Chapter 11
Exercise can produce a fashionable "six pack" of toned muscles. Which of the following muscles is involved in giving the appearance of this defined pack of muscles? a) external oblique b) internal oblique c) transversus abdominis d) rectus abdominis e) serratus anterior
d) rectus abdominis
To turn a doorknob to the right, which muscle(s) of the forearm would you use? a) anconeus b) brachioradialis c) pronator teres d) supinator e) pronator quadratus
d) supinator
Which of these abdominal muscles does not flex or rotate the vertebral column? a) rectus abdominis b) internal oblique c) external oblique d) transversus abdominis e) quadratus lumborum
d) transversus abdominis
This muscle is a prime mover (agonist) in extending the fingers. a) extensor carpi radialis longus b) extensor carpi radialis brevis c) extensor digitorum d) extensor digiti minimi e) extensor carpi ulnaris
) extensor digitorum
) The quadriceps tendon is the strongest tendon in the body.
Answer: False
69) The longer the fibers in a muscle, the less range of motion it is able to produce.
Answer: False
All of the muscles of the superficial posterior (extensor) compartment have at least one of their origins on the interosseus membrane between the radius and ulna.
Answer: False
Which of the following muscles that assist with mastication is not innervated by the mandibular division of the trigeminal (V) nerve? a) buccinator b) masseter c) temporalis d) medial pterygoid e) lateral pterygoid
a) buccinator
The central tendon is an aponeurosis of the __________, and it fuses to the inferior portion of the pericardium (membrane covering the heart), and pleura (membrane covering each lung). a) diaphragm b) rectus abdominis c) transversus abdominis d) internal intercostals e) innermost intercostals
a) diaphragm
) In a hiatus hernia, the stomach protrudes through which opening of the diaphragm? a) the caval opening b) the esophageal hiatus c) the mediastinum d) the aortic hiatus e) the inguinal hiatus
b) the esophageal hiatus
A compartment is a group of muscles, associated fascia, nerves, and blood vessels, which perform a related function. The arm has both an anterior (flexor) compartment, and a posterior (extensor) compartment. Based upon innervations, the biceps brachii, brachialis and brachioradialis would all be members of the anterior compartment.
Answer: False
Impingement syndrome, a common stress-related injury in sports such as tennis or baseball, is caused by compression of the tendon of the infraspinatus.
Answer: False
In extending the arm, the role of the triceps brachii is to act as the antagonist.
Answer: False
In muscles of the limbs, the origin of the muscle is usually distal and the insertion is proximal.
Answer: False
Most of the muscles that move the upper leg (thigh) originate on the femur and insert on the pelvic girdle.
Answer: False
The diaphragm, a muscle involved with breathing, is innervated by the phrenic nerve, a major nerve of the thoracic spinal nerves.
Answer: False
The extrinsic muscles of the tongue insert on the lateral and superior portions of the tongue.
Answer: False
The intrinsic muscles of the hand all have their origins on the distal ends of either the radius or ulna, and their insertions on the metacarpals or phalanges of the hand.
Answer: False
The muscle of the posterior abdominal wall play an important role in forced exhalation, providing muscular force for urination and defecation, and in helping to expel the infant during childbirth.
Answer: False
The muscle that elevates the eyelid (opens the eye), unlike most of the extrinsic muscles of the eye, is innervated by the abducens (VI) nerve.
Answer: False
The muscles of the perineum are superior to the muscles of the pelvic floor.
Answer: False
The only muscles that are ever used in breathing are the diaphragm, and the external intercostals muscles.
