Chapter 10 Practice Test

The largest proportion of farmers in Asia practice A) intensive subsistence. B) plantation agriculture. C) hunting and gathering. D) shifting cultivation. E) pastoral nomadism.

A) Intensive subsistence

The decline in the amount of farmland can best be described as a consequence of A) urban sprawl. B) climate change. C) push/pull economic factors. D) demographic transition.

A) Urban sprawl

In Maryland, soil preservationists produced a new composite map by combining in their GIS A) soil quality, environmental, and economic maps. B) maps on soil quality and proximity to market. C) dry harvest climate, wet harvest climate, climate change, and soil maps. D) maps on habitat for endangered species. E) soil quality, environmental, and political maps.

A. soil quality, environmental, and economic maps

________ model is used by geographers to explain the importance of proximity to the market in the choice of crops to the commercial farm. A) von Thünen's B) Whittlesey's C) Iqbel's D) McKinley's E) von Helsing's

A. von Thünen

Farmers in more developed and less developed countries share which of the following problems? A) access to fertilizers B) inadequate income C) lack of equipment D) surplus production E) the declining importance of world markets

B. inadequate income

The primary factor in von Thünen's model for choosing commercial farm products is A) land price. B) market location. C) climate. D) soil character. E) labor cost.

B. market location

An important agricultural hearth is A) South America. B) northern China. C) Southeast Asia. D) Ethiopia. E) all of the above

E) All of the above

Which is a characteristic of shifting cultivation? A) Land is cleared by tractors or large work crews. B) Debris is mulched to provide the soil with nutrients. C) A new site is designated every 50 years. D) Swiddens not under cultivation are used for mining operations. E) A new site is designated every few years.

E. A new site is designed every few years

Pigs were domesticated in A) Southeast Asia. B) South America. C) Ethiopia. D) northern China. E) Southwest Asia

E. Southwest Asia

Vegetative planting probably originated in A) northern China. B) Southwest Asia. C) Ethiopia. D) Southeast Asia. E) all of the above

D) Southeast Asia

The term swidden refers to a plot of land formed by what type of agriculture?

Slash and burn

Pastoral nomads are distinguished from other forms of subsistence farmers by all but which of the following? A) They consume animals rather than grain. B) They obtain grain through trade. C) They occupy dry lands. D) All of the above distinguish pastoral nomadism.

They consume animals rather than grain.

Which type of agriculture occupies the largest percentage of the world's land area? A) dairying B) intensive subsistence C) shifting cultivation D) pastoral nomadism E) livestock ranching

c) shifting cultivation

The number of farms in the United States declined from about 6 million in 1940 to ________ in 1980. A) 2 million B) 5.5 million C) 10 million D) 1 million E) 20,000

A. 2 million

Geographer Derwent Whittlesey divided the world into agricultural regions (not including his area of nonexistent agriculture), ________ of which were classified as found in MDCs and ________ as found in LDCs. A) 6; 5 B) 1; 10 C) 8; 11 D) 10; 1 E) 11; 1

A. 6; 5

The United States had about 60 percent fewer farms and ________ percent fewer farmers in 2000 than in 1900. A) 85 B) 52 C) 15 D) 25 E) 99

A. 85

The earliest known domesticated squash crops are thought to have originated in the Americas more than A) 9,000 years ago. B) 90,000 years ago. C) 1.1 million years ago. D) 900 years ago. E) 10 million years ago.

A. 9,000 years ago

In the United States many farms are integrated into a large food production industry. This is known as A) agribusiness. B) commercial farming. C) food processing. D) mechanized farming. E) mixed crop and livestock farming.

A. agribusiness

In the winter wheat area of the U.S., the crop is planted in A) autumn and harvested in summer. B) winter and harvested in spring. C) winter and harvested in autumn. D) spring and harvested in summer. E) spring and harvested in autumn.

A. autumn and harvested in the summer

Which of the following is least likely to be produced in Mediterranean agriculture? A) butter B) fruits C) grapes D) olives E) cereals

A. butter

According to the von Thünen model, timber production was located in the second ring from the city because of what factor? A) labor intense harvesting methods B) product weight C) need for a vast area D) perishability E) delivery time

B) Product weight

Commercial agriculture is distinguished from subsistence agriculture by all but which of the following? A) output consumed on the farm B) heavy use of machinery C) low percentage of farmers in the labor force D) farm size E) surplus production

A) output consumed on the farm

Geographer Derwent Whittlesey divided the world into ________ agricultural regions (not including his area of nonexistent agriculture). A) 11 B) 12 C) 5 D) 3 E) 16

A. 11

The earliest known domesticated wheat, barley, and rice crops are thought to have originated in Asia about A) 10,000 years ago. B) 100,000 years ago. C) 1.1 million years ago. D) 1,000 years ago. E) 10 million years ago.

