chapter 11 review quiz

Unanswered Question 40 0 / 1 pts Cognitive processes refer to all characteristics previously learned: ________.

beliefs and expectations

Unanswered Question 68 0 / 1 pts As the "third force" in psychology, ________ is touted as a reaction both to the pessimistic determinism of psychoanalysis and to the behaviorists' view of humans passively reacting to the environment.

humanism

Unanswered Question 37 0 / 1 pts The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) is a projective test ________.

in which people are presented with ambiguous images

Unanswered Question 46 0 / 1 pts A(an) ________ complex refers to the feeling that one lacks worth and doesn't measure up to the standards of others or of society.

inferiority

Unanswered Question 62 0 / 1 pts What is the developmental task of Erik Erikson's eighth stage of psychosocial development, in which an individual assesses and makes sense of her life and the meaning of her contributions?

integrity vs. despair

Unanswered Question 67 0 / 1 pts Dan avoids applying to college because he doubts he can succeed. He is working a retail job, but he tends to focus on the things he does wrong. In fact, he has almost no confidence in his abilities, and when he experiences a setback at work he is ready to quit. Albert Bandura would say Dan has ________.

low self-efficacy

Unanswered Question 10 0 / 1 pts When Marcos is unhappy, he is mean to other children; he calls them names and behaves aggressively toward them. He often manipulates his peers into doing what he wants. What coping strategy is Marcos using?

moving against people

Unanswered Question 42 0 / 1 pts Karen Horney described three coping styles when dealing with anxiety. Which of the following is not one of them?

moving with people

Unanswered Question 24 0 / 1 pts Self-efficacy is ________.

our level of confidence in our own abilities

Unanswered Question 3 0 / 1 pts An archetype is a ________.

pattern that exists in our collective unconscious across cultures and societies

Unanswered Question 19 0 / 1 pts Carl Jung referred to the ________ as the mask we adopt.

persona

Unanswered Question 13 0 / 1 pts Immanuel Kant used the terms persistent, steadfast, and calm to describe a ________ person.

phlegmatic

Unanswered Question 16 0 / 1 pts Dr. Grimes conducts a ________ by requesting that his patient respond to ambiguous stimuli, thus revealing hidden feelings, impulses, and desires.

projective test

Unanswered Question 26 0 / 1 pts Which of the following is not part of Albert Bandura's social cognitive theory?

reaction formation

Unanswered Question 17 0 / 1 pts After Mike does not get the job he interviewed for, he moves back in with his parents and spends his days playing video games. Which defense mechanism does this exemplify?

regression

Unanswered Question 14 0 / 1 pts According to Abraham Maslow, the highest need is ________.

self-actualization

Unanswered Question 70 0 / 1 pts Which of the following was one of Alfred Adler's main contributions to personality theory?

suggesting that our birth order shapes our personality

Unanswered Question 48 0 / 1 pts In Carl Jung's view, the task of integrating unconscious archetypal aspects of the self is part of ________ in the second half of life.

the self-realization process

Unanswered Question 57 0 / 1 pts The ________ Concerning Blacks Test is a projective test designed to be culturally relevant to African-Americans, using images that relate to African-American culture.

Contemporized-Themes

Unanswered Question 80 0 / 1 pts Asa is buying a gift for his mother, an overbearing woman who is difficult to please. When a clerk asks him who he is shopping for he replies, "my smother" instead of "my mother." What does this exemplify?

Freudian slip

Unanswered Question 59 0 / 1 pts Who believed that our personality traits are influenced by our genetic inheritance?

Hans and Sybil Eysenck

Unanswered Question 34 0 / 1 pts What was the primary finding of the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart?

Identical twins, whether raised together or apart, have very similar personalities.

Unanswered Question 73 0 / 1 pts Who proposed the locus of control concept?

Julian Rotter

Unanswered Question 12 0 / 1 pts Max's behavior and self-presentation is relaxed and informal with his friends. When he goes on a job interview he projects professionalism and formality with his attire and language. What would Carl Jung suggest about Max?

