Chapter 11

(Q016) The Virginia writer George Fitzhugh believed that slaves...

"of the South are the happiest, and in some degree, the freest people in the world."

(Q013) By 1860, more than half of the United States' exports were in...

cotton.

(Q022) In most Latin American nations, the end of slavery followed the pattern established earlier in the northern United States:

gradual emancipation accompanied by recognition of the owners' legal right to property in slaves.

(Q030) Nat Turner....

led an 1831 slave uprising in Virginia, killing about sixty whites.

(Q017) John C. Calhoun of South Carolina considered this idea "the most false and dangerous of all political errors."

that all men are created equal and entitled to liberty

(Q001) The "peculiar institution" of the South was...

the issue of slavery.

(Q009) The Second Middle Passage was...

the slave trade from the older states to the Lower South.

(Q021) In the mid-1800s, few plantations had dedicated buildings for slave worship so most slaves

worshipped in secret or in biracial churches with white ministers.

(Q034) How many slaves were sold between 1820 and 1860 within the United States during the "antebellum" period?

2 million

(Q002) In the Old South, the percentage of white families that owned slaves was approximately...

25 percent

(Q026) In 1839, fifty-three slaves took control of a ship called the...

Amistad

(Q033) In what southern city and state did Frederick Douglass toil as a slave?

Baltimore, Maryland

(Q005) Blacks, free and slave, took part in the Great Awakening of the colonial area, and even more were swept into which southern religions during religious revivals into the late-eighteenth and early-nineteenth centuries?

Baptist and Methodist

(Q031) Southern planters felt a community of interest with...

Cuban and British slaveowners.

(Q036) During the early to mid-1800s, sugar produced in the slave South was America's leading export.

False

(Q038) Dueling remained a legal institution in the South throughout the antebellum era.

False

(Q040) Because of passages in the Bible about servants obeying their masters, most slaveholders firmly agreed that slavery was an illegitimate institution.

False

(Q041) During the early to mid-1800s, sugar produced in the slave South was America's leading export.

False

(Q044) Abraham Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation immediately freed all of the slaves, North and South, forever.

False

(Q045) In the fifty years following the end of the international slave trade in 1808, the number of slaves in the United States fell by 50 percent.

False

(Q047) In 1860, the South produced 90 percent of the nation's manufactured goods.

False

(Q052) The laws of almost all southern states recognized the legality of slave marriages.

False

(Q053) The Underground Railroad ran on steel tracks (after its iron ones were replaced) that were generally hidden in forest growth.

False

(Q054) By the mid-nineteenth century, all states had made it illegal to kill a slave for any reason.

False

(Q011) The most influential African-American of the nineteenth century and the nation's leading advocate of racial equality was...

Frederick Douglass.

(Q003) Which of the following was a part of slavery's impact on the northern economy?

Profits from the cotton trade helped foster industrial development in the North.

(Q010) What was the result of the Missouri court case involving the "crime" of Celia?

She was sentenced to death.

(Q037) The prevalence of plantation slavery kept the South from matching northern rates of immigration, industrial development, and urban growth.

True

(Q039) Slavery for blacks, the South declared, was the surest guarantee of "perfect equality" among whites, as they liberated them from the "low, menial" jobs like factory labor and domestic service performed by wage laborers in the North...

True

(Q042) Slaveowners had many ways to enforce discipline among their slaves--from physical punishment, to material incentives, to the threat of sale.

True

(Q043) Slaves had many ways to "quietly" resist the power of the slaveowners--from feigning illness, to wrecking tools, to performing inadequate labor.

True

(Q048) Three of four white southern families owned no slaves.

True

(Q049) In 1850, most slaveowning families owned fewer than ten slaves.

True

(Q050) For slaves, slavery meant constant fear that their families might be destroyed by sale, incessant toil, and brutal punishment.

True

(Q051) A small number of African-Americans owned slaves in the Old South.

True

(Q060) Slaves transformed the Christianity they acquired, turning it to their own purposes.

True

(Q029) Which of the following is part of the generally accepted account of the 1822 conspiracy led by Denmark Vesey?

Vesey studied the Magna Carta and quoted the Farmer's Almanac.

(Q025) As acts of self-empowerment, enslaved individuals often

abused livestock.

(Q015) "Slave patrols" were ...

farmers who kept a lookout for runaway slaves.

(Q012) By the eve of the Civil War, free blacks in the South were allowed to own

property

(Q006) While owners attempted to prevent slaves from learning about the larger world, slaves created neighborhood networks, such as

ship pilots transmitting information.

(Q019) Henry "Box" Brown escaped slavery by...

shipping himself in a crate from Georgia to the North.

(Q014) In 1860, the largest economic investment in the United States was in

slaves

(Q007) Compared to Brazil and the West Indies, involving hundreds or even thousands of slaves, revolts in the United States were

smaller and less frequent.

(Q028) What happened to the 135 enslaved persons who in 1841 seized the ship, the Creole, and sailed to Nassau in search of freedom?

They were given refuge in the British Caribbean.

(Q059) Following the Nat Turner Rebellion, the Virginia legislature discussed the possibility of abolishing slavery within the state.

True

(Q065) The nineteenth century's "cult of domesticity" applied to slave women as well as white women.

False

(Q066) In the Lower South, fugitive slaves tended to head for rural plantations to hide in plain sight.

False

(Q035) What two southern cities witnessed relatively prosperous free black communities develop in the 1800s?

Charleston and New Orleans

(Q027) Whose name is most often associated with the Underground Railroad?

Harriet Tubman

(Q032) Why did slave owners in the 1850s begin to sell their city slaves to the countryside?

They thought their slaves had too much independence, which negatively influenced the relation between master and slave.

(Q062) Cotton was the major agricultural crop of the South and, indeed, the nation, but slaves also grew rice, sugarcane, tobacco, and hemp.

True

(Q018) The southern state with the highest population of free blacks in 1860 was....

Maryland.

(Q004) Perhaps the most powerful disciplinary weapon slaveholders possessed was...

The threat of sale

(Q046) By 1860, the economic investment represented by the slave population exceeded the value of the nation's factories, railroads, and banks combined.

True

(Q061) The end of slavery in Britain included a payment by Parliament of 20,000 pounds to compensate the owners.

True

(Q024) In American slave culture, jumping over a broomstick was associated with which of the following acts?

Marriage

(Q058) During the American antebellum era, the British Parliament debated a program for abolishing slavery throughout the British empire in 1861. ...

False

(Q055) Often, many slaves supplemented the food provided by their owners with other food items including chickens and vegetables they raised themselves.

True

(Q057) According to abolitionist and former slave, Frederick Douglass, "not to give a slave enough to eat, is regarded as the most aggravated development of meanness, even among slaveholders."

True

(Q063) The reliance on unfree labor extended to the use of renting slaves from plantation owners.

True

(Q064) Given the primitive nature of professional medical treatment, some whites sought out slave healers instead of trained physicians.

True