Chapter 11

row

user of a relational database refers to it as ___ (record)

collaborative databases

users store and share photos, videos, recordings, and other personal media with other registered users

principle of least privilege policy

users' access privileges are limited to the lowest level necessary to perform required tasks

recovery utility

uses logs and/or backups, and either a rollforward or a rollback technique to restore a database when it becomes damaged or destroyed

detailed report

usually just lists transactions

default value

value that the DBMS initially displays in a field

completeness check

verifies that a required field contains data

enterprise resource planning

integrates MRP II with the information flow across an organization to manage and coordinate the ongoing activities of the enterprise, including product planning, manufacturing and distribution, accounting and finance, sales, human resources, and customer support

field name

uniquely identifies each field

column

user of a relational database refers to it as ___ (field)

table

user of a relational database refers to it as ___ (file)

form

window on the screen that provides areas for entering or modifying data in a database

database administrator

DBA - requires a more technical inside view of the data

database management software

DBMS - users create a computerized database; add, modify, and delete data in the database; sort and retrieve data from the database; and create forms and reports from the data in the database

document management system

DMS - allows for storage and management of a company's documents

object oriented database

OODB - stores data in objects

object query language

OQL - object-oriented and object-relational databases often use a query language called ___

check digit

a number(s) or character(s) that is appended to or inserted in a primary key value

reduced redundancy, improved integrity, shared data, easier access, reduced development time

advantages of a database approach R-I-S-A-D

report writer

allows users to design a report on the screen, retrieve data into the report design, and then display or print the report

back end

application that supports a front-end program

continuous backup

backup plan in which changes are backed up as they are made

rollback

backward recovery - DBMS uses the log to undo any changes made to the database during a certain period

database

collection of data organized in a manner that allows access, retrieval, and use of that data

data file

collection of related records stored on a storage medium such as a hard drive or optical disc

field

combination of one or more related characters or bytes and is the smallest unit of data a user accesses

knowledge base

combined subject knowledge and experiences of the human experts

database server

computer that stores and provides access to a database

query language

consists of simple, english-like statements that allow users to specify the data they want to display, print, store, update, or delete

summary report

consolidates data usually with totals, tables, or graphs, so that managers can review it quickly and easily

backup

copy of the entire database; should be made on a regular basis

external sources

data from interest rates, population trends, costs of new housing construction, or raw material pricing

database analyst

data modeler - focuses on the meaning and usage of data

redundant data

data that is duplicated in the same file

isolated data

data that is stored in separate files in different departments

relational database

database that stores data in tables that consist of rows and columns

data model

defines how users view the organization of the data

range check

determines whether a number is within a specific range

attribute

developer of a relational database refers to it as ___ (field)

relation

developer of a relational database refers to it as ___ (file)

tuple

developer of a relational database refers to it as ___ (record)

complex, vulnerable

disadvantages of database approach

content management system

enables and manages the publishing, modification, organization, and access of various forms of documents and other files, including media and webpages, on a network or the web

alphabetic check

ensures that users enter only alphabetic data into a field

numeric check

ensures that users enter only numeric data into a field

query by example

feature that has a graphical user interface to assist users with retrieving data

primary key

field that uniquely identifies each record in a file

rollforward

forward recovery - DBMS uses the log to reenter changes made to the database since the lasst save or backup

record

group of related fields

decision support system

helps users analyze information and make decisions

exception report

identifies data outside of a normal condition

transaction processing system

information system that captures and processes data from day-to-day business activities

expert system

information system that captures and stores the knowledge of human experts and then imitates human reasoning and decision making

management information system

information system that generates accurate, timely, and organized info, so that managers and other users can make decisions

object

item that contains data, as well as the actions that read or process the data

relationship

link within the data

log

listing of activities that modify the contents of the database

database approach

many programs and users share the data in a secure database

exception criteria

out of the ordinary conditions that define the normal activity or status range

structured query language

popular query language that allows users to manage, update, and retrieve data

file maintenance

procedures that keep data current

validation

process of comparing data with a set of rules or values to determine if the data is correct

online analytical processing

program that analyze data, such as those in a decision support system

front end

program that generally has a more user-friendly interface than the DBMS

accurate, organized, timely, verifiable, accessible, useful, cost-effective

qualities of valuable information A-O-T-V-A-U-CE

data integrity

reflects quality of data

data dictionary

repository - contains data about each file in the database and each field in those files

character

represented by a byte; can be a letter or number

query

request for specific data from the database

information system

set of hardware, software, data, people, and procedures that work together to produce information

inference rules

set of logical judgments that are applied to the knowledge base each time a user describes a situation to the expert system

data type

specifies the kind of data a field can contain and how the field is used

multidimensional database

stores data in dimensions

file processing system

system where each department or area within an organization has its own set of files

consistency check

tests the data in two or more associated fields to ensure that the relationship is logical and their data is in the correct format