Chapter 10 : nervous system: nervous tissue and brain

Ependymal cells are a. Motor neurons b. Myelinated c. Concerned with the secretion of cerebrospinal fluid d. Meninges

C

Excessive opioids (narcotics) depress the medulla oblongata and therefore cause a. Parkinson's disease. b. blindness. c. respiratory depression. d. hypertension.

C

Which of the following is least descriptive of Broca's area? a. Located in the frontal lobe b. Concerned with motor speech c. Most often located in the left cerebral hemisphere d. Is a brain stem structure

D

What is the name of clusters of cell bodies that are located outside the central nervous system? a. Glia b. Nodes of Ranvier c. Nuclei d. Ganglia

D

What makes white matter "white"? a. Cell bodies b. Neurotransmitters c. Synapses d. Myelin

D

Which is true of both the occipital and temporal lobes? Both a. are anterior to the central sulcus. b. are concerned exclusively with motor activity. c. are brain stem structures. d. are cerebral lobes.

D

Which of the following "brain claims" is true? a. The medulla oblongata is the upper part of the diencephalon. b. The hypothalamus is a brain stem structure. c. The medulla oblongata performs the "executive functions." d. The midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata are infratentorial structures.

D

Which of the following contains cerebrospinal fluid? a. Central sulcus b. Precentral gyrus c. Broca's area d. Subarachnoid space

D

With regard to the action potential, a. the efflux of K+ causes repolarization. b. movement from the resting membrane potential to threshold potential is due to the outward leak of K+. c. the Na+/K+ pump is responsible for repolarization. d. both depolarization and repolarization are due to an influx of Na+.

A

Antiemetic drugs a. dissolve any blood clots in the vomiting center. b. can affect the vomiting center and CTZ to relieve nausea and vomiting. c. induce vomiting in a person who ingests poison. d. reverse narcotic-induced respiratory depression.

B

CSF circulates through all of the following structures except the a. Subarachnoid space b. Foramen magnum c. Fourth ventricle d. Cerebral aqueduct

B

A supratentorial brain tumor is a. always malignant. b. superior to the cerebral cortex. c. a brain stem tumor. d. superior to the tentorium cerebelli.

D

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) a. is formed by the choroid plexus. b. circulates around the CNS within the subarachnoid space. c. does not normally contain blood. d. All of the above are true

D

The medulla oblongata descends as the a. diencephalons. b. hypothalamus. c. cerebellum. d. spinal cord.

D

This structure is part of the diencephalon; it regulates the anterior pituitary gland, water balance, appetite, body temperature, and the autonomic nervous system. a. Cerebellum b. Pons c. Medulla oblongata d. Hypothalamus

D

To which of the following are the words blood-brain barrier and glia most related? a. Saltatory conduction b. Nodes of Ranvier c. Action potentials d. Astrocytes

D

Broca's area a. is concerned with motor speech. b. allows a person to hear and interpret sound. c. is located in the temporal lobe. d. coordinates eye movements, as in scanning a page in a book.

A

Endorphins are a. natural morphine-like substances that can reduce anxiety and induce a sense of well-being. b. energy sources much like ATP. c. secreted by the choroid plexus and circulated within the subarachnoid space. d. waste products generated by depolarizing neurons.

A

Frontal eye fields a. perform a motor role regarding the eyes. b. receive sensory information from the optic nerve. c. allow a person to interpret visual information. d. determine the color of the eyes.

A

LOC a. is an important assessment of a patient's condition. b. refers to Lack Of Consciousness. c. cannot be affected by drugs or hypoxemia. d. is a stage of NREM sleep.

A

Parkinson's disease a. is caused by a deficiency of dopamine within the basal ganglia. b. refers to any increase in intracranial pressure. c. is a demyelinating disease. d. is caused by a slow cerebral bleeding episode.

A

The astrocytes a. support and protect the neurons and help form the blood-brain barrier. b. secrete myelin. c. secrete cerebrospinal fluid. d. are concentrated within the choroid plexus.

