Chapter 10

The superficial muscles of the spine are identified by subdivisions that include __________. - iliocostalis, longissimus, and spinalis - longissimus, transversus, and longus - capitis, splenius, and spinalis - cervics, throacis, and lumborum

iliocostalis, longissimus, and spinalis

The movable attachment of muscle to bone or other connective tissue is referred to as the ___________. - rotator - insertion - origin - joint

insertion

A muscle in the body that is spindle-shaped is an example of a(n) ___________. - convergent muscle - unipennate muscle - parallel muscle - bipennate muscle

parallel muscle

Extrinsic muscles are those that __________. - operate within an organ - are visible at the body surface - are prominent and can be easily seen - position or stabilize an organ

position or stabilize an organ

A pair of deep posterior trunk muscles that adduct the scapula and cause downward rotation of the scapula are the _______________. - serratus anterior - levator scapulae - rhomboid major and minor - pectoralis minor

rhomboid major and minor

The deltoid muscle is so named because it is ___________. - shaped like a river delta - shaped like a triangle - shaped like a trapezoid - shaped like a parallelgram

shaped like a triangle

Which muscle or muscles are synergistic with the diaphragm during inspiration? - External intercostals - Rectus abdominis - Pectoralis minor - Internal intercostals

External intercostals

Which of the following terms would be used to name a muscle found in the thigh? - Ulnaris - Femoris - Lumborum - Pollicis

Femoris

In what class of lever is the fulcrum between the load and the applied force? - First-class lever - Second-class lever - Third-class lever - Fourth-class lever

First-class lever

Circular muscles that guard entrances and exits of internal passageways are called _________. - Flexors - Sphincters - Abductors - Adductors

Sphincters

Which of the following muscle groups is associated with the vertebral column? - Occipitofrontalis - Masseter - Spinalis - Pharyngeal constrictor

Spinalis

In an individual who complains of shin-splints, the affected muscles are located over the _________. - anterior surface of the thigh - anterior surface of the leg - posterior surface of the leg - anterior and posterior surface

anterior surface of the leg

In a convergent muscle, the muscle fibers are _______. - based over a broad area, but all the fibers come together at a common attachment site - arranged to form a common angle with the tendon - arranged concentrically around an opening or a recess - parallel to the long axis of the muscle

based over a broad area, but all the fibers come together at a common attachment site

The effect of an arrangement in which a force is applied between the load and the fulcrum illustrates the principles of _________. - fourth-class levers - third-class levers - first-class levers - second-class levers

third-class levers

Which muscle elevates the shoulders, such as when you shrug your shoulders? - subclavius - pectoralis major - serratus anterior - trapezius

trapezius

The muscular floor of the pelvic cavity is formed by muscles that make up the ______________. - urogenital and anal triangle - sacrum and the coccyx - ilium and the ischium - ischium and the pubis

urogenital and anal triangle

There are approximately how many muscles in the human body? - 80 - 126 - 200 - 700

700

Which of the following is a criterion for naming muscles? - The muscle's action - The muscle's location on the body - The muscle's origin and insertion - All of the choices are correct

All of the choices are correct

If the biceps brachii muscle flexes the forearm, and the triceps brachii muscle causes extension of the forearm, then the triceps brachii is the __________ of the biceps brachii. - agonist - antagonist - fixator - synergist

Antagonist

Which of the following is an appendicular muscle? - Biceps femoris - Internal oblique - Spinalis cervicis - Buccinators

Biceps femoris

Which of the following terms would be used to name a short muscle? - Internus - Maximus - Magnus - Brevis

Brevis

Which type of muscle contains fascicles that are organized in concentric rings around the opening? - Convergent - Pennate - Parallel - Circular

Circular

Even though they both insert on the calcaneus, what can the gastrocnemius muscle do that the soleus cannot? - Adduct the foot - Flex the knee - Evert the foot - Dorsiflex the ankle

Flex the knee

Which of the following flexes and abducts the wrist? - Biceps femoris - Flexor carpi radialis - Triceps brachii - Soleus

Flexor carpi radialis

Which muscle or muscles can extend the ankle? - Gastrocnemius and soleus - The hamstring muscles - The quadriceps femoris - Tibialis anterior

Gastrocnemius and soleus

Which of the following muscles is involved in moving the thigh? - Gluteus maximus - Flexor digitorum longus - Gastrocnemius - Biceps femoris

