chapter# 10 The Endocrine System, Chapter 11 Blood, Cardiovascular System Chapter 12, The Lymphatic System ch. 13

Which of the following is NOT a result of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system? A)Blood pressure increases due to constriction of arterioles. B)Blood pressure increases due to reabsorption of sodium and therefore water into the blood. C)Blood pressure decreases due to dilation of arterioles. D)Blood volume increases due to the effect of ADH.

C)Blood pressure decreases due to dilation of arterioles.

Which of the following are portions of the adrenal glands? A)Anterior and posterior B)Lateral and medial C)Cortex and medulla D)Dorsal and ventral

C)Cortex and medulla

Which of the following is NOT true about the pancreas? A)Exocrine tissue produces digestive enzymes. B)Endocrine tissue produces hormones. C)Exocrine tissue is called the pancreatic islets. D)The hormones released maintain glucose homeostasis.

C)Exocrine tissue is called the pancreatic islets.

Which of the following is NOT true of growth hormone (GH)? A)GH stimulates protein synthesis in bone,cartilage,and muscle. B)GH increases the rate of amino acid uptake by cells. C)GH is also known as vasopressin. D)GH promotes fat metabolism as opposed to glucose metabolism.

C)GH is also known as vasopressin.

Exophthalmic goiter is a characteristic of A)congenital hypothyroidism. B)myxedema. C)Graves' disease. D)acromegaly.

C)Graves' disease.

Which of the following is NOT an effect of the release of parathyroid hormone? A)Release of calcium from bones B)Increased reabsorption of calcium by the kidneys C)Increased blood phosphate levels D)Activation of vitamin D for increased intestinal absorption of calcium

C)Increased blood phosphate levels

What is the stimulus for the release of insulin? A)Decreasing blood glucose levels B)Decreasing blood sodium levels C)Increasing blood glucose levels D)Increasing blood calcium levels

C)Increasing blood glucose levels

Which of the following is NOT true of a steroid hormone? A)It diffuses into the cell and binds to its receptor protein. B)The hormone-receptor complex binds to DNA. C)It activates a second messenger to cause cellular changes. D)Intracellular enzymes,made from the DNA,direct cellular changes.

C)It activates a second messenger to cause cellular changes.

Which of these best describes a negative feedback control mechanism? A)High blood glucose causes pancreatic secretion of insulin. B)Insulin causes the liver to store glucose as glycogen. C)Low blood glucose inhibits pancreatic secretion of insulin. D)When the pancreas is not secreting insulin,it is secreting glucagon.

C)Low blood glucose inhibits pancreatic secretion of insulin.

What type of cells produce oxytocin and ADH? A)Glandular cells B)Neurons C)Neurosecretory cells D)Neurohypophysis cells

C)Neurosecretory cells

Which of the following is NOT true concerning oxytocin? A)Oxytocin increases uterine contractions during childbirth. B)Oxytocin produces milk let-down during nursing. C)Oxytocin is a steroid hormone. D)Oxytocin is controlled by positive feedback.

C)Oxytocin is a steroid hormone.

What hormone causes breast development and production of milk? A)Oxytocin B)Gonadotropins C)Prolactin D)ADH

C)Prolactin

Which of the following is NOT true of androgens? A)Causes growth of body and pubic hair B)Stimulates oil and sweat glands C)Small amounts are produced by the adrenal medulla D)Enlarges the vocal cords to lower the voice

C)Small amounts are produced by the adrenal medulla

Which endocrine gland is found in the thoracic cavity,superior to the heart? A)Thyroid gland B)Adrenal gland C)Thymus gland D)Pancreatic islets

C)Thymus gland

An increase in growth hormone after growing years will cause A)gigantism. B)pituitary dwarfism. C)acromegaly. D)diabetes insipidus.

C)acromegaly.

The most important mineralocorticoid is A)cortisol. B)epinephrine. C)aldosterone. D)norepinephrine.

C)aldosterone

Melatonin is released in response to A)increased sunlight. B)staying awake later into the night. C)decreased sunlight. D)going to bed earlier.

C)decreased sunlight.

Chemical signals that affect the behavior of other glands or tissues are called A)serous secretions. B)mucus. C)hormones. D)synovial fluiD.

C)hormones.

When ions or molecules in the blood stimulate the release of a hormone,it is called _______ control. A)hormonal B)nervous C)humoral D)molecular

C)humoral

The _______ produces erythropoietin that stimulates the red bone marrow to produce more red blood cells. A)liver B)adrenal gland C)kidney D)pancreas

C)kidney

The main stimulus for the release of aldosterone comes from the A)adrenal medullA. B)anterior pituitary. C)kidneys. D)lungs.

C)kidneys.

Hypothyroidism in adults caused by decreased production of thyroxine is known as A)simple goiter. B)Graves disease. C)myxedema. D)exophthalmic goiter.