Answer: False
55) Improper lifting of a heavy load (such as trying to lift a box of books from its position on the floor), is most likely to cause painful back spasms in which muscle(s)? a) splenius capitis b) splenius cervicis c) longissimus thoracis d) erector spinae e) scalene
d) erector spinae
__________ is a muscle that stabilizes the proximal end of a limb, while other muscles produce movement at the distal end of the same limb. a) prime mover (agonist) b) antagonist c) synergist d) fixator e) flexor
d) fixator
A child who doesn't get his or her way, in addition to pouting, may also stick out (protract) the chin. Which muscle(s) allow a child to protract the chin? a) masseter and buccinator b) buccinator and digastrics c) medial and lateral pterygoid d) masseter and temporalis e) medial pterygoid and temporalis
d) masseter and temporalis
Which of the following muscles would adduct the thigh when contracted? a) gluteus medius b) tensor fasciae latae c) quadratus femoris d) pectineus e) rectus femoris
d) pectineus
Where does the tibialis anterior insert onto the foot? a) by means of the calcaneal tendon b) the interosseus membrane c) the distal phalanx of the great toe d) the first metatarsal and the medial cuneiform e) the base of the fifth metatarsal
d) the first metatarsal and the medial cuneiform
The sternocleidomastoid muscles serves as important landmarks (both anatomically and surgically) that divide the neck into anterior and posterior triangles. The anterior triangle is bordered inferiorly by the clavicle, and laterally by the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid, and by the anterior border of the trapezius muscle.
Answer: False
The term quadriceps refers to the shape of a muscle, and indicates this muscle is shaped approximately like a square, with four corners.
Answer: False
The trapezius and deltoid muscles are both innervated by the axillary nerve.
Answer: False
) The most important muscle that powers breathing is the diaphragm.
Answer: True
105) The intrinsic muscles of the foot have their origins and their insertions within the foot.
Answer: True
A compartment is a group of muscles that have a common function, blood vessels and nerves associated with that muscle group.
Answer: True
All of the muscles of both the superficial and deep posterior (extensor) compartments of the forearm are innervated by the radial nerve or branches of the radial nerve.
Answer: True
Damage to the radial nerve could result in difficulties with both flexing and extending the lower arm.
Answer: True
Four of the six extrinsic muscles that move the eyeball are innervated by the oculomotor nerve (III).
Answer: True
If the hip is the fulcrum, and the muscles of the thigh represent the effort, and the weight of the leg provides the resistance (or load). This is a good example of a third class lever.
Answer: True
It would not be possible to raise the arm above the head if the scapula could not be elevated to move with the humerus.
Answer: True
Most of the muscles of both the superficial and deep anterior (flexor) compartments of the forearm are innervated by the median nerve.
Answer: True
The action of the suprahyoid muscles causes elevation of the hyoid bone, while the infrahyoid muscles generally cause depression of the hyoid.
Answer: True
The belly of the muscle that moves a joint often does not itself cover the joint.
Answer: True
The extrinsic tongue muscles originate outside the tongue and insert within the tongue, while the intrinsic muscles of the tongue have their origins and insertions within the tongue.
Answer: True
The gluteus medius is a common site for intramuscular injections.
Answer: True
The mastoid process of the temporal bone is an important insertion point for muscles of the neck that move the head.
Answer: True
The more fibers per cross-sectional area that a muscle has, the more power it can produce in a contraction.
Answer: True
The muscles of facial expression insert onto the skin, so when they contract, they move skin rather than a joint.
Answer: True
The only type of lever in the body that might not provide mechanical advantage is a first class lever (and these are rare).
Answer: True
The pelvic diaphragm is penetrated by the anal canal and the urethra in both sexes, and by the vagina in females.
Answer: True
The plantar aponeurosis (plantar fascia) extends from the calcaneus to the phalanges of the toes, and when inflamed is a common source of heel pain (plantar fasciitis).
Answer: True
The quadriceps femoris muscle (made up of a group of four muscles) is the largest muscle of the body.
Answer: True
The quadriceps tendon and the patellar ligament are continuous with each other—the quadriceps tendon blends into the patellar ligament.
Answer: True
The suprahyoid muscles are involved with swallowing (deglutition), while the infrahyoid muscles return the hyoid to its pre-swallowing position, and also act on the thyroid cartilage (Adam's apple) of the larynx in the production of speech.
Answer: True
The tibialis anterior is important for dorsiflexion of the foot.
Answer: True
When the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall become weakened and stretched, the result is a "pot belly."
