Chapter 11

About ________ percent of the total economic output of the United States derives from the output of the knowledge and information sectors of the economy. 15 65 55 85 20

20

Which of the following is not true about AI technologies? AI systems take data from the environment, and produce outputs like other computer programs. Speech recognition is used in intelligent personal assistants like Siri and Alexa. AI programs today have mastered common sense thinking similar to humans. AI can recognize human speech with only a 6 percent error rate. AI programs can recognize faces.

AI programs today have mastered common sense thinking similar to humans.

Which of the following is a computer-based system that attempts to emulate how humans think and act? LMS AI technology Genetic algorithms Virtual reality systems Neural networks

AI technology

Which of the following is the first step in the knowledge management value chain? Apply Disseminate Store Feedback Acquire

Acquire

What is the last value-adding step in the knowledge business value chain? Acquire Data and information acquisition Store Apply Disseminate

Apply

Which of the following seeks to enhance human perception by combining a live direct view of the physical world with computer-generated images? Knowledge Work System Computer-Aided Design Machine Learning System Expert system Augmented reality

Augmented reality

Which of the following techniques is used for knowledge acquisition? CAD Data mining Content management system Decision support systems Transaction processing systems

Data mining

You are advising a video production company on the best type of knowledge management system to help them archive digital video and sound clips. Which of the following will suit their needs? CAD system Digital asset management system MOOC Virtual reality system LMS

Digital asset management system

Which of the following types of system enables organizations to digitize, index, and tag structured and unstructured knowledge and documents according to a coherent framework? Wikis CAD ECM VR LMS

ECM

Which of the following are the three major types of knowledge management systems? DBMS, DSS, and ECM CRM, SCM, and CAD COPs, ECM, and MIS Enterprise-wide knowledge management systems, KWS, and intelligent techniques MIS, DSS, and TPS

Enterprise-wide knowledge management systems, KWS, and intelligent techniques

Which of the following would not be classified as a KWS? AR applications Expert system CAD system 3D visualization system VR system

Expert system

Which of the following statements about genetic algorithms is not true? Genetic algorithms use an iterative process to refine initial solutions so that better ones are more likely to emerge as the best solution. Genetic algorithms are able to evaluate many solution alternatives quickly to find the best one. Genetic algorithms are based on techniques inspired by evolutionary biology. Genetic algorithms are used to solve problems that are very dynamic and complex, involving hundreds or thousands

Genetic algorithms discover knowledge by using hardware and software that parallel the processing patterns of the biological or human brain.

Which of the following statements about 3-D printing is not true? It is incompatible with the cloud. It uses specifications in a digital file. It creates objects layer by layer. It is also called additive manufacturing. It creates solid objects.

It is incompatible with the cloud.

Which of the following does not describe the dimensions of knowledge in a firm? It is a cognitive event involving mental models. It is enmeshed in a firm's culture. It is intangible. It is subject to the laws of diminishing returns. It is contextual and applicable only in relevant situations.

It is subject to the laws of diminishing returns.

Specialized systems built for knowledge workers charged with discovering and creating new knowledge for a company are called: Knowledge Work Systems (KWS). Learning Management Systems (LMS). wikis. enterprise-wide knowledge management systems. COPs.

Knowledge Work Systems (KWS).

What is meant by the statement "knowledge is sticky"? Knowledge is difficult to replace. Knowledge is intangible. Knowledge works only in certain situations. Knowledge is universally applicable. Knowledge is hard to move.

Knowledge is hard to move.

Which of the following is not one of the main four dimensions of knowledge described in the chapter? Knowledge is a firm asset. Knowledge is situational. Knowledge has different forms. Knowledge has a location. Knowledge is timeless.

Knowledge is timeless.

Which of the following statements is not an accurate description of the importance of knowledge to a firm? Much of the firm's value relies on being able to create knowledge. Knowledge experiences network effects as more people share it. Knowledge is unconditional. Knowledge enables firms to become more efficient in their use of scarce resources. Knowledge should be seen as an intangible key asset.

Knowledge is unconditional.

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between collaboration and knowledge management? Collaboration is impossible without knowledge. As knowledge improves, so does collaboration. Knowledge is impossible without collaboration. Knowledge is the result of collaboration. Knowledge is useful only when shared with others.

Knowledge is useful only when shared with others.