Gluteus maximus

Which muscle or muscles can cause abduction and medial rotation at the hip? - Gluteus medius and minimus - Rectus femoris - Gluteus maximus - Sartoius

Gluteus medius and minimus

What is the most powerful and important muscle a person uses when chewing food? - Buccinator - Masseter - Zygomaticus - Pyergoid

Masseter

Which of the following is a muscle involved in chewing? - Orbicularis oris - Masseter - Temporoparietalis - Mentalis

Masseter

Tim is a new father is not used to changing diapers. He grimaces and purses his lips when he changes his son's diapers. Which collection of muscles is he using to contort his mouth this way? - Frontal belly of occipitofrontalis and corrugator supercilii - Zygomaticus minor major - Orbicularis oris and risorius - Inferior rectus and medial rectus

Oribicularis oris and risorius

What is the term for the site where the muscle attaches that does NOT move when the muscle contracts? - Fulcrum - Insertion - Origin - Lever

Origin

Do you remember the tongue twister "Sally sells seashells by the seashore"? Of the of collections of muscles below, which group or groups work together to provide the delicate movements of the tongue during speech? - Superior constrictor, middle constrictor, and inferior constrictor muscles - Masseter, temporalis, and pterygoid muscles - All of the listed responses are correct - Palatoglossus, styloglossus, genioglossus, and hyoglossus muscles

Palatoglossus, styloglossus, genioglossus, and hyoglossus muscles

What are the four types of muscles identified by different patterns of organization? - Movers, synergists, antagonists, and agonists - Skeletal, smooth, cardiac, and visceral - Flexors, extensors, adductors, and abductors - Parallel, convergent, pennate, and circular

Parallel, convergent, pennate, and circular

Which type of fascicle arrangement produces more tension than others? - Convergent muscle - Parallel muscle - Circular muscle - Pennate muscle

Pennate muscle

Which muscles arise on the humerus and the forearm and rotate the radius without producing either flexion and extension of the elbow? - Triceps and biceps brachii - Pronator teres and supinator - Brachialis and brachioradialis - Carpi ulnaris and radialis

Pronator teres and supinator

The calf muscles pull on the calcaneus and extend the ankle, lifting the person onto their toes. That makes this arrangement an example of what class of lever? - First-class lever - Third-class lever -Fourth-class lever -Second-class lever

Second-class lever

Which of the following is given to muscles visible at the body surface? - Superficialis - Major - Teres - Profundus

Superficialis

During swallowing, what muscles help you push a bolus of food from your throat to your esophagus? - Digastric muscle - Superior, middle, and inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscles - Mylohyoid muscles - Palatoglossus muscle

Superior, middle, and inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscles

Which muscles maximize the efficient use of teeth during mastication? - Tempralis, pterygoid, and masseter - Mandibular, maxillary, and zygomaticus - Procerus, capitis, and zygomaticus - Glossus, platysma, and risorius

Tempralis, pyergoid, and masseter

When considering the rectus abdominis muscle, what does the term "rectus" describe about this muscle? - This muscle is on the surface of the abdomen. - The fibers of the muscle are perpendicular to the long axis of the muscle. - The fibers of the muscle are parallel to the long axis of the muscle. - This muscle is bigger than another muscle in the abdominal wall.

The fibers of the muscle are parallel to the long axis of the muscle

What happens when a muscle contracts and its fibers shorten? - The origin moves toward the insertion - The insertion moves toward the origin - The origin and the insertion move in the same direction - The origin and the insertion move in opposite directions

The insertion moves toward the origin

What muscles and their tendons make up the rotator cuff? - The deltoid and trapezius muscles - The deltoid and pectoralis major muscles - The pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi muscles - The supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis muscles

The supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis muscles

Why do we use the word "biceps" to describe particular muscles? - There are two tendons of origin - The man who names them was an Italian by the name of Biceppe Longo - There are two areas in the body where biceps are found - There are two muscles in the body with the characteristics

There are two tendons of origin

Which class of lever improves the speed of movement and the distance the load is moved more than it improves lifting the load? - All classes of lever are equally good at lifting a load - Third-class lever - Second-class lever - First-class lever

Third-class lever

Which class of levers is the most common in the body? - All classes are equally distributed in the body - Third-class lever - Second-class lever - First-class lever

Third-class lever

Which of the following is a muscle that positions the pectoral girdle? - Flexor carpi radialis - Brachioradialis - Tibialis anterior - Trapezius

