Chapter 11 (Personality)

Who developed the first comprehensive theory of personality?

Sigmund Freud

If parents are too lenient in the ________ stage, the child might become messy, careless, disorganized, and prone to emotional outbursts.

anal

Ina can no longer read the street signs, but she refuses to admit she needs glasses to drive. Which defense mechanism does this exemplify?

denial

A(an) ________ locus of control is the belief that our outcomes are outside of our control; an ________ locus of control is the belief that we control our own outcomes.

external; internal

In the ________ stage, there is a sexual reawakening as the incestuous urges resurface. The young person redirects these urges to other, more socially acceptable partners (who often resemble the other-sex parent).

genital

__________ describes a proportion of difference among people that is attributed to genetics.

heritability

Sigmund Freud suggested that people who are dominated by their ________ might be narcissistic and impulsive.

id

The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) is projective test __________.

in which people are presented with ambiguous images

According to Sigmund Freud, an adult who smokes, drinks, overeats, or bites her nails is fixated in the ________ stage of her psychosexual development.

oral

Self-efficacy is ________.

our level of confidence in our own abilities

_________ theorist attempt to explain our personality by identifying our stable characteristics and ways of behaving.

trait

The traits openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism are key components of the ____________.

Five Factor Model

Who suggested that men have womb envy because they cannot give birth?

Karen Horney

Asa is buying a gift for his mother, an overbearing woman who is difficult to please. When a clerk asks him who he is shopping for he replies, "my smother" instead of "my mother." What does this exemplify?

Freudian slip

Jessica believes that she succeeds in high school because she works hard, earned a place on the basketball team because she practices constantly, and cooks well because she takes cooking classes. Julian Rotter would say that Jessica has ________.

an internal locus of control