Which of the following is a tool for the management, delivery, tracking, and assessment of various types of employee learning? Employee enrichment system Investment workstation LMS Organizational learning system Employee management system

LMS

What type of intelligent technique helps Netflix develop a personalized selection of videos for customers? Deep learning neural networks Neural networks Intelligent agents Machine learning Genetic algorithms

Machine learning

________ can improve their performance without explicit programming. Neural networks Communities of practice Intelligent techniques Genetic algorithms Machine learning

Machine learning

Which of the following statements about natural language processing (NLP) is not true? NLP can infer customers' specific needs when they call help centers. NLP relies on the use of natural language experts. NLP often uses neural networks. NLP is used by Google to return more meaningful search engine results based on the user's search language. NLP is typically based on machine learning techniques.

NLP relies on the use of natural language experts.

Which of the following is a type of intelligent technique? LMS Neural network Digital asset management Augmented reality CAD

Neural network

Which of the following has a large number of sensing and processing nodes that continuously interact with each other? Business intelligence systems Expert systems Neural networks Genetic algorithm Knowledge management systems

Neural networks

Which of the following describes a difference between neural networks and genetic algorithms? Genetic algorithms are used to evaluate alternative solutions to problems, whereas neural networks are used to discover patterns in data. Neural networks are a type of machine learning, whereas genetic algorithms are static programs. Genetic algorithms are a type of knowledge discovery, while neural networks are an intelligent technique. Genetic algorithms are designed to work with small amounts of dat

Neural networks are a type of machine learning, whereas genetic algorithms are static programs.

Computer vision systems rely on which of the following intelligent techniques? Pattern recognition Database programs Genetic algorithms Intelligent computer agents Expert systems

Pattern recognition

Which of the following would not be considered semistructured knowledge? E-mail Videos Request for proposals Voice mail Brochures

Request for proposals

Which of the following statements about robotics is not true? Robotics does not require programming but instead relies solely on AI. Robotics has widespread use in the automobile industry. Robotics relies on sensors to provide vision and sensory feedback. Robotics involves the creation and use of machines than can substitute for humans. Robotics can be used for surgery, bomb deactivation, and other dangerous environments.

Robotics does not require programming but instead relies solely on AI.

________ knowledge exists in formal documents, as well as in formal rules that organizations derive by observing experts and their decision-making behaviors. Unstructured Structured Management Explicit Tacit

Structured

All of the following are intelligent personal assistants for consumers except: Alexa. Google Now. Cortana. Watson. Siri.

Watson.

An inference engine is: a strategy used to search through the collection of rules and formulate conclusions. a neural network that can make inferences. a programming algorithm used to create a virtual world using a deep learning system. a method of organizing expert system knowledge into chunks. the programming environment of an expert system.

a strategy used to search through the collection of rules and formulate conclusions.

Augmented reality is: a method of organizing expert system knowledge into chunks. a programming algorithm used to create a virtual world using machine learning. a technology for enhancing visualization by overlaying digital data and images onto a physical real-world environment. a system for creating computer-generated simulations that are close to reality. a system that uses machine learning to produce new digital images.

a technology for enhancing visualization by overlaying digital data and images onto a physical real-world environment.

A MOOC is: an intelligent technique. a type of content management system. a type of online course. a machine learning system. a VR system.

a type of online course.

All of the following are typical components or capabilities of an ECM system except: knowledge portals. artificial intelligence tools. communication tools. tagging tools. digital asset management.

artificial intelligence tools.

The text defines ________ as the flow of events or transactions captured by an organization's system. knowledge information experience wisdom data

data

Genetic algorithms: are based on logic. develop solutions to particular problems using inheritance, crossover, and mutation. represent knowledge as groups of characteristics. do not work for most problems. seek to emulate a human expert's way of solving problems.

develop solutions to particular problems using inheritance, crossover, and mutation.

Coca-Cola uses a ________ in order to classify, store and distribute all the images of the brand. digital asset management system virtual reality system learning management system neural network knowledge base

digital asset management system

All of the following are considered to be knowledge workers except: designers. engineers. researchers. executives. architects.

executives.

Machine learning systems: find patterns in large data sets. rely on expert systems to identify learning objectives. use machines to master a body of knowledge. are currently not useful for organizations. simulate the neurons in human brains to find patterns.

find patterns in large data sets.

All of the following are intangible assets of a firm except its: brand. reputation. unique business processes. knowledge. information technology.

information technology.

Apple's Siri application is an example of: augmented reality. neural networks. AI. machine learning. intelligent agents.

intelligent agents.