Trapezius

Which of the following muscles does NOT flex the forearm? - Brachialis - Biceps brachii - Triceps brachii - Brachioradialis

Triceps brachii

You are so happy that you received an "A" on your last anatomy and physiology exam that you broke into a big smile. What muscle helps you smile? - Orbicularis oris - Zygomaticus major - Buccinator - Levator labii superioris

Zygomaticus major

A lever moves on a fixed point called _________. - a load - an insertion - a force - a fulcrum

a fulcrum

A muscle whose contraction is chiefly responsible for producing a particular movement is called ________. - an antagonist - an origin - a synergist - a prime mover

a prime mover

A fixator is ___________. - None of the listed types of muscles is correct - an antagonist - a synergist that prevents movement at another joint and stabilizes the origin of the agonist - an agonist, or prime mover

a synergist that prevents movement at another joint and stabilizes the origin of the agonist

A muscle whose action opposes that of another muscle, or agonist, is ___________. - a synergist - an antagonist - a fixator - a prime mover

an antagonist

The flexors that move the leg, commonly known as the hamstrings, include the _________________________. - rectus femoris, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis, and vastus medialis - biceps femoris, semimembranosus, and semitendinosus - piriformis, lateral rotators, obturator, and sartorius - sartorius rectus femoris, gracilis, and vastus medialis

biceps femoris, semimembranosus, and semitendinosus

A muscle like the pectoralis major muscle in the chest, whose fascicles originate over a large area and insert on a common point, the anterior humerus is an example of a __________ muscle. - convergent muscle - bipennate muscle - parallel muscle - multipennate muscle

convergent muscle

What is the name of the muscle that separates the thoracic and the abdominopelvic cavities? - diaphragm - transversus abdominis - rectus abdominis - external oblique

diaphragm

The triceps brachii muscle attaches to the olecranon process of the ulna crossing the posterior side of the elbow joint. That will allow the triceps to be a(n) ______________ of the elbow joint. - flexor - extensor - adductor - abductor

extensor

The rectus muscles, which lie between the vertebral spine and the ventral midline, are important ___________. - flexors of the spinal column - sphincters of the rectum - rotators of the spinal column - extensors of the spine

flexors of the spinal column

The names of the muscles of the tongue are readily identified because of their descriptive names end in _________. - pollicis - halluces - glossus - genio

glossus

The structural commonality of the rectus femoris and the rectus abdominis is that they are _________. - parallel muscles whose fibers run along the long axis of the body - muscles whose fibers are arranged to control peristalsis in the rectum - attached to bones involved in similar functional activities - both found in the region of the rectum

parallel muscles whose fibers run along the long axis of the body

Which of the following is NOT a part of the hamstrings? - popliteus - semimembranosus - biceps femoris - semitendinosus

popliteus

The actions produced by arm muscles but NOT by leg muscles are ___________. - abductions and adduction - flexion and extension - rotation and adduction - pronation and supination

pronation and supination

Marcia, a sprinter, pulls a hamstring muscle the day before a big race. Which of the following muscles has she NOT injured? - semimembranosus - rectus femoris - biceps femoris - semitendinosus

rectus femoris

The extensors that move the lower leg, commonly known as the quadriceps, include the ____________. - piriformis, lateral rotator, orbturator, and sartorius - rectus femoris, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis, and vastus medialis - popliteus, gracilis, rectus femoris, and biceps femoris - semimembranosus, semitendinosus, gracilis, and sartorius

rectus femoris, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis, and vastus medialis

The paired superficial muscle on the anterior and side of the neck that flexes the head and neck toward the chest is the _________. - sternocleidomastoid - trapezius - semispinalis capitis and splenius capitis - longissimus capitis

sternoceidomastoid

Which of the following is an axial muscle? - biceps femoris - gluteus maximus - deltoid - temporalis

temporalis

A first-class lever is one in which ________. - speed and distance traveled are increased at the expense of the force - a force is applied between the load and the fulcrum - the fulcrum lies between the applied force and the load - the load is located between the applied force and the fulcrum

the fulcrum lies between the applied force and the load

If the biceps brachii muscle flexes the forearm, that means that its attachment to the humerus and scapula is ___________. - the origin of the muscle - the insertion of the muscle - where the effort causes movement - a fulcrum point

the origin of the muscles