Chapter 10 Topic 4.

Inquisition

Church court set up to try people accused of heresy

How did the Elizabethan Settlement affect the Reformation in England?

Even though Elizabeth preserved many traditional Catholic ideas, she firmly established England as a Protestant nation. During a long and skillful reign, she worked to restore unity, and England escaped the kinds of religious wars that tore apart other European countries in the 1500s.

Ignatius of Loyola

Founder of the Jesuit order

The Elizabethan Settlement

Made during the reign of Elizabeth I, was a response to the religious divisions in England during the reigns of Henry VIII, Edward VI and Mary I

What was the one key belief shared by the different Anabaptist sects?

Only adults should be baptized.

What were the new ideas that protestant sects embraced?

Over the course of the reformation, a large number of of new protestants sects was introduced. Some sects created their own perceptions of the ideology of Luther or Calvin or related to the teachings of another Swiss reformer, Ulrich Zwingli

Dissolution

Separation into component parts

What does the term Counter-Reformation imply about the causes of this movement?

defined as the Roman Catholics efforts against the Protestant Reformation and toward internal renewal; the Counter-Reformation took place during roughly the same period as the Protestant Reformation. That it was a specific response to the Protestant Reformation.

Canonize

Recognized as a saint

Council of Trent

A group of Catholic leaders that met between 1525 and 1563 to respond to protestant challenges and direct the future of the Catholic church

Sect

A subgroup of a major religion

Compromise

Acceptable middle ground

What were the basic components of the Catholic Reformation? Use evidence from the text to support your statements.

Under Elizabeth, English replaced Latin as the language of the Anglican service. The Book of Common Prayer was restored, although it was revised to make it more acceptable to Catholics.

Why did many groups face persecution during the Reformation?

Many religious groups (Jews, Anabaptists, Muslims and Witch Hunts) faced prosecution they all had different opinions toward certain things. Meaning they had different beliefs. Also, because different religious groups blamed other groups for their problems.

Ghetto

Separate section of a city where members of a minority group are forced to live

Catherine of Aragon

The daughter of Spanish monarchs. She married Henry VIII, but did not give birth to a male heir. Catherine refused to annul her marriage so that Henry could marry again, which led to the separation of the Church of England from the Catholic Church

How did the Catholic church reform itself?

The Catholic Church began the Counter Reformation in which, The Council of Trent interpreted (but did not edit) traditional Catholic ideology, The pope recruited bishops committed to readjust to many dioceses, Reparations were established for clergy men that were guilty of abusing their position of power, The Catholic church created more schools, Catholic missionaries permitted increased charity (The Jesuits)

What was one important result of the Catholic Reformation?

The Council of Trent reaffirmed traditional doctrine, tried to end abuses, and established new schools.

The ghetto in Venice was an example of how

restrictions on the Jewish community increased.

Edward VI

Edward VI, the only son of Henry VIII, ruled England from 1547 to 1553

St. Teresa of Avila

Born into a wealthy Spanish family entered a convent in her youth, set up her own order of nuns, who lived in isolation, eating and sleeping very little, and dedicating themselves to prayer and meditation

Counter Reformation

Also called Catholic Reformation. In the history of Christianity, it is defined as the Roman Catholics efforts against the Protestant Reformation and toward internal renewal; the Counter-Reformation took place during roughly the same period as the Protestant Reformation

Thomas Cranmer

Catholic theologian who strongly supported reform. When Henry VII broke with the Roman Catholic church, Cranmer became Englands first archbishop of Canterbury. He distributed English language Bibles to parish churches and later, developed the Book of Common Prayer. Cranmer also advised Henry VII and Edward VI

Elizabeth

Daughter of Anne Boleyn and Henry VIII. Became queen Elizabeth I of England upon the death of Queen Mary

Why did England form a new church?

England formed a new church after the pope had refused to annul Henry VIII's marriage. Because of this, Henry requires that Parliament to pass the Act of Supremacy, which made the English king, not the pope, the leader of England's Church. After this, Henry granted himself an annulment and required that Parliament to legalize it. Due to this, Henry closed the majority of English monasteries and took their lands. England's newly made church became known as the Church of England.

Why did Protestants develop many different sects, rather than embracing Lutheranism?

Everyone had different criticisms about the Catholic Church and they all had different ideas of how the Christian faith was to be.

Why was the pope's denial of Henry VIII's request for an annulment so critical to the formation of the Church of England?

He did not want to offend the Holy Roman emperor Charles V, Catherine's nephew. He therefore refused Henry's request.

What is significant about the fact that during the dissolution, Henry "granted some of these lands to nobles and other high-ranking citizens"?

Henry shrewdly granted some church lands to nobles and other high-ranking citizens, thereby securing their support for the Anglican Church, as the new Church of England was called

Why was religious persecution widespread during the Reformation?

In a time of insecurity people looked for others to blame, especially those most unlike themselves. Also because they would not convert to Christianity, and because of widespread religious intolerance.

Act of Supremacy

It made Henry "the only supreme head on Earth of the Church of England."

What was the impact of the Reformation?

The enormous turmoil that the Reformation was the result of had a long lasting effect on the European political scene. Soon after the Catholic Church decided that Martin Luther was a "protestant," Europe became separated along confessional, and territorial, lines. The religious turmoil of the time led to war within the majority of the states.

Mary Tudor

The first queen to rule England in her own right. The daughter of Henry VIII and his first wife, Catherine of Aragon, Mary was a staunch Catholic who failed to turn back the tide of the Catholic reformation in England. Her vigorous persecution of Protestants earned her the nickname "Bloody Mary"

Pope Paul III

The leader of the catholic reform and an Italian noble who was the last of the Renaissance popes and the first pope of the Counter-Reformation. Paul III was a notable patron of the arts and at the same time encouraged the beginning of the reform movement that was to affect deeply the Roman Catholic Church in the later 16th century. He also called the Council of Trent

The prefix ana- is taken from the Greek language. One meaning of the prefix is against. What do you think is the meaning of the word Anabaptist?

The meaning of the word anabaptist is against baptism.

What main catalyst drove Henry VIII to establish the Church of England?

The pope would not grant him an annulment so he could remarry and produce a male heir.

Henry Vlll

The second Tudor king of England. Well-educated and athletic, he was initially a favorite of English people. He lost much of that popularity with his constant involvement in wars. Henry's desire for a male heir was the catalyst for his eventual break with the Roman Catholic church and the formation of the church of England

Anne Boleyn

The second wife of King Henry VIII of England and mother of Queen Elizabeth I. The events surrounding the annulment of Henry's marriage to his first wife, Catherine of Aragon, and his marriage to Anne led him to break with the Roman Catholic Church and brought about the English Reformation

How might Mary's burning of heretics have strengthened the Protestant cause in England?

she was determined to make England Catholic once more.