Chapter 10 understanding individual Behavior
Machiavellian-ism
Definition: Machiavellianism refers to a tendency to direct one's behavior toward the acquisition of power and the manipulation of other people for personal gain.
internal locus of control
Definition: Having the belief that one's own actions strongly influence what happens to oneself and feeling in control of one's own fate.
Authoritarianism
Definition: Authoritarianism is the belief that power and status differences should exist within an organization.
Personality testing
Definition: A method by which a person answers a series of questions about his/her beliefs, attitudes, work habits, and how he/she might handle situations, in order to identify some of his/her interests and motivations.
job satisfaction
Definition: A positive attitude toward one's job is called job satisfaction.
emotion
Definition: An emotion is a mental state that arises spontaneously rather than through conscious effort and is often accompanied by physiological changes.
personality
Definition: An individual's personality is the set of characteristics that underlie a relatively stable pattern of behavior in response to ideas, objects, or people in the environment.
Attributions
Definition: Attributions are judgments about what caused a person's behavior— something about the person or something about the situation. People make attributions as an attempt to understand why others behave as they do.
manage stress
Definition: Many companies help employees manage stress by offering discounts to local gyms, although a fairly recent workplace trend enables employees to work out while they work. Treadmill desks have shelves where employees can park their laptops and plug in their mobile phones so they can review documents, do online research, and hold meetings as they rack up the miles.
organizational commitment
Definition: Organizational commitment refers to loyalty to and engagement with one's work organization.
perception
Definition: Perception is the cognitive process that people use to make sense out of the environment by selecting, organizing, and interpreting information from the environment.
Perceptual distortions
Definition: Perceptual distortions are errors in perceptual judgment that arise from inaccuracies in any part of the perception process.
role ambiguity
Definition: Role ambiguity refers to uncertainty about what behaviors are expected of a person in a particular role.
role conflict
Definition: Role conflict refers to incompatible demands of different roles, such as the demands of a manager's superiors conflicting with those of the manager's subordinates.
self-awareness
Definition: Self-awareness means being aware of the internal aspects of one's nature, such as personality traits, beliefs, emotions, attitudes, and perceptions, and appreciating how your patterns affect other people.
Self- confidence
Definition: Self-confidence refers to general assurance in one's own ideas, judgment, and capabilities.
self- efficacy
Definition: Self-efficacy is an individual's strong belief that he or she can accomplish a specific task or outcome successfully.
self management
Definition: Self-management is the ability to engage in self-regulating thoughts and behavior to accomplish all your tasks and handle difficult or challenging situations.
Big Five personality Factors
Definition: The Big Five personality factors describe an individual's extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, and openness to experience.
Myers- briggs type indicator ( MBTI)
Definition: The MBTI™ assessment measures a person's preferences for introversion versus extroversion, sensation versus intuition, thinking versus feeling, and judging versus perceiving.
Type A behavior
Definition: The behavior pattern referred to as Type A behavior is characterized by extreme competitiveness, impatience, aggressiveness, and devotion to work
stress
Definition: The behavior pattern referred to as Type A behavior is characterized by extreme competitiveness, impatience, aggressiveness, and devotion to work
self- serving bias
Definition: The self-serving bias is the tendency to overestimate the contribution of internal factors to one's successes and the contribution of external factors to one's failures.
type B Behavior
Definition: Type B behavior is a behavior pattern that reflects few of the Type A characteristics and includes a more balanced, relaxed approach to life.
fundamental attribution error
Definition: When evaluating others, we tend to underestimate the influence of external factors and overestimate the influence of internal factors. This tendency is called the fundamental attribution error.