for other animals.

What does malaria cause and how can it be treated?

It causes high fevers and can be treated with medicines today.

How does a sea star eat a clam?

It will grasp a clam with all five arms, then it pulls on the tightly closed shells with its tube feet. When the shells open, the sea star forces its stomach out through its mouth and into the opening between the clam's shells. Digestive chemical break down the clam's tissues and the sea star sucks in the partially digested body of its prey.

What is one example of a biological control and what does it do?

Ladybugs which eat other insects, have been introduced to some areas where crops grow to control aphids, tiny insects that damage plants by sucking plant sap.

Most insects have small simple eyes that can distinguish between _____ and ________.

Light and darkness

In some _____ villages, dried grasshoppers are ground up and mixed with flour to make tortillas.

Mexican

Insects that spread diseases include some _____ and _____.

Mosquitos and fleas

______ ______ cover and protect their bodies, so they look something like a pincushion.

Moveable spines

What are harmful insects called?

Pests

As a pupa, the insect is enclosed in a what?

Protective covering

What are the major groups of echinoderms?

The four major groups of echinoderms are sea stars, brittle stars, sea urchins, and sea cucumbers.

The insect's sense organs, like the eyes and the antennae, are located where?

The head

What is inside the abdomen?

The insect's internal organs.

What does a bee have for food?

The plant's nectar and pollen

How does larvae look like?

They usually look like worms.

What are some ways used to control insect pests?

To try to control pests, people use chemicals, traps, and living things, including other insects.

Insects usually have ___ large compound eyes that contain many lenses, which are structures that focus light to form images. They are keen at seeing movement.

Two

What are two other ways insects interact with their environments?

Two ways insects interact with other living things are by moving pollen among other plants and by spreading disease-causing organisms.

Most species of insects can fly once they're _______.

adults

To move, sea urchins use ________ of tube feet that extend out between the spines.

bands

What are some insects that undergo complete metamorphosis?

beetles, butterflies, flies, and ants

The thorn insect is a master of __________.

camouflage

The tube feet, which have no suction cups, are used for _______ ________ but not for moving.

catching food

Some consumers, like _______, eat producers, and some eat other consumers.

caterpillars

Pollen contains _____ that become sperm cells, allowing plants to reproduce.

cells

Sea cucumbers have rows on their underside, enabling them to _______ slowly along the ocean floor where they live.

crawl

Larvae are specialized for ______ and _______.

eating and growing

What are the four stages of complete metamorphosis?

egg, larva, pupa, adult

The sea cucumber, which is a _______ ________, can lengthen its tentacles to sweep food toward its mouth.

filter feeder

Many _____ and ______ eat insects to survive.

fishes and birds

They scrape and cut their food, such as seaweed, with _______ teeth like structures that they project from their mouths.

five

What are some insects that undergo gradual metamorphosis?

grasshoppers, termites, cockroaches, and dragonflies

What is an endoskeleton made of?

hardened plates that give the animal a bumpy texture

Where do echinoderms live?

in salt water

Moths, caterpillars, plant hoppers, dragonflies, cockroaches, and bees are all _______.

insects

Insects are the only ________ that can fly.

invertebrates

The fertilized eggs develop into tiny, swimming _____ that look very different from the adults.

larvae

Some insects eat the ___ of plants, while others eat the sap, bark, roots, and other parts of plants.

leaves

If it's _____ or if it once was_____, some kind of insect will eat it.

living

How are the brittle star's arms?

long and slender, with flexible joints

Diseases that are carried by insects include ______, which is spread by mosquitos.

malaria

What do some insects eat? Another word for animal droppings.

manure

Sea urchins have ________ arms.

no

What do pesticides also kill?

pollinators, such as bees, and can harm other animals

Sea stars are ______ that eats mollusks, crabs, and even other echinoderms.

predators

What type of symmetry do echinoderms have?

radial symmetry

What colors can sea cucumbers be?

red, brown, blue, or green

Without pollinators, some plants cannot _______.

reproduce

What is another example of an echinoderm?

sand dollars

These spines cover a central ______ that is made of plates joined together.

shells

Underneath their leather-like skin, their bodies are ______, _______,_______.

soft, flexible, and muscular

At one end of a sea cucumber is a mouth surrounded by ________.

tentacles

In some tropical food chains, ______ may break down up to one third of dead wood, leaves, and grass produced there every year.

termites

What does the stickiness and suction enable to do?

to grip the surface beneath the echinoderm

How to echinoderms use their tube feet?

to move along slowly and to capture food

One such control is a ___ that attracts mosquitos in a way similar to how humans attract mosquitos.

trap

Another control is to surround crops with _____ _____ that are bad-tasting or even poisonous to harmful insects.

wild plants

Insects eat most species of ___ ____.

wild plants