A

The chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) a. sends information to the emetic center in the medulla oblongata. b. is called the vital center. c. is located in the precentral gyrus. d. is part of the visual cortex.

A

The choroid plexus a. is the site where cerebrospinal fluid is formed. b. is part of the internal carotid artery. c. drains cerebrospinal fluid from the subarachnoid space. d. All of the above are true.

A

The corpus callosum a. connects the right and left hemispheres. b. connects the hypothalamus to the posterior pituitary gland. c. lines the cerebral ventricles. d. connects the brain stem to the cerebellum.

A

The emetic center a. receives information from the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ). b. is located in the vertebra prominens. c. is the target of antipyretics. d. All of the above are true.

A

The pituitary gland is connected to a. the hypothalamus. b. the medulla oblongata. c. the corpus callosum. d. Broca's area.

A

The precentral gyrus a. is located in the frontal lobe. b. is the primary visual cortex. c. contains the primary somatosensory area. d. is called the vital center.

A

The precentral gyrus a. is the primary motor area. b. is located in the parietal lobe. c. is called the vital center. d. contains the medulla oblongata.

A

The resting neuron a. is polarized b. has an internal (+) charge. c. has an internal negativity because of the outward leak of Na+. d. has an internal negativity because of the inward leak of K+.

A

Which of the following best describes the tentorium? a. Extension of the dura mater b. Lining of the cerebral ventricles and central canal c. Another name for the arachnoid mater d. Another name for the corpus callosum

A

Which of the following is true of the diencephalon? a. Contains the thalamus and hypothalamus b. Is a brain stem structure c. Contains the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata d. Is called the vital center

A

Which of the following is true of the occipital lobe? a. Contains the primary visual cortex b. Is a brain stem structure c. Is responsible for all signals sent along the pyramidal tract d. Contains the emetic center

A

Which of the following structures bring information toward the cell body? a. Dendrites b. Axons c. Nodes of Ranvier d. Axon terminals

A

Which of the following structures contains the precentral gyrus, Broca's area, and the primary motor cortex? a. Frontal lobe b. Cerebellum c. Temporal lobe d. Parietal lobe

A

Neuroglia a. are confined to the peripheral nervous system. b. include astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, Schwann cells, and ependymal cells. c. fire action potentials when stimulated. d. All of the above are true.

B

Opioid-induced depression of the medulla oblongata is most likely to a. cause skeletal muscle paralysis. b. depress respiratory activity. c. decrease the synthesis of cerebrospinal fluid. d. induce a motor aphasia.

B

Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes a. are sensory neurons. b. synthesize myelin sheath of neurons in the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves. c. synthesize all neurotransmitters in the CNS. d. generate and conduct action potentials.

B

The cerebral spinal fluid a. is produced by the corpus callosum. b. cushions the brain, delivers nutrients to the brain, and removes wastes. c. circulates between the cranium and the brain. d. is secreted by the astrocytes.

B

The frontal, temporal, occipital, and parietal lobes form the a. brain stem. b. cerebrum. c. cerebellum. d. reticular formation.

B

The gaze center a. is located in the postcentral gyrus. b. enables the eyes to track an object. c. is part of the primary auditory cortex. d. enables the brain to ignore repetitive background noise.

B

The midbrain, pons, and referred to as the a. diencephalons. b. brain stem. c. limbic system. d. emotional brain.

B

The nodes of Ranvier a. are located along the postsynaptic membrane. b. increase the speed of the action potential. c. synthesize the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. d. store ACh in tiny vesicles.

B

The postcentral gyrus a. is the primary visual cortex. b. is located in the parietal lobe. c. contains the primary motor cortex. d. performs the "executive" functions.

B

The primary somatosensory area and the primary motor area are separated by a. Broca's area. b. the central sulcus. c. the pia mater. d. the longitudinal fissure.

B

What happens when the resting nerve is stimulated to threshold potential? a. The efflux of K+ restores the resting membrane potential. b. An action potential fires. c. The Na+/K+ pump further depolarizes the cell. d. The membrane permeability to Na+ decreases.