Answer: True
Which of the following is an example of a first class lever in action? a) raising (extending) the head on the vertebral column b) raising the forearm by contracting the biceps brachii c) raising the heel of the foot off the floor to stand on the ball of the foot
a) raising (extending) the head on the vertebral column
Which of the following muscles is known as the "tailor's muscle" because it helps you cross your legs so that you could sit with the heel of one limb resting on the knee of the other limb (in centuries past, sitting with crossed legs was the way tailor's, makers of clothing, would sit to do their sewing). a) sartorius b) gracilis c) adductor longus d) vastus intermedius e) semitendinosus
a) sartorius
Which muscle would be important to a ballerina's ability to plantar flex the foot (commonly called "pointing the toes")? a) soleus b) flexor hallucis longus c) tibialis posterior d) popliteus e) extensor digitorum longus
a) soleus
) Which one of the following muscles that move the scapula is innervated by the Accessory (XI) nerve? a) trapezius b) levator scapulae c) serratus anterior d) pectoralis minor e) rhomboid major and minor
a) trapezius
Which of the following may be used to treat urinary stress incontinence? a) an episiotomy b) Kegel exercises c) RICE therapy d) faciotomy e) prosthetic shoe inserts
b) Kegel exercises
Which of the following perineal muscles is involved with erection of the penis in males, and of the clitoris in females? a) levator ani b) bulbospongiosus c) superficial transverse perineal d) deep transverse perineal e) sphincter urethrovaginalis
b) bulbospongiosus
Muscle fascicles can be arranged in one of several patterns. Which of the following patterns is not an example of the arrangement of fascicles in a muscle? a) pennate b) elliptical c) fusiform d) triangular e) circular
b) elliptical
The __________ muscle(s) is (are) the primary extensor muscle(s) of the vertebral column. a) transversospinales b) erector spinae c) spinalis thoracis d) scalene group e) rotators
b) erector spinae
) Which of the following muscles would be needed to flex (curl) the toes? a) extensor digitorum brevis and abductor hallucis b) flexor digitorum brevis and abductor digiti minimi c) lumbricals and abductor hallucis d) plantar interossei and flexor digitorum brevis e) extensor hallucis brevis and extensor digitorum brevis
b) flexor digitorum brevis and abductor digiti minimi
This muscle group makes up the posterior compartment (a group of muscles, nerves and blood vessels with a similar purpose)of the thigh, and is innervated by branches of the sciatic nerve). This group is also a powerful extensor of the thigh. a) quadriceps femoris b) hamstrings c) adductors magnus, longus and brevis d) obturator externus, and superior and inferior gemellus e) iliopsoas muscle
b) hamstrings
Which of the following is the strongest muscle of mastication? a) buccinator b) masseter c) temporalis d) medial pterygoid e) lateral pterygoid
b) masseter
Which intrinsic muscle of the hand allows us to move our thumb so that we can oppose (touch) the tip of the other four fingers of the hand? a) abductor policis brevis b) opponens pollicis c) flexor policis brevis d) adductor policis e) opponens digiti minimi
b) opponens pollicis
Which of the following muscles would adduct the arm by acting on the humerus? a) deltoid b) pectoralis major c) supraspinatus d) infraspinatus e) teres minor
b) pectoralis major
Which of the following terms that can be used to name a muscle, implies that the muscle is diamond-shaped? a) deltoid b) rhomboid c) gracilis d) brevis e) tensor
b) rhomboid
Ross is in a car accident, and experiences damage to the trigeminal (V) nerve. Which action will possibly be affected by this trauma? 1. lateral movement of the eye 2. blinking of the eyelids 3. chewing food 4. puckering of the lips a) 1 only b) 2 only c) 3 only d) 4 only e) both 3 & 4 will be affected
c) 3 only
Which of the following muscles act to stabilize the scapula, and would also, when contracted, pull the shoulders back (like a soldier at attention)? 1. trapezius 2. levator scapulae 3. rhomboid major and minor a) 1 only b) 2 only c) 3 only d) 1& 2 e) 2 & 4
c) 3 only