A. 10,000 years ago

Which is not a form of subsistence agriculture? A) Mediterranean B) shifting cultivation C) pastoral nomadism D) intensive E) All of the above are forms of subsistence agriculture.

A. Mediterranean

The different areas of the world where Mediterranean agriculture predominates have similar A) climate. B) cultural beliefs. C) broad expanses of flat land along sea coasts. D) social customs. E) levels of livestock production with the mixed crop and livestock regions.

A. climate

Farming varies around the world because of ________ across space. A) cultural and environmental factors B) cultural and economic factors C) farmers' personal preference and environmental factors D) weather and climate E) climate change

A. cultural and environmental factors

Von Thünen's model can best be used to explain the location of which of the following types of agriculture? A) dairying in the Northeast United States B) ranching in the dry lands of North Africa C) shifting cultivation in the tropics of South America D) intensive subsistence in South China E) mediterranean agriculture in central Chile

A. dairying in the Northeast United States

To increase crop yields, farmers in South China commonly practice A) double cropping. B) transhumance. C) threshing. D) pastoral nomadism. E) shifting cultivation.

A. double cropping

Shifting cultivation is most commonly found in which climate region? A) humid low-latitude B) dry C) warm mid-latitude D) cold mid-latitude E) highlands

A. humid low-latitude

Afghanistan is important to the world drug trade primarily because A) it produces about 90 percent of the world's opium. B) U.S. troops consume most of the opium grown there. C) of the inability to grow maize. D) of the proximity of the Russian market for illicit drugs. E) of the desire of local farmers to fund terrorist organizations.

A. it produces about 90 percent of the world's opum

Which of the following is the most common form of commercial agriculture in Europe? A) mixed crop and livestock farming B) dairy farming C) grain farming D) livestock ranching E) Mediterranean agriculture

A. mixed crop and livestock farming

The decline in the number of farmers in MDCs can best be described as a consequence of A) push/pull economic factors, including the lack of opportunity in rural areas and higher-paying jobs in urban areas. B) urban sprawl, including the development of rings of suburbs and exurbs around major metropolitan areas, which required larger amounts of farm production. C) push/pull economic factors, including greater opportunities in rural areas and lower-paying jobs in urban areas. D) the increase of populations in urban areas and the reduced population in rural areas. E) the spread of disease and starvation in rural areas, which quickly reduced the populations of farmers.

A. push/pull economic factors, including the lack of opportunity in rural areas and higher-paying jobs in urban areas

The direction and frequency of hunter-gatherer migration depended on A) the movement of game and the seasonal growth of plants. B) the shifting of climate patterns. C) the arrival of imperial armies and other invading forces. D) each group's size and the ability to run over long distances. E) mathematical processes.

A. the movement of game ad the seasonal growth of plants

Farmers in LDCs choose to grow drug crops for export primarily because of A) their market value in MDCs. B) their proximity to local markets. C) their inability to grow maize. D) their disdain for the freedoms enjoyed by developed countries. E) their desire to fund terrorist organizations.

A. their market value in MDCs

Only about 15 million people are nomads, but they sparsely occupy 49) ______ A) 50 percent of the undifferentiated highlands. B) 20 percent of the earth's land area. C) 10 percent of the earth's land area. D) most of the tropical regions of the earth. E) most of the islands of the south Pacific.

B) 20 percent of the earth's land area

Farmland preservationists traditionally define prime farmland based only on A) proximity to market. B) soil quality. C) dry harvest climate. D) habitat for endangered species.

B) soil quality

Hunting and gathering societies A) include about 15 percent of the world's people. B) are found in isolated places in the world. C) are characterized by large concentrations of people. D) occur nearly everywhere but are especially common in Europe. E) are responsible for most of the environmental degradation of the planet.

B. are found in isolated places in the world

Pastoral nomadism is most commonly found in which climate region? A) humid low-latitude B) dry C) warm mid-latitude D) cold mid-latitude E) polar

B. dry

Which type of agriculture is found primarily in less developed countries? A) Mediterranean B) plantation C) truck farming D) commercial gardening E) mechanized

B. plantation

After maize, the most important crop in the U.S. mixed crop and livestock region is A) wheat. B) soybeans. C) barley. D) fruits and vegetables. E) sugar beets.