C)myxedema.

Another name for the posterior pituitary gland is the A)adenohypophysis. B)hypothalamus. C)neurohypophysis. D)midbrain.

C)neurohypophysis.

The male hormone secreted by the testes is A)estrogen. B)progesterone. C)testosterone. D)gonadotropins.

C)testosterone.

Lymphocyte differentiation occurs in the A)adipose tissue. B)pineal gland. C)thymus gland. D)thyroiD.

C)thymus gland.

Which endocrine glands are located in the abdominal cavity? A)Pancreas and thyroid gland B)Pineal gland and parathyroid glands C)Adrenal glands and ovaries D)Pancreas and adrenal glands

D)Pancreas and adrenal glands

Which of the following is NOT a short-term stress response? A)Heartbeat and blood pressure increase B)Blood glucose levels increase C)Muscles are energized D)Reduction of inflammation

D)Reduction of inflammation

A decrease in blood Na+ levels stimulates the release of the hormone,aldosterone,from the adrenal cortex.This is an example of _______ control. A)nervous B)hormonal C)tropic D)humoral

D)humoral

The pancreatic islets A)produce insulin. B)produce glucagon. C)produce digestive enzymes. D)produce both insulin and glucagon.

D)produce both insulin and glucagon.

Hypocalcemia can result in A)muscle weakness. B)renal failure. C)depressed nervous system. D)tetany.

D)tetany.

Which hormone is needed for thyroxine production? A)ACTH B)GH C)ADH D)TSH

D)TSH

What is the target organ of thyroxine? A)Pancreas B)Ovaries C)Adrenal glands D)No specific organs;most body cells

D)No specific organs;most body cells

How does PTH stimulate absorption of calcium from the intestines? A)Increases peristalsis B)Activates calcitriol C)Activates osteoclasts D)Stimulates intestinal enzymes

B)Activates calcitrol

Which of the following is NOT a long term complication of diabetes mellitus? A)Blindness B)Kidney and heart disease C)Atherosclerosis D)Loss of hearing

D)Loss of hearing

PTH acts to raise blood calcium levels. True False

True

Calcitonin A)raises blood calcium. B)lowers blood calcium. C)deposits excess calcium into bones. D)Both lowers blood calcium and deposits excess calcium into bones are correct.

D)Both lowers blood calcium and deposits excess calcium into bones are correct.

Insulin results in A)most cells taking up glucose. B)fat cells making more fat. C)converting glycogen to glucose. D)Both most cells taking up glucose and fat cells making more fat are correct.

D)Both most cells taking up glucose and fat cells making more fat are correct.

The hypothalamus controls the anterior pituitary by producing A)nerve impulses. B)releasing hormones. C)inhibiting hormones. D)Both releasing hormones and inhibiting hormones are correct.

D)Both releasing hormones and inhibiting hormones are correct.

Which of the following is NOT true about the hormone ADH (antidiuretic hormone)? A)ADH is produced by the hypothalamus. B)ADH causes water to be reabsorbed into kidney capillaries. C)ADH is released from the anterior pituitary gland. D)ADH causes vasoconstriction to increase blood pressure.

C)ADH is released from the anterior pituitary gland.

What condition occurs due to hyposecretion of adrenal cortex hormones? A)Cushing syndrome B)Diabetes insipidus C)Addison disease D)Hashimoto's disease

C)Addison disease

Which of the following is NOT a result of Cushing syndrome? A)Bronzing of the skin B)Fat deposited in the trunk C)Moon-shaped face D)Hypertension

A)Bronzing of the skin

What condition occurs due to hypersecretion of adrenal cortex hormones? A)Cushing syndrome B)Diabetes insipidus C)Addison disease D)Hashimoto's disease

A)Cushing syndrome

What is the stimulus for the release of glucagon? A)Decreasing blood glucose levels B)Decreasing blood sodium levels C)Increasing blood glucose levels D)Increasing blood calcium levels

A)Decreasing blood glucose levels

Which type of gland secretes directly into tissue fluids and the blood without ducts? A)Endocrine B)Exocrine

A)Endocrine

Which of the following functions to regulate a short term response to stress? A)Epinephrine B)Glucocorticoids C)Mineralocorticoids D)All apply.

A)Epinephrine

Which of the following is NOT a way to prevent or control type II diabetes mellitus? A)High fat diet B)Regular exercise C)Low sugar diet D)Maintain a healthy weight

A)High fat diet

What stimulus will cause the secretion of ANH (atrial natriuretic hormone)? A)Increased blood volume in the atria of the heart B)Increased blood volume in the kidneys C)Decreased blood sodium levels D)None apply.