B

What is the function of the ependymal cells of the choroid plexus? a. Synthesize neurotransmitters such as ACh b. Form cerebrospinal fluid c. Phagocytose debris d. Secrete myelin

B

Which group is incorrect? a. Lobes of the cerebrum: frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal b. Parts of the brain stem: cerebrum, pons, medulla oblongata c. Divisions of the nervous system: central nervous system, peripheral nervous system d. Electrical events: depolarization, repolarization, action potential

B

Which group is incorrect? a. Parts of the brain: cerebrum, diencephalon, brain stem, cerebellum b. Meninges: pia mater, corpus callosum, dura mater c. Protective structures of the CNS: bone, meninges, cerebrospinal fluid, blood-brain barrier d. Types of glia: astrocytes, ependymal cells, oligodendrocytes, microglia

B

Which of the following best describes the arachnoid mater? a. Limbic system b. Meninges c. Blood-brain barrier d. Cranium

B

Which of the following best illustrates cerebral lateralization? a. Narcotics depress medullary respiratory activity. b. In most people speech is a left hemisphere function. c. The precentral gyrus is motor, while the postcentral gyrus is sensory. d. The occipital lobe receives sensory information from both eyes.

B

Which of the following is least related to basal nuclei? a. Dopamine-secreting cells b. Bands of white matter that connect the right and left cerebral hemispheres c. Deficit: Parkinson's disease d. Deficit: shaking palsy

B

Which of the following is least true of the term REM? a. The most obvious characteristic is rapid eye movements. b. The key to restorative sleep is the elimination of REM. c. Most dreaming occurs during REM sleep. d. Characterized by fluctuations in blood pressure, heart rate, and rhythm.

B

Which of the following is most descriptive of the nodes of Ranvier? a. Neurotransmitter-storing vesicles in the axon terminals b. Exposed (unmyelinated) axonal membrane c. Enlargements formed by a concentration of Schwann cells d. Patches of blood vessels called the choroid plexus

B

Which of the following is the convolution located on the frontal lobe just anterior to the central sulcus? a. Broca's area b. Primary motor area c. Somatosensory area d. Visual cortex

B

Which of the following is the middle layer of the meninges and looks like a spiderweb? a. Dura mater b. Arachnoid mater c. Pia mater d. Reticular formation

B

Which of the following is true of myelination? a. Occurs only at the nodes of Ranvier b. Increases the speed of the action potential along the axon c. Is responsible for the gray appearance of gray matter d. Increases the synthesis of neurotransmitters

B

Which structure is called the lateral, third, and fourth? a. Meninges b. Ventricles c. Cerebral lobes d. Parts of the brain stem

B

Which structure plays a key role in personality development and emotional and behavioral expression and carries out the "executive" functions? a. Cerebellum b. Frontal lobe c. Basal ganglia d. Medulla oblongata

B

With regard to an action potential, the rapid efflux of K+ a. raises the resting membrane potential to threshold potential. b. restores the internal negativity of the neuron. c. causes depolarization. d. All of the above are true.

B

With which of the following is the parietal lobe most associated? a. Precentral gyrus b. Somatosensory area c. Motor speech area d. "Executive" functions

B

What is the name of the enzyme that destroys acetylcholine? a. Dopamine b. ACh c. Acetylcholinesterase d. Norepinephrine

C

A person is admitted to the ER following an auto accident. He has suffered a transsection of the spinal cord at C3. Which statement is true? a. All sensation below C3 is intact; motor function is lost. b. All motor function below C3 is lost; sensation is intact. c. He is ventilator dependent; all sensory and motor activity below C3 is lost. d. He is hemiplegic.

C

In which cerebral lobe is Broca's area located? a. Parietal b. Occipital c. Frontal d. temporal

C

Injury to the occipital lobe is most likely to cause a. hearing loss. b. paralysis. c. loss of vision. d. disturbances in gait.

