Chapter 10 test

Which of the following hormones requires a releasing hormone from the hypothalamus in order to be released?

FSH

Two hormones referred to as gonadotropins are

FSH and LH.

Which of the following hormones is secreted by the human pituitary during fetal development in very young children and in pregnant women, but is not usually found in adults?

MSH

Marissa has had her thyroid gland removed because of a malignant tumor. She takes synthetic thyroid hormone to replace the thyroxine that her thyroid gland would have produced, but she is worried about her blood calcium. Does she need to worry about this problem?

No, as long as she still has functional parathyroid glands she will maintain proper levels of calcium.

When a protein or peptide hormone binds to receptors on the surface of a cell,

a second messenger appears in the cytoplasm.

Increased sodium ion concentrations in the body can be caused by which adrenal hormone?

aldosterone

Which of the following are sex hormones that are produced by the adrenal cortex?

androgens

Target cells of hypothalamic releasing and inhibiting hormones are located in the

anterior pituitary

Steroid hormones

are structurally similar to cholesterol.

Which hormone's secretion promotes the loss of sodium ions and water by the kidneys and inhibits renin release?

atrial natriuretic peptide

An important second messenger in hormonal action is

cAMP.

Increased levels of the hormone ________ will lead to decreased levels of calcium ions in the blood.

calcitonin

Parathyroid hormone stimulates the kidneys to form

calcitriol.

Generally, the actions of hormones

can produce complex changes in physical structure and physiological changes.

All hormones are

chemical messengers.

Peptide hormones are

composed of chains of amino acids.

Insulin causes

conversion of glucose to glycogen in the liver and skeletal muscles.

Cells of the adrenal cortex produce

corticosteroids.

One adrenal hormone that affects glucose metabolism is

cortisol.

Thyroid hormone insufficiency in infancy results in which of the following?

cretinism

One hormone that is released from the adrenal medulla is

epinephrine.

Diabetes insipidus is caused by

failure of the kidneys to respond to ADH.

When blood glucose levels fall,

glucagon is released.

The alpha cells of the pancreas produce

glucagon.

In the simplest case, endocrine activity may be controlled by changes in the extracellular fluid composition called ________ stimuli.

humoral

Hypothalamic signals reach the anterior pituitary through the

hypophyseal portal system.

Hormones from the ________, which travel in the hypophyseal portal vessels, alter the activity of the anterior pituitary.

hypothalamus

Where are the hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary made?

hypothalamus

The chief cells of the parathyroid glands produce a hormone that

increases the level of calcium ions in body fluids.

Which of the following hormones is/are produced by both the testes and the ovaries?

inhibin

Which of the following hormones is an amino acid derivative?

melatonin

Aldosterone is the principal ________.

mineralocorticoid

Hormone concentration levels are most commonly controlled by

negative feedback.

Melatonin is the hormone produced by the ________.

pineal gland

Preparation of the uterus for implantation results from stimulation by

progesterone.

Hypothalamic hormones that stimulate the synthesis and secretion of one or more hormones in the anterior lobe are called

releasing hormones.

The endocrine system

relies on the release of chemicals that bind to target cells.

Which of the following hormones enter a cell by diffusion?

steroid hormones

Hormone-producing cells of the testes produce

testosterone.

Which hormone(s) play(s) a key role in the development and maintenance of normal immune defenses?

thymosins

Normal production of hormones from which gland establishes the background notes of cellular metabolism?

thyroid

Hormones from which of the following glands are responsible for the calorigenic effect?

thyroid gland

Hormones produced by the ________ are derived from molecules to which iodine atoms have been attached.

thyroid gland

Thyroid hormones are derived from the amino acid

tyrosin

Hypersecretion of glucocorticoids causes

Cushing disease.