Which of the following muscles is "short?" a) levator scapulae b) vastus lateralis c) adductor brevis d) tensor fasciae latae e) extensor carpi ulnaris
c) adductor brevis
Which of the following statements is not true about the gluteus maximus? a) it can act to extend the torso, which is an example of reverse muscle action (RMA) b) in RMA, the insertion of this muscle is on the pelvic girdle rather than on the femur c) extension of the torso occurs wh en one is bowing, as an actor after a performance d) it is the largest of the gluteal muscles e) is the prime mover for extension of the femur
c) extension of the torso occurs wh en one is bowing, as an actor after a performance
If you wished to evert the foot (turn the sole of the foot outward or laterally), which muscle below would you need to contract? a) tibialis anterior b) extensor digitorum longus c) fibularis longus d) gastrocnemius e) soleus
c) fibularis longus
A muscle that acts as a __________ stabilizes the origin of the prime mover so that the prime mover may act more efficiently. a) antagonist b) abductor c) fixator d) synergist e) agonist
c) fixator
Which of the following nerves controls most of the muscles of the tongue? a) trigeminal (V) nerve b) facial (VII) nerve c) hypoglossal (XII) nerve d) C1-C3 of the spinal nerves e) trochlear (IV) nerve
c) hypoglossal (XII) nerve
The muscles of the pelvic floor originate on the pubis and __________, and insert onto soft tissues and the __________. a) anterior inferior iliac spine / ischial spine b) posterior superior iliac spine / sacrum c) ischial spine / coccyx d) sacrum / coccyx e) anterior inferior iliac spine / coccyx
c) ischial spine / coccyx
Carpal tunnel syndrome involves compression of what nerve as it passes through the narrow passageway formed anteriorly by the flexor retinaculum and posteriorly by the carpal bones? a) ulnar nerve b) radial nerve c) median nerve d) deep radial nerve e) axillary nerve
c) median nerve
) Muscles of the ____ assist in urination, defecation, erection of the penis or clitoris, and ejaculation. a) thorax b) abdomen c) perineum d) vertebral column e) none of these choices
c) perineum
Which of the following muscles of the thorax is known as the "boxer's muscle" because of its role in moving the arm to make a punching motion? a) levator scapulae b) trapezius c) serratus anterior d) pectoralis minor e) rhomboid major
c) serratus anterior
Muscles act on bones to produce movement. The bones act as levers and the joints act as __________. a) the load b) the resistance c) the fulcrum d) the force e) the effort
c) the fulcrum
What is the most common class of levers found in the body? a) first class lever b) second class lever c) third class lever
c) third class lever
Which of the following pairs of muscles inserts onto the olecranon of the ulna? a) brachialis and anconeus b) triceps brachii and pronator teres c) triceps brachii and anconeus d) biceps brachii and brachialis e) pronator teres and pronator quadratus
c) triceps brachii and anconeus
) Which of the following extrinsic eye muscles would make it possible for you to look upward (elevation of the eyeball)? 1. superior rectus 2. inferior rectus 3. inferior oblique a) 1 only b) 2 only c) 3 only d) 1 and 3 e) 2 and 3
d) 1 and 3
27) Which of the following muscles have an insertion on the xiphoid process? 1. rectus abdominis 2. internal and external obliques 3. transversus abdominis a) 1 only b) 2 only c) 3 only d) 1 and 3 e) 2 and 3
d) 1 and 3
Which term best applies to a muscle that acts to move a bone away from the midline of the body? a) oblique b) synergist c) flexor d) abductor e) adductor
d) abductor
Which of the following pairs of muscles are agonist-antagonists (that is, one flexes and the other extends) the forearm? a) biceps brachii and brachioradialis b) brachialis and brachioradialis c) triceps brachii and anconeus d) biceps brachii and triceps brachii e) anconeus and supinator
d) biceps brachii and triceps brachii
) The rectus femoris of the upper leg is an example of what type of fascicle arrangement? a) fusiform b) triangular c) pennate d) bipennate e) multipennate
d) bipennate
) Which of the following muscles is (are) not a component of the pelvic diaphragm? a) levator ani b) pubococcygeus c) iliococcygeus d) bulbospongiosus e) ischiococcygeus
