chapter 10 smartbook

According to a study by Joseph Allen and his colleagues, adolescents who were securely attached at age 14 were more likely to report which of the following at age 21? (Select all that apply)

that they were attaining increased financial independence; that they were comfortable with intimacy; that they were in an exclusive relationship

Donghai is a very active toddler whose parents try to avoid putting him in situations where he must sit still for long periods of time. This illustrates (blank).

the concept of goodness of fit

Self-conscious emotions develop around the age of (blank).

18 to 24 months

In part because of positive social interchanges with caregivers, infants begin to respond differently to people than they do to objects by (blank) of age.

2-3 months

Which of the following theorists proposed influential theories of infant attachment? (More than one option may be correct.)

bowlby, erikson, freud

The developmental (blank) model involves connections across domains over time that influence developmental pathways and outcomes.

cascade

Six-month-old Fajar often reacts negatively and cries frequently. He also is not very adaptive. According to Chess and Thomas' classification system, he is most likely a(n) (blank) child.

difficult

Chess and Thomas' classification system placed children into which categories of temperament? (Select all that apply)

difficult, easy, slow-to-warm-up

The use of (blank)-to-(blank) play begins at about 2 to 3 months of age and includes vocalizations, touch, and gestures.

face, face

Punishing a child for emotions or feelings is considered a supportive caregiver emotion socialization strategy?

false

True or false: Temperament remains stable throughout an individual's development.

false

The match between a child's temperament and the environmental demands with which the child must cope is known by the term (blank).

goodness of fit

Being skilled at perceiving and expressing emotion, understanding emotion, using feelings to facilitate thought, and managing emotions effectively is a description of emotional (blank).

intelligence

Which of the following types of emotions are present in infancy?

primary emotions

One way to describe temperament involves the variation in the speed and intensity with which an individual responds to situations with positive or negative emotions. This is referred to as (blank).

reactivity

Which of the following are among the five core social and emotional learning domains targeted by CASEL?

responsible decision-making; self-awareness; relationship skills

Which are self-conscious emotions? (Choose every correct answer.)

shame, guilt, embarrassment, pride

Which of the following refers to an infant's ability to "read" the emotions of other people?

social referencing

Which theory states that older adults narrow their social networks?

socioemotional selectivity theory

Ainsworth created the (blank) Situation, an observational way to identify differences in infant attachment.

strange

Individuals' behavioral style and characteristic way of responding is referred to as their (blank).

temperament

Which of the following is true about depression experienced in adolescence?

adolescents are more likely to seek help from informal sources

The Strange Situation, which was an observational means to identify individual differences in infant attachment, was developed by (blank).

ainsworth

Adults with a(n) (blank) attachment style demand closeness, are less trusting, and jealous. Multiple choice question.

anxious

(Blank) is defined as the close emotional bond between two people.

attachment

The close emotional bond between mothers and infants is called (blank). (Make sure to spell it correctly in order to get credit!)

attachment

Adults with a(n) (blank) attachment style are hesitant about getting involved in romantic relationships.

avoidant

The ability to develop skills contextually and focus on the adaptive nature of emotional experience is called emotional (blank).

competence

Which of the following are aspects of the development of social orientation?

cooperation, goal-directed behaviors, locomotion

In the Second Step program, which of the following is the focus of social-emotional learning for grades 6-8?

coping with stress

Which of the following is considered a supportive emotion socialization strategy? Select all that apply.

discussing emotions with the child; helping a child learn to use emotion strategies; validating a child's emotion

According to Ainsworth's model, insecure (blank) babies may show confusion and fearfulness around their caregivers.

disorganized

(Blank) is characterized by behavior that reflects the pleasantness or unpleasantness of the state that individuals are in, or the transactions they are experiencing.

emotion

A feeling or affect that occurs when individuals are in a state or an interaction that is important to them, especially to their well-being, is called (blank).

emotion

Because they place a high value on (blank), older adults spend more time with familiar individuals with whom they have had rewarding relationships.

emotional satisfaction

Match the theorist with the description of his attachment theory. Instructions

freud: infants become attached to the person who provides oral satisfaction erikson: a sense of trust is the foundation for attachment bowlby: infants and caregivers are biologically predisposed to form attachments

What emotion would an infant younger than 6 months likely not experience?

guilt

Baby Jordan engages in little interaction with his mother and isn't distressed when she leaves the room. When she returns, Jordan does not reestablish contact with her and even turns his back on her. Which of Ainsworth's categories best describes Jordan?

he is an insecure avoidant baby

According to research, which of the following physiological characteristics have been linked with an inhibited temperament? (Select all that apply)

high and stable heart rate, high activity in the frontal lobe, high level of cortisol

Research has found that decreases in infants' negative emotionality are linked to which of the following? (Select all that apply)

higher parental involvement; higher levels of parental sensitivity; higher levels of parental responsiveness

As the nervous system in infants develops, locomotion becomes possible and children are able to develop a certain amount of (blank).

independence

Which of the following statements are true regarding face-to-face play? (Select all that apply)

it begins when the infant is about 2 to 3 months of age; it includes vocalization, touch, and gestures

Which of the following are true about the developmental cascade model? (Select all that apply)

it can produce positive or negative outcomes at different points in development; it can involve social contexts such as families, peers, schools, and culture; it can include connections between biological, cognitive, and socioemotional processes

Which of the following are important ways that infants in their first year of life begin to understand that other people have intentions?

joint attention; gaze following

According to a recent longitudinal study, which of the following predicted secure attachment in adolescence and emerging adulthood?

maternal sensitivity in childhood and adolescence

According to twin studies, heredity has a (blank) influence on differences in temperament within a group of people.

moderate

Researchers are discovering that infants are (more/less) socially sophisticated and insightful at younger ages than was previously envisioned.

more

As children acquire emotional competence they will exhibit which of the following behaviors? (Select all that apply)

more effective management of their emotions; positive relationship development; resilience in stressful circumstances

Infants' social sophistication and insight are reflected by which of the following?

motivation to share and participate in others' intentionally motivated actions; increase in emotional understanding and communication; perceptions of others' actions as intentionally motivated

The development of locomotor skills is the result of which of the following? (Choose every correct answer.)

nervous system development; environmental support for the skill; infant motivation to reach a goal

Which of the following has been associated with the undermining of attachment stability?

paternal separation or divorce

Which are important social cognitive accomplishments that are established at the end of the first year? (Choose every correct answer.)

perceiving that the behavior of others is goal-directed; joint attention

Social (blank) occurs when one can understand the emotional cues in others to help determine how to act in a given situation.

referencing

Adolescents who are experiencing high levels of stress are at increased risk for developing depression.

true

True or false: In development, biological, cognitive, and social processes are intricately intertwined.

true