B. soybeans

Less developed countries generate funds to promote development through A) adopting shifting cultivation. B) bartering with urban residents. C) selling export crops. D) feeding the rapidly growing population. E) encouraging traditional subsistence agriculture.

C) Selling crops

Shifting cultivation is primarily practiced in climate region A, which is characterized by A) moderate temperatures and abundant rainfall. B) low temperatures and low rainfall. C) high temperatures and abundant rainfall. D) high temperatures and moderate rainfall. E) low temperatures and abundant rainfall.

C) high temperatures and abundant rainfall

17. Shifting cultivation is a form of agriculture criticized for all but which of the following reasons? A) It destroys natural resources such as forests. B) It causes soil erosion and depletion of nutrients. C) It upsets the ecology through the use of fertilizers. D) It consumes a lot of land to feed a small number of people.

C. It upsets the ecology through the use of fertilizers.

The most important reason why most farmers in northeast China grow crops other than wet rice is A) cultural preference. B) tradition. C) climate. D) soil. E) harvesting wet rice requires expensive machinery.

C. climate

Unlike other forms of commercial agriculture, plantations are A) part of agribusiness. B) owned by day laborers in less developed countries. C) found primarily in less developed countries. D) situated in densely populated locations. E) found primarily in more developed countries.

C. found primarily in less developed countries

Compared to shifting cultivation, intensive subsistence agriculture is characterized by which of the following? A) smaller farms B) lower population densities C) greater use of animal power D) more diversified cropping E) greater use of land in rainforests

C. greater use of animal power

Asian agriculture is characterized by shortages of all but which of the following? A) equipment B) funds and land C) labor D) land E) funds

C. labor

What is the purpose of crop rotation? A) maintaining fresh products for market B) maintaining price supports C) maintaining the fertility of fields D) responding to shifting consumer preference E) reducing transportation costs

C. maintaining the fertility of fields

Ranching is practiced in a climate region most similar to that of which other type of agriculture? A) dairying B) grain C) pastoral nomadism D) shifting cultivation E) Mediterranean agriculture

C. pastoral nomadism

The seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pastures is A) pastoral nomadism. B) transnomadism. C) transhumance. D) practiced mostly in the tropics. E) livestock ranching.

C. transhumance

Mixing crops and livestock allows farmers to A) generate 3/4ths of their income from the sale of livestock. B) create a system where crops provide food for livestock and the livestock provide manure for crop fertilization. C) distribute the workload of the crops and livestock evenly throughout the year. D) all of the above. E) none of the above.

D) All of the above

The ________ and ________ of hunter and gatherer migration depended on the movement of game and the seasonal growth of plant A) speed and frequency B) speed and distance C) time and speed D) direction and frequency E) direction and distance

D) direction and frequency

The cultivation of plants by cutting stems and dividing roots is A) subsistence agriculture. B) seed agriculture. C) plant hybridization. D) vegetative planting. E) sawah.

D) vegetative planting

Truck farming is a term that derives from the Middle-English word truck, meaning A) "cart." B) "mobility" or "movement." C) "subsiding" as in "subsistence agriculture." D) "bartering" or "exchange of commodities." E) "horse" or "horse-drawn."

D. "bartering" or "exchange of commodities."

Seed agriculture probably reached Europe from A) western India. B) northern China. C) Ethiopia. D) Southwest Asia. E) Southeast Asia.

D. Southwest Asia

The first group to integrate seed agriculture with domestication of herd animals was probably in A) western India. B) northern China. C) Ethiopia. D) Southwest Asia.

D. Southwest Asia

The first people to domesticate lentils and olives were in A) western India. B) northern China. C) Ethiopia. D) Southwest Asia. E) South America.

D. Southwest Asia

The best way to block Asian carp from moving into the Great Lakes from the Illinois River would be the closing of locks and dams in and near Chicago; however, these waterways are not being closed because A) Republicans in the U.S. Congress are concerned about taxes on the rich. B) as major transportation links for the region, they are important for the economy of St. Louis. C) too many Asian carp are already clogging the locks and dams and cannot be removed. D) as major transportation links for the region, they are important for Chicago's economy. E) the economies of neighboring states depend on the Chicago-area locks and dams.

D. as major transportation links for the region, they are important for Chicago's economy

The predominant form of agriculture in the U.S. Southeast is A) mixed crop and livestock. B) dairy farming. C) Mediterranean agriculture. D) commercial gardening. E) plantation farming.

D. commercial gardening

Mixing crops and livestock allows farmers to A) distribute the workload of the crops and livestock so that farmers hardly need to work during the summer season. B) generate 90 percent of their income from the sale of livestock. C) doublecrop. D) create a system where crops provide food for livestock and the livestock provide manure for crop fertilization. E) circumvent market forces that determine the prices of livestock and crops.