d) bulbospongiosus
Which of the following muscles abducts the arm and also has an origin on the clavicle? a) pectoralis major b) subclavius c) pectoralis minor d) deltoid e) subscapularis
d) deltoid
) Which of the following muscles act(s) to increase the size of the thoracic cavity during inhalation? 1. diaphragm 2. external intercostals 3. internal intercostals a) 1 only b) 2 only c) 3 only d) 1, 2 & 3 e) 1 and 2
e) 1 and 2
Which of the following is not one of the quadriceps femoris group of muscles? 1. gracilis 2. sartorius 3. vastus medialis 4. vastus lateralis a) 1 only b) 2 only c) 3 only d) 4 only e) 1 and 3
e) 1 and 3
Which of the following perineal muscle(s) is (are) not innervated by the perineal branch of the pudendal nerve of the sacral plexus? 1. external urethral sphincter 2. deep transverse perineal muscle 3. external anal sphincter a) 1 only b) 2 only c) 3 only d) 1, 2 & 3 e) 1 and 3
e) 1 and 3
Following a serious ear infection, Rosa develops paralysis on one side of her face. Her mouth and eyelids droop on that side. She can't raise her eyebrow or pucker her lips on the affected side either. Which of the following statements are correct about Rosa's condition? 1. she has a condition known as Bell's Palsy 2. her trochlear nerve (IV) is affected 3. her trigeminal nerve (V) is affected 4. her facial nerve (VII) is affected a) 1 only b) 2 only c) 3 only d) 4 only e) 1 and 4
e) 1 and 4
) The extrinsic muscles of the tongue have their origins on which of the following bones of the skull? 1. hyoid 2. maxilla 3. temporal 4. mandible a) 1 only b) 2 only c) 3 only d) 4 only e) 1, 3 and 4
e) 1, 3 and 4
) The linea alba is made up of what structures? 1. the aponeurosis of the rectus abdominis 2. the aponeurosis of the transversus abdominis 3. the aponeurosis of the internal and external obliques a) 1 only b) 2 only c) 3 only d) 1, 2 & 3 e) 2 & 3
e) 2 & 3
Which of the following statements is correct about the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscles? a) acting together, the SCM muscles flex the head at the cervical portion of the vertebral column b) acting individually, an SCM muscle turns the head (flexes and rotates) c) it is innervated by both the accessory (XI) nerve, C2, and C3 d) it originates on the manubrium of the sternum, and the medial third of the clavicle e) all of these are correct statements
e) all of these are correct statements
This group of back muscles have their origins on the cervical vertebra, and insert on the first or second ribs. Their action is to elevate these ribs during deep inhalation. a) iliocostalis group b) transversospinales c) spinalis group d) splenius muscles e) scalenes
e) scalenes
When the term rectus appears in the name of a muscle, it indicates that a) it is a relatively small muscle b) it is a relatively large muscle c) it is circular in shape d) it is flat in shape e) the muscle fascicles run parallel to the midline of the body
e) the muscle fascicles run parallel to the midline of the body
The thenar eminence is a raised and rounded area on the palm of the hand that is associated with what digit? a) the index finger (finger 2) b) the middle finger (finger 3) c) the ring finger (finger 4) d) the little finger (finger 5) e) the thumb
e) the thumb
Which list includes muscles that are responsible for facial expressions? a) deltoid, pectoralis major, serratus anterior b) rectus abdominis, internal oblique, transversus abdominis c) serratus anterior, external intercostals, internal intercostals d) levator scapulae, rhomboid minor, subscapularis e) zygomaticus major, risorius, platysma Answer: e
e) zygomaticus major, risorius, platysma
Which of the following represents the correct list of superficial anterior (flexor) compartment muscles from lateral to medial? a) flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor digitorum superficialis (deep to other three muscles) b) flexor digitorum profundus, flexor policis longus c) extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, extensor carpi ulnaris d) abductor policis longus, extensor policis brevis, extensor policis longus, extensor indicis
flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor digitorum superficialis (deep to other three muscles)