C

Myelination of the axon a. protects the neuron from wear and tear. b. waterproofs the axon from cerebrospinal fluid. c. increases the speed of the nerve impulse along the axon. d. keeps the axon warm so that it is sensitive to stimulation.

C

The corpus callosum a. is composed of gray matter. b. is one of the meningeal layers. c. connects the right and left cerebral hemispheres. d. is the stalk that connects the hypothalamus with the pituitary gland.

C

The depression between the convolutions of the cerebrum is called a a. pons. b. gyrus. c. sulcus. d. corpus callosum.

C

The emetic center and the CTZ a. are frontal lobe structures. b. are located within the floor of the fourth ventricle. c. are concerned with vomiting. d. receive sensory input only from a distended stomach.

C

The inside of the unstimulated neuron is negative; this electrical charge is caused by the outward leak of potassium and is called a. depolarization. b. the action potential. c. the resting membrane potential. d. the refractory period.

C

The phases of the action potential (nerve impulse) are a. excitatory and inhibitory. b. sensory and motor. c. depolarization and repolarization. d. dendrites and axons.

C

The purpose of the Na+/K+-ATPase pump in the neuronal membrane is to a. depolarize the membrane. b. repolarize the membrane. c. establish the Na+ and K+ gradients necessary for the development of an action potential. d. secrete myelin.

C

The repolarizing phase of the action potential a. means that the inside of the cell is becoming more positive. b. is caused by the movement of sodium (Na+) into the cell. c. is caused by the movement of potassium (K+) out of the cell. d. is caused by the Na+/K+ pump located in the membrane.

C

The temporal lobe a. is a brain stem structure. b. is a cerebellar structure. c. contains the primary auditory cortex. d. is a large mass of white matter that joins the right and left cerebral hemispheres.

C

Wernicke's area a. is a frontal lobe structure. b. is the vomiting center. c. translates thought into words. d. is located within Broca's area.

C

What is the fatty insulating material that surrounds the axons? a. Glia b. Choroid plexus c. Myelin d. Sarcolemma

C

What is the function of the arachnoid villi? a. Secretion of CSF from the blood within the dural sinuses into the subarachnoid space b. Phagocytosis of germ-laden CSF c. Diffusion of CSF from the subarachnoid space into the blood within the dural sinuses d. Synthesis of myelin sheath

C

What is the name of the first phase of the action potential that is caused by the inward movement of sodium? a. Repolarization b. Refractory period c. Depolarization d. Saltatory conduction

C

What is the name of the motor speech area located in the frontal lobe? a. The brain stem b. The pons c. Broca's area d. The diencephalon

C

What is the name of the space between the axon of one neuron and the dendrite of a second neuron? a. Vesicle b. Cell body c. Synapse d. Node of Ranvier

C

What term describes the hopping of the action potential (nerve impulse) along the axon from one node (of Ranvier) to the next? a. Myelination b. Depolarization c. Saltatory conduction d. Repolarization

C

Which branching structures carry information toward the cell body of a neuron? a. Synapses b. Axons c. Dendrites d. Nodes of Ranvier

C

Which of the following best describes the location of arachnoid villi? a. Sitting within the choroid plexus b. Lining the central sulcus c. Protruding into the dural sinuses from the subarachnoid space d. Protruding from the dural sinuses into the subarachnoid space

C

Which of the following best describes the primary visual cortex and the primary auditory cortex? a. Choroid plexus and central canal b. Infratentorial and supratentorial c. Occipital and temporal d. Precentral gyrus and postcentral gyrus

C

Which of the following describes cerebral lateralization? a. Sensory and motor b. Afferent and efferent c. Right brain and left brain d. Neuronal and neuroglial

C

Which of the following is a consequence of a blocked cerebral aqueduct within the fetal brain? a. Meningitis b. Spina bifida c. Hydrocephalus d. Microcephalia

C

Which of the following is located within the subarachnoid space? a. Blood b. Lymph c. Cerebrospinal fluid d. Cytoplasm

