chapter 11

Gas exchange in the lungs is facilitated by: a. adequate amounts of surfactant b. water or blood within the alveoli c. surfactant-destroying organisms d. pulmonary capillary constriction

a. adequate amounts of surfactant

The process of exchanging oxygen and co2 between the alveoli and the blood of the capillaries is called: a. External respiration b. Cellular metabolism c. Pulmonary ventilation d. Alveolar ventilation

a. external respiration

which of the following would case an increase in the amount of exhaled carbon dioxide? a. increased cardiac output b. cardiopulmonary arrest c. anaerobic metabolism d. excessive ventilation

a. increased cardiac output

How does CPAP improve oxygenation and ventilation in patients with certain respiratory problems? a. it forces the alveoli open and increases the concentration of oxygen in the alveoli b. it pushes thick, infected pulmonary secretions into isolated areas of the lung c. it decreases intrathoracic pressure, which allows more room for lung expansion d. it prevents alveolar collapse by pushing air into the lungs during inhalation

a. it forces the alveoli open and increases the concentration of oxygen in the alveoli

Which of the following factors will cause a reduction in minute volume in an adult? a. shallow breathing b. increasing tidal volume c. respirations of 20 breaths/min d. slight increase in respiratory rate

a. shallow breathing

central chemoreceptors located in the medulla provide feedback to increase the rate and depth of breathing when they sense: a. slight increases in carbon dioxide or a decrease in the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid b. slight decreases in carbon dioxide and an increase in the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid c. decreased levels of oxygen in the blood and an increase in the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid d. increased levels of oxygen in the blood and a decrease in the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid

a. slight increases in carbon dioxide or a decrease in the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid

High-flow oxygen with a nasal cannula during the preoxygenation phase of endotracheal intubation called: a. denitrogenation b. apneic oxygenation c. passive ventilation d. active ventilation

b. apneic oxygenation

Which of the following is a late sign of hypoxia? a. anxiety b. cyanosis c. tachycardia d. restlessness

b. cyanosis

In contrast to inhalation, exhalation: a. requires muscular effort to effectively expel air from lungs. b. Is a passive process caused by increased intrathoracic pressure. c. Occurs when the diaphragm lowers and expels air from the lungs d. Is an active process caused by decreased intrathoracic pressure.

b. is a passive process caused by increased intrathoracic pressure

The hypoxic drive is influenced by: .a. high blood oxygen levels b. low blood oxygen levels c. low blood carbon dioxide levels d. high blood carbon dioxide levels

b. low blood oxygen levels

While providing CPAP to a patient in severe respiratory distress, you note that his heart rate has increased by 20 beats/min. He is conscious, but is no longer following verbal commands. You should: a. decrease the amount of pressure that the CPAP device is delivering b. remove the CPAP device and ventillate him with a bag-mask device c. increase the amount of pressure that the CPAP device is delivering d. remove the CPAP device and apply oxygen by nonrebreathing mask

b. remove the CPAP device and ventillate him with a bag-mask device

Which statement regarding oxygenation and ventilation is correct? a. in carbon monoxide (CO) positing, ventilation is impaired because CO binds to oxygen very quickly b. Oxygenation is the movement of air into and out of the lungs, whereas ventilation is the exchange of gasses. c. In mines or confined places, where oxygen levels are low, ventilation may continue despite inadequate oxygenation. d. Oxygenation without adequate ventilation can occur in climbers who quickly ascend to an altitude of lower atmospheric pressure.

c. In mines or confined places, where oxygen levels are low, ventilation may continue despite inadequate oxygenation.

The primary waste product of aerobic metabolism is: a. lactic acid b. pyruvic acid c. carbon dioxide d. adenosine triphosphate

c. carbon dioxide

CPAP is indicated for patients who: a. have signs of pneumonia but are breathing adequately b. are unresponsive and have signs of inadequate ventilation c. have pulmonary edema and can follow verbal commands d. are hypotensive and have a marked reduction in tidal volume

c. have pulmonary edema and can follow verbal commands

Each cell of the body combines nutrients and oxygen and produces energy and waste products through a process called a. Respiration b. Ventilation c. Metabolism d. Oxygenation

c. metabolism

A 37-year-old male has an apparent foreign body airway obstruction. He is conscious and alert and is coughing forcefully. His skin is pink, warm, and moist. The MOST appropriate treatment for this patient includes: a. a series of back blows and chest thrusts b. finger sweeps to remove the obstruction c. a series of abdominal thrusts d. encouraging him to cough and transporting

d. encouraging him to cough and transporting

without adequate oxygen, the body's cells: a. rely solely on glucose, which is completely converted into adenosine triphosphate b. cease metabolism altogether, resulting in carbon dioxide accumulation in the blood c. began to metabolize fat, resulting in the production and accumulation of ketoacids d. incompletely convert glucose into energy, and lactic acid accumulates in the blood

d. incompletely convert glucose into energy, and lactic acid accumulates in the blood

While eating dinner, your partner suddenly grabs his throat and has a panicked look on his face. He has a weak cough, faint inspiratory stridor, and cyanosis around the lips. You should: a. encourage him to cough as forcefully as he can b. deliver up to five back blows and reassess him c. place him in a supine position and open his airway d. stand behind him and administer abdominal thrusts

d. stand behind him and administer abdominal thrusts