Software programs that work without direct human intervention to carry out specific tasks for individual users, business processes, or software applications, are called: genetic algorithms. business intelligence. AI hybrid systems. intelligent techniques. intelligent agents.

intelligent agents.

Expert systems: are used for knowledge discovery. are based on DO WHILE rules. share characteristics with mainframe computing. are capable of solving wide ranges of problems. lack the general intelligence of human beings.

lack the general intelligence of human beings.

Intelligent agents rely on: agent-based modeling. MOOC. machine learning. augmented reality. virtual reality systems.

machine learning.

A(n) ________ is a type of intelligent technique that finds patterns and relationships in massive data sets too large for a human to analyze. expert system CAD inference engine genetic algorithm neural network

neural network

Changing organizational behavior by sensing and responding to new experience and knowledge is called: the knowledge value chain. knowledge management. change management. organizational learning. knowledge leveraging.

organizational learning.

Informal social networks of professionals and employees within and outside the firm who have similar work-related activities and interests are called communities of: professionals. expertise. interest. practice. knowledge.

practice

Unsupervised machine learning involves: using genetic algorithms to identify patters in large datasets. using algorithms to simulate the neurons and synapses of human brains. using very large databases to store common sense knowledge, then searching the database for patterns. using labeled inputs identified by humans to recognize objects. programs that can detect digital photos of human faces and cats without humans labeling the input photos.

programs that can detect digital photos of human faces and cats without humans labeling the input photos.

CAD workstations: facilitate employee learning. allow groups to work together on documents. provide engineers, designers, and factory managers with precise control over industrial design and manufacturing. are high-end PCs used in the financial sector to analyze trading situations instantaneously and facilitate portfolio management. provide an important source of expertise for organizations.

provide engineers, designers, and factory managers with precise control over industrial design and manufacturing.

The text defines ________ as expertise of organizational members that has not been formally documented. experience wisdom data tacit knowledge information

tacit knowledge

In content management, once a taxonomy is developed, documents must then be ________ with the proper classification.

tagged

A(n) ________ is a scheme for classifying information and knowledge in such a way that it can be easily accessed. KWS Intelligent technique COP enterprise-wide knowledge management system taxonomy

taxonomy

Virtually all expert systems deal with problems: that are highly structured. of high complexity. with imprecise rules. of policy development. of logic and control.

that are highly structured.

The collection of expert rules developed by expert systems is referred to as: a deep learning neural network. artificial intelligence. a genetic algorithm. the knowledge base. Internet of Things (IoT).

the knowledge base.

Expert systems are expensive and time consuming to maintain because: they rely on equipment that becomes outdated. their rules must be reprogrammed every time there is a change in the environment, which in turn may change the applicable rules. only the person who created the system knows exactly how it works, and may not be available when changes are needed. their rule base is so complex. it is difficult to program at this level of complexity without introducing software bugs.

their rules must be reprogrammed every time there is a change in the environment, which in turn may change the applicable rules.

Supervised machine learning involves: programs that identify cats (or other objects) without human intervention. training a neural network to identify digital photos of cars or other objects in a very large dataset, with humans assessing whether the machine is correct or incorrect. complex computer programs that decide what they want to learn. programmers supervising the machine learning program. using very large databases to store common sense knowledge, then searching the database for pattern

training a neural network to identify digital photos of cars or other objects in a very large dataset, with humans assessing whether the machine is correct or incorrect.

Neural networks: function similar to the human brain in recognizing objects. use facial recognition algorithms to identify unique facial characteristics. rely on rules similar to expert systems. use Learning Rules to identify the optimal path through the network. are composed of an input layer and an output layer.

use Learning Rules to identify the optimal path through the network.

VR systems: provide engineers, designers, and factory managers with precise control over industrial design and manufacturing. use machines to make solid objects. use computer-generated simulations that are so close to reality that users almost believe they are participating in a real-world situation. automate the creation and revision of designs. enable acquiring, storing, and disseminating knowledge documents in a virtual world.

use computer-generated simulations that are so close to reality that users almost believe they are participating in a real-world situation.

Deep learning networks: rely on experts to tell the system what patterns to expect in the data. require explicit programming by humans to identify patterns in unlabeled data. rely on humans to help it identify patterns. use multiple layers of neural networks to detect patterns in input data. require labeled data as input.

use multiple layers of neural networks to detect patterns in input data.