Chapter 11- EMT

The pressure of gas in a full cylinder of oxygen is approximately ______ pounds per square inch

2,000

At a flow of 6L/min, a nasal cannula can deliver an approximate oxygen concentration of up to

44%

What is the alveolar volume of a patient with a tidal volume of 500 ml, a dead space volume of 150 ml, and a respiratory rate of 16 breaths/min?

5600ml

With a good mask-to-face seal and an oxygen flow rate of 15 L/min, the nonrebreathing mask is capable of delivering up to ______% inspired oxygen.

90

Which if the following statements regarding normal gas exchange in the lunch's is correct

Oxygen and Carson dioxide diffuse across the alveolar walls and capillaries

Structures of the lower airway include all off the following, EXCEPT

the epiglottis

Which of the following statement/ regarding the one person bag technique is correct

Adequate tidal volume is often difficult to active when one EMT is operating the bag mask device.

Which of the following statements regarding the one- person bag- mask technique is correct

Adequate tidal volume is often difficult to achieve when one EMT is operating the bag-mask device.

A 23-year-old male experienced severe head trauma after his motorcycle collided with an oncoming truck. He is unconscious, has rapid and shallow breathing, and has copious bloody secretions in his mouth. How should you manage his airway?

Alternate 15 seconds of oral suctioning with 2 minutes of assisted ventilation.

High-flow oxygen with a nasal during the preoxygenation phase of endotracheal is called

Apneic oxygenation

You and your partner are treating a 66 year old man who experience a sudden onset of respiratory distress. He is conscious but is unable to follow simple verbal commands . Further assessment reveals that his breathing is severely labored and his oxygen saturation is 80%. You should?

Assist his ventilation with a bag -mask. Device

Irregular respirations characterized by an increasing rate and depth of breathing followed by periods of apnea are called:

Cheyne-Stokes respirations

The purpose of the pin-indexing system for compressed gas cylinder is to

Ensure the the correct regulator is used for the cylinder

The process of exchanging oxygen and Carson dioxide between the alveoli and the blood of the capillaries is called

External respiration

Which of the following statements regarding oxygenation and ventilation is correct

In mines or confined places, where oxygen levels are low, ventilation may continue despite adequate oxygenation.

Which of the following statement regarding oxygenation and ventilation is correct

In mines or confined places, where oxygen levels are low, ventilation may continue despite inadequate oxygenation

How does CPAP improve oxygenation and ventilation in patients with certain respiratory problems?

It force the alveoli open and increases the concentration of oxygen in the alveoli

How does positive-pressure ventilation affect cardiac output?

It increases intrathoracic pressure, which decreases venous return to the heart and causes a decrease in cardiac output.

Prior to applying a nonrebreathing mask to a patient, you must ensure that the

Reservoir bag is filling inflated

Which of the following factors will cause a reduction in minutes volume in an adult

Shellie breathing

Central chemoreceptors located in the medulla provided feedback to increase the rate and depth of breathing when they sense

Slight increase in carbon dioxide or a decrease in the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid

Ventilation/perfusion (V/Q ratio) mismatch occurs when

a disruption in blood flow inhibits the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs, even though the alveoli are filled with fresh oxygen.

Gas exchange in the lungs is facilitated by:

adequate amounts of surfactant.

A 51-year-old female presents with a sudden onset of difficulty breathing. She is conscious and alert and able to speak in complete sentences. Her respirations are 22 breaths/min and regular. You should:

administer 100% oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask.

Your protocols state that during the first few minutes of working on a cardiac arrest patient, you should provide passive ventilation. This means that you will:

allow recoil of the chest between compressions to draw air into the lungs

The primary waste product of aerobic metabolism is

carbon dioxide

A man was found unresponsive in his bed at home. There is no evidence of injury and the patient's medical history is not known. The patient's face is cyanotic, yet the pulse oximeter reads 98%. Which of the following would MOST likely explain this?

carbon monoxide poisoning

To select the proper size oropharyngeal airway, you should measure from the:

corner of the mouth to the earlobe.

The ________ cartilage is a firm ring that forms the inferior part of the larynx

cricoid

For which of the following conditions would the EMT most likely administer humidified oxygen

croup

Which of the following would NOT cause a decrease in tidal volume

deep respirations

Which of the following structures is contained within the mediastinum

esophagus

The presence of elevated carbon dioxide levels in the blood is called

hypercarbia

The MOST significant complication associated with oropharyngeal suctioning is

hypoxia due to prolonged suction attempts

Hypoxia is MOST accurately defined as:

inadequate oxygen to the tissues and cells

In contrast to inhalation, exhalation:

is a passive process caused by increased intrathoracic pressure.

You are dispatched to a residence where a middle-aged man was found unconscious in his front yard. There are no witnesses who can tell you what happened. You find him in a prone position; his eyes are closed and he is not moving. Your FIRST action should be

log roll him as a unit to a supine position.

As the single EMT managing an apneic patient's airway, the preferred initial method of providing ventilations is the:

mouth-to-mask technique with a one-way valve.

The MOST serious complication associated with using a nasopharyngeal airway in a patient with trauma to the head or face is

penetrating the cranium.

The diaphragm is innervated by the ________ nerve, which allows it to contract

phrenic

You are ventilating an apneic woman with a bag-mask device. She has dentures, which are tight-fitting. Adequate chest rise is present with each ventilation, and the patient's oxygen saturation reads 96%. When you reassess the patency of her airway, you note that her dentures are now loose, although your ventilations are still producing adequate chest rise. You should:

remove her dentures, resume ventilations, and assess for adequate chest rise.

An unconscious patient found in a prone position must be placed in a supine position in case he or she:

requires CPR

You have inserted an oral airway and are ventilating an apneic woman with a bag-mask device. She suddenly begins regurgitating large amounts of vomit. You should:

roll her onto her side and remove the oral airway.

Proper technique for suctioning the oropharynx of an adult patient includes:

suctioning while withdrawing the catheter from the oropharynx.

The physical act of moving air into and out of the lungs is called

ventilation