C

Which of the following is most related to "saltatory conduction"? a. Dendrites b. Choroid plexus c. Nodes of Ranvier d. Astrocytes

C

Which of the following is the type of nervous tissue that conducts a nerve impulse? a. Astrocyte b. Neuroglia c. Neuron d. Ependymal cell

C

Which of the following is true of the ependymal cells? a. Form the tentorium cerebelli b. Secrete dopamine c. Are part of the choroid plexus and secrete CSF d. Are myelinated and are responsible for the white appearance of the corpus callosum

C

Which of the following relationships is true? a. Temporal lobe: Broca's area b. Frontal lobe: somatosensory (touch, pressure, pain) c. Precentral gyrus: motor homunculus d. Temporal lobe: vital center

C

Which of the following structures is most associated with "wake up"? a. Broca's area b. Cerebellum c. Reticular activating system d. Thalamus

C

Which word best describes the precentral gyrus? a. Olfactory b. Visual c. Motor d. Language

C

the pituitary gland sits beneath the a. medulla oblongata b. brain stem. c. hypothalamus. d. cerebellum.

C

In an adult an increased intracranial pressure may a. cause a downward displacement of the brain stem. b. cause herniation of the medulla oblongata through the foramen magnum. c. cause sudden respiratory arrest and death. d. All of the above are true.

D

Neurotransmitters a. are released by the presynaptic axon terminals into the synapse. b. are stored within the axon terminals. c. are responsible in part for communication at the synapses. d. All of the above are true.

D

The "maters" a. are membranes that are restricted to the cranial cavity. b. are tough connective tissue membranes. c. are motor neurons. d. are meninges.

D

The corpus callosum a. connects the medulla oblongata and the spinal cord. b. is a band of gray matter that lines the ventricles. c. is the point at which all motor fibers decussate. d. connects the right and left cerebral hemispheres.

D

The hypothalamus a. is superior to the brain stem. b. controls the pituitary gland. c. is also considered a gland because it secretes releasing hormones. d. All of the above are true.

D

The medulla oblongata descends into the vertebral cavity through the a. corpus callosum. b. obturator foramen. c. central canal. d. foramen magnum.

D

The medulla oblongata is a. an infratentorial structure. b. located in the brain stem. c. sensitive to the effects of opioids (narcotics). d. all of the above.

D

The neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine (ACh) are stored within the a. tips of the dendrites. b. cell body. c. postsynaptic receptors. d. axon terminals.

D

The occipital lobe a. is a brain stem structure. b. performs the "executive" functions. c. is called the vital center. d. contains the primary visual cortex.

D

The postcentral gyrus a. is a temporal lobe structure. b. contains the primary visual cortex. c. is a brain stem structure. d. performs a sensory role.

D

The postcentral gyrus a. is located in the frontal lobe. b. controls voluntary motor activity. c. sends all its information to the occipital lobe. d. contains the somatosensory area.

D

The surface of the cerebrum is folded into elevations that resemble speed bumps; these speed bumps are called a. fissures. b. sulci. c. foramen. d. convolutions, or gyri.

D

There are four major areas of the brain: the cerebrum, diencephalon, brain stem, and a. hypothalamus. b. medulla oblongata. c. limbic system. d. cerebellum.

D

Which of the following is least true of the reticular formation? a. Extends from the brain stem into the cerebral cortex b. Contains the RAS c. Nuclei within the reticular formation include the gaze center d. Also known as the emotional brain ANS: D

D

Which of the following is not descriptive of the medulla oblongata? a. Brain stem structure b. Vital center c. Control of respirations d. "Executive" function

D

Which of the following is true of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)? a. Is formed from the blood within the dural sinuses b. Is formed across the walls of the arachnoid villi and is drained by the choroid plexi c. Contains water, electrolytes, and blood d. Circulates within the subarachnoid space and central canal

D

Which structure is also called the emotional brain? a. Cerebellum b. Basal ganglia c. Medulla oblongata d. Limbic system

D