A)Increased blood volume in the atria of the heart

Which of the following is NOT true of a peptide hormone? A)It diffuses into the cell to cause cellular changes. B)It binds to a receptor on the plasma membrane. C)It activates a second messenger inside the cell that causes cellular changes. D)Cyclic AMP is a common second messenger.

A)It diffuses into the cell to cause cellular changes.

What is the function of thyroxine? A)It increases the metabolic rate. B)It stimulates the kidney to reabsorb water. C)It raises blood sugar. D)It stimulates protein synthesis.

A)It increases the metabolic rate.

Which portion of the adrenal gland may be associated with the sympathetic nervous system? A)Medulla B)Cortex C)Medulla and cortex

A)Medulla

Which of the following is NOT a target organ of parathyroid hormone? A)Muscle B)Bone C)Intestines D)Kidneys

A)Muscle B)Bone

Which of the following is a new option for treatment of type I diabetes mellitus? A)Pancreatic islet transplantation B)Skin patches C)Gel-coated pills D)All apply.

A)Pancreatic islet transplantation

Which of the following symptoms of diabetes mellitus is NOT correctly matched with its term? A)Polydipsia - extreme hunger B)Polyuria - excessive urination C)Ketonuria - ketones in the urine D)Glycosuria - glucose in the urine

A)Polydipsia - extreme hunger

What chemical is secreted by the kidneys when blood sodium is low and (or)blood pressure is low? A)Renin B)Angiotensin C)ACTH D)Aldosterone

A)Renin

Which of the following is NOT a consequence of Addison's disease? A)Retention of sodium and water leading to high blood pressure B)Excessive,but ineffective ACTH C)Bronzing of the skin D)Loss of sodium and water leading to low blood pressure

A)Retention of sodium and water leading to high blood pressure

Which endocrine gland is NOT found in the cranial cavity? A)Thymus gland B)Pineal gland C)Pituitary gland D)Hypothalamus

A)Thymus gland

Epinephrine is produced by the A)adrenal medullA. B)adrenal cortex. C)thyroid gland. D)thymus.

A)adrenal medullA

The adenohypophysis is another name for the A)anterior pituitary gland. B)hypothalamus. C)posterior pituitary gland. D)None apply.

A)anterior pituitary gland.

An increase in growth hormone during growing years will cause A)gigantism. B)pituitary dwarfism. C)acromegaly. D)diabetes insipidus.

A)gigantism

Simple goiter A)is due to lack of iodine. B)is due to high levels of thyroxine in the blood. C)is an enlargement of the thymus gland. D)is described by all of these characteristics.

A)is due to lack of iodine.

Calcitonin A)is produced by the thyroid gland. B)is produced by the parathyroid gland. C)lowers the metabolic rate. D)is produced by the parathyroid gland and lowers the metabolic rate.

A)is produced by the thyroid gland.

Most hormone action is regulated by A)negative feedback mechanisms. B)positive feedback mechanisms. C)the central nervous system. D)digestive mechanisms.

A)negative feedback mechanisms.

The hypothalamus communicates with the anterior pituitary gland by means of a A)portal system of blood capillaries and veins. B)group of secretory neurons. C)connection with the posterior pituitary gland. D)All apply.

A)portal system of blood capillaries and veins.

Discuss the role of the pancreas in the regulation of glucose levels in the blood.

As blood glucose levels increase,the pancreas secretes insulin,which enables cells to use glucose,therefore lowering the glucose level in the blood.The pancreas also secretes glucagon when blood glucose levels decrease which stimulates the breakdown of glycogen in the liver which raises the glucose level in the blood.

With what portion of the brain is the pituitary associated? A)Cerebrum B)Cerebellum C)Thalamus D)Hypothalamus

D)Hypothalamus

Which endocrine gland produces the most hormones? A)Posterior pituitary B)Anterior pituitary C)Thyroid gland D)Adrenal gland

B)Anterior pituitary

What hormone is antagonistic to the actions of aldosterone? A)Cortisol B)Atrial natriuretic hormone C)ACTH D)Epinephrine

B)Atrial natriuretic hormone

Which of the following are gonadotropic hormones? A)ACTH and FSH B)FSH and LH C)LH and TSH D)ACTH and TSH

B)FSH and LH

Hyperthyroidism in adults caused by over secretion of thyroxine is known as A)simple goiter. B)Graves disease. C)myxedema. D)acromegaly.

B)Graves disease.

Which of the following is NOT a result of the secretion of estrogens and progesterone? A)Growth of the uterus and breasts B)Growth of the vocal cords C)Widening of the hips D)Uterine cycle

B)Growth of the vocal cords

Which promotes the storage of glucose as glycogen? A)Glucagon B)Insulin C)Glucagon and insulin

B)Insulin

What element is needed for thyroxine production? A)Calcium B)Iodine C)Sodium D)Potassium Multiple Choice B

B)Iodine

Which of the following is NOT a peptide hormone group? A)Modified amino acids B)Lipids C)Proteins D)Glycoproteins

B)Lipids

Which of the following is NOT true of glucocorticoids? A)Promotes the metabolism of fatty acids instead of carbohydrates. B)Promotes kidney absorption of sodium. C)Promotes the breakdown of muscle proteins to amino acids. D)Can lead to an increase in blood glucose levels.