D. create a system where crops provide food for livestock and the livestock provide manure for crop fertilization

Which of the following is not a strategy for increasing food supply? A) expanding arable land area B) ensuring sustainable land productivity for future generations C) identifying new food sources D) increasing tariffs on grain exports E) increasing exports of surplus production

D. increasing tariffs on grain exports

Which type of agriculture is practiced by the largest percentage of the world's people? A) hunting and gathering B) shifting cultivation C) pastoral nomadism D) intensive subsistence E) plantation

D. intensive subsistence

Which of the following have aided commercial farmers in MDCs? A) transportation improvements and the rise of sea levels B) scientific advances, the reduction in the need for electronics C) ancient irrigation projects that can be refitted for modern farming D) transportation improvements, scientific advances, and electronics E) climate change, scientific advances, and transportation improvements

D. transportation improvements, scientific advances, and electronics

The type of agriculture practiced near large cities, which includes producing fruits and vegetables, is called A) sawah. B) truck agriculture. C) subsistence agriculture. D) truck farming. E) truck hybridization.

D. truck farming

A common difference(s) between farms in an LDC (like Pakistan) vs. farms in an MDC (like the United States) that grow the same crop is A) the amount of crop produced in a year B) the importance of the crop to the farmer C) the income derived from crops D) A and B E) A and C

E) A and C

Genetically modified crops have A) higher yields. B) greater resistance to climate change. C) more resistance to pests. D) all of the above E) A and C

E) A and C

Defenders of shifting cultivation say it is the best approach for the tropics because A) shifting cultivation is part of the cultural diversity of folk customs in the tropics. B) permanently clearing fields and using fertilizers will destroy tropical soils. C) shifting cultivation destroys less tropical rain forest than permanently clearing the land. D) it requires a lot of land to feed a small number of people. E) A, B, and C

E) A, B, and C

In the Eastern Hemisphere, seed agriculture probably originated in which of the following? A) Ethiopia B) western India C) northern China D) Southwest Asia E) A, B, and C

E) A, B, and C

Intensive wet rice farming is the dominant type of agriculture in A) Southeast China. B) most of Southeast Asia. C) East India. D) A and B E) all of the above.

E) All of the above

Unique agricultural practices arise in particular regions because of A) physical characteristics of the land. B) cultural preferences. C) limited knowledge of alternatives. D) climate. E) all of the above

E) All of the above

Which statement correctly describes hunting and gathering? A) It is a form of nomadism. B) This form of subsistence is still practiced. C) All humans obtained their food this way before the invention of agriculture. D) Hunter gatherers live in small groups. E) all of the above

E) All of the above

Which is not a characteristic of shifting cultivation? A) A new site is designated every few years. B) Land is cleared by slashing the vegetation. C) Debris is burned to provide the soil with nutrients. D) Swiddens not under cultivation are used for fruit trees. E) All of the above are characteristics.

E) All of the above are characteristics

Which of the following is a typical practice in growing rice in Asia? A) preparing fields with a plow drawn by oxen B) flooding the plowed field with water C) growing seedlings in a nursery D) transplanting seedlings into the flooded field E) All of these answers are correct.

E. All of these answers are correct

Which statement correctly describes hunting and gathering? A) All humans began to obtain their food this way after agriculture was invented. B) It is a form of nomadism that disappeared in the late 1900s after the fall of the Soviet Union. C) This form of subsistence disappeared in the mid-1900s owing to industrialization and modernized agriculture. D) Hunter gatherers cannot live for long in groups of less than 100 people owing to the necessary division of labor. E) This form of subsistence is still practiced despite the modernization of agriculture in some areas.

E. This form of subsistence is still practiced despite the modernization of agriculture in some areas

A principal practice of sustainable agriculture is A) agribusiness-oriented land management. B) a "green revolution" in the use of chemicals. C) the preference for livestock over crops. D) the use of pesticide-resistant seed. E) careful land management

E. careful management

A major practice of sustainable agriculture is A) agribusiness. B) an increased "green revolution" use of chemicals. C) the lack of integration of crops and livestock. D) use of pesticide resistant seed. E) limited use of chemicals

E. limited use of chemicals

Lima beans were domesticated in A) Southeast Asia. B) Southwest Asia. C) Ethiopia. D) northern China. E) the Americas.

E. the Americas

Potatoes were domesticated in A) Southeast Asia. B) Southwest Asia. C) Ethiopia. D) northern China. E) the Americas.

E. the Americas