Chapter 11

Most Common Reason for Prison

-Drug possession charges from laws that came into existence during the War on Drugs. -People of all races use and sell drugs at similar rates

Growth in Number of Incarcerated Women

-Mostly men in prison but increase in women with black and Latina at higher rates than white women. -From a rate of 5,600 women in 1970 to 1 million in jail/prison/parole in 2000

Collateral Consequences

-Prisons sentences impact the family outside of the prison as well. Children experience material, economic and emotional consequences. -It also exacerbates racial inequalities `

13th Amendment

-Section 1: Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the US -Section 2: Comgress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation

Institutional Racism

Characterizes all levels of criminal justice system including -Racial Profiling (officers) -Sentencing disparities -Death penalty sentences

Describe two ways in which an intersectional analysis reveals how the effect of mass incarceration vary by people's social lactation

Less whites in jails but everyone does drugs at about the same rate, racial profiling

Is it correct to state that the U.S.'s incarceration rate is higher than it was in the 1970s because the crime rate has increased over the past four decades? Why or why not?

No, with the Anti-Drug Abuse Acts of 1986 and 1988 people are getting put into jail for offenses with less weight and getting put in for longer time.

Reaganomics

The economic policies of Pres. Reagan involving heavy curs to a wide variety of social programs across the country.

Neoliberalism

The ideology that open markets, liberalized trade, and privatization are the keys to economic success.

Outsourcing

The practice of moving jobs once held by Americans overseas where cheaper labor can be found.

Deindustrialization

The process of decline in industrial activity in a region or economy.

Racial Profiling

The use of race or ethnicity as grounds for suspicion.

Prison-industrial complex (PIC)

The vast network of prisons, jails, courts, police officers and other elements that purport to reduce the amount of criminal activity in our society.

1984 Crime Control Act

This act established mandatory minimum sentences and eliminated federal parole.

Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986

This act imposed even more mandatory minimum sentence. Most significantly, it set a five year mandatory minimum sentence for offenses involving 100 grams of heroin, 500 grams of cocaine, or 5 grams of crack cocaine.

Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988

This act included a 5 year mandatory minimum sentence for simple possession of crack cocaine with no evidence of intent to sell.