B)Promotes kidney absorption of sodium.

The pituitary hormone ACTH will stimulate the ____ to produce its hormones. A)thyroid gland B)adrenal cortex C)adrenal medulla D)gonads

B)adrenal cortex

Parathyroid hormone is antagonistic to A)thyroxine. B)calcitonin. C)thyroid-stimulating hormone. D)aldosterone.

B)calcitonin.

Myxedema is characterised by all of the following EXCEPT A)lethargy and lower pulse. B)hyperactivity and insomnia. C)weight gain. D)lowered body temperature.

B)hyperactivity and insomnia.

Melatonin is associated with the A)adipose tissue. B)pineal gland. C)thymus gland. D)hypothalamus.

B)pineal gland.

Aldosterone will cause _______ of sodium,while ANH will cause ____ of sodium. A)excretion;reabsorption B)reabsorption;excretion

B)reabsorption;excretion

What are the target tissues for glucagon? A)Pancreas and liver B)Skeletal muscle and liver C)Liver and kidneys D)Adipose tissue and liver

D)Adipose tissue and liver

Atrial natriuretic hormone A)is produced by the heart. B)is secreted when blood volume is too high. C)inhibits aldosterone secretion. D)All apply.

D)All apply.

Cortisol A)reduces inflammation,pain,and swelling. B)may be used to treat arthritis. C)may suppress the immune system. D)All apply.

D)All apply.

The action(s)of aldosterone is (are)to A)promote renal reabsorption of water. B)promote renal excretion of potassium. C)promote renal reabsorption of sodium. D)All apply.

D)All apply.

The production and release of hormones is controlled by A)other hormones. B)nervous system. C)other chemical substances. D)All apply.

D)All apply.

Type I diabetes mellitus A)is due to lack of insulin. B)results in sugar in the urine. C)is less common than type II diabetes. D)All apply.

D)All apply.

Which of the following hormones will affect another endocrine gland? A)TSH B)ACTH C)Gonadotropins D)All apply.

D)All apply.

A deficiency of ADH will result in A)diabetes insipidus. B)diabetes mellitus. C)large urine volume and increased thirst. D)Both diabetes insipidus and large urine volume and increased thirst are correct.

D)Both diabetes insipidus and large urine volume and increased thirst are correct.

ACTH A)is produced by the anterior pituitary gland. B)stimulates the adrenal cortex. C)stimulates the adrenal medulla. D)Both is produced by the anterior pituitary gland and stimulates the adrenal cortex are correct.

D)Both is produced by the anterior pituitary gland and stimulates the adrenal cortex are correct.

Excessive PTH can lead to hypocalcemia. True False

False: Deficient PTH can lead to hypocalcemia.

NIDDM tends to occur in active juveniles. True False False

False: NIDDM tends to occur in people of any age that are obese.

The adrenal medulla is under parasympathetic nervous system control. True False

False: The adrenal medulla is under sympathetic nervous system control.

The pancreas is composed of glandular and nervous tissue. . True False

False: The pancreas is composed of exocrine and endocrine glandular tissues

A lack of testosterone causes baldness. True False

False: The presence of testosterone with the gene causes baldness.

The sympathetic nervous system achieves the same results as epinephrine and norepinephrine released from the adrenal cortex. True False

False: The sympathetic nervous system achieves the same results as epinephrine and norepinephrine released from the adrenal medulla.

Explain what is meant by negative feedback in reference to hormone regulation.

Negative feedback regulates hormone production.As the amount of the hormone or a product it produces increases,it feeds back to decrease or inhibit the release of that hormone.For example,as blood sugar levels increase,the pancreas releases insulin which enables glucose to move into cells to be used or into the liver for storage.This reduces blood sugar levels which will then decrease the release of insulin.

Compare peptide and steroid hormone action.

Peptide hormones bind to receptors on plasma membranes and activate enzymes that produce the "second messenger" molecule cAMP.cAMP activates enzymes that carry out various cell activities.Some peptide hormones use calcium ions as second messengers.Steroid hormones directly enter cells and bind to receptor molecules in the nucleus.The hormone-receptor complex then binds to DNA and activates certain genes.

Another name for the anterior pituitary gland is the adenohypophysis. True False

True

Estrogen causes a greater accumulation of subcutaneous fat in women than in men. True False

True

The hormones secreted by the thymus are called thymosins. True False

True

The pineal gland is considered to be our biological clock. True False

True