Max adopted a professional persona for his job interview.

Unanswered Question 20 0 / 1 pts The ________ is composed of a series of true and false questions in order to establish an individual's clinical profile.

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)

Unanswered Question 6 0 / 1 pts Carl Jung's view of extroverted and introverted types serves as a basis of the ________.

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

Unanswered Question 38 0 / 1 pts What is the main difference between Sigmund Freud and the neo-Freudians?

Neo-Freudians reduced the emphasis on sex.

Unanswered Question 31 0 / 1 pts Who developed the first comprehensive theory of personality?

Sigmund Freud

Unanswered Question 8 0 / 1 pts What should be changed to make the following sentence true? Research suggests that there are two dimensions of our temperament that are important parts of our adult personality: interactivity and self-regulation.

The word "interactivity" should be changed to the word "reactivity."

Unanswered Question 43 0 / 1 pts Who designed the first comprehensive system of constitutional psychology?

William H. Sheldon

Unanswered Question 52 0 / 1 pts Sigmund Freud suggested that people who are dominated by their ________ might be narcissistic and impulsive.

id

Unanswered Question 11 0 / 1 pts The ________ approach to the study of personality came about in reaction to the dominance of Western approaches to the study of personality in non-Western settings.

indigenous

Unanswered Question 4 0 / 1 pts Ingrid is energized by being alone, speaks slowly and softly, and avoids attention. Carl Jung would call her a(an) ________.

introvert

Unanswered Question 51 0 / 1 pts During which period are sexual feelings dormant as children focus on other pursuits, such as school, friendships, hobbies, and sports?

latency

Unanswered Question 66 0 / 1 pts Jessica believes that she succeeds in high school because she works hard, earned a place on the basketball team because she practices constantly, and cooks well because she takes cooking classes. Julian Rotter would say that Jessica has ________.

an internal locus of control

Unanswered Question 30 0 / 1 pts If parents are too lenient in the ________ stage, the child might become messy, careless, disorganized, and prone to emotional outbursts.

anal

Unanswered Question 15 0 / 1 pts In Albert Bandura's social-cognitive theory, behavior refers to ________.

anything an individual does that can be punished or rewarded

Unanswered Question 65 0 / 1 pts Many cultures have stories about a hero who goes on a quest, such as Hercules, King Arthur, and Gilgamesh. What would Carl Jung say this exemplified?

archetype

Unanswered Question 77 0 / 1 pts Which of the following is not a way we tend to think of personality? Our personalities ________.

are mutable

Unanswered Question 72 0 / 1 pts What is the developmental task of Erik Erikson's second stage of psychosexual development, in which a sense of independence in many tasks develops?

autonomy vs. shame/doubt

Unanswered Question 53 0 / 1 pts According to Carl Jung, which of the following best served the goal of self-realization?

balance between extroversion and introversion

Unanswered Question 9 0 / 1 pts Karen Horney suggested ways in which people typically cope with day-to-day problems. According to Horney, these strategies could ________ if used rigidly and compulsively.

become neurotic strategies

Unanswered Question 36 0 / 1 pts The ________ refers to the common psychological tendencies that have been passed down from one generation to the next.

collective unconscious

Unanswered Question 27 0 / 1 pts ________ is a state of being in which our thoughts about our real and ideal selves are very similar.

congruence

Unanswered Question 75 0 / 1 pts Ina can no longer read the street signs, but she refuses to admit she needs glasses to drive. Which defense mechanism does this exemplify?

denial

Unanswered Question 49 0 / 1 pts The ________ personality is anxious, self-conscious, artistic, thoughtful, quiet, and private.

ectomorph

Unanswered Question 39 0 / 1 pts When Fay feels anxious, she retreats to her closet with a flashlight, using the closet as a private hideaway. What coping strategy is Fay using?

moving away from people

Unanswered Question 55 0 / 1 pts When Imogene feels anxiety, she clings to her mother and father for affection and reassurance. What coping strategy is Imogene using?

moving toward people

Unanswered Question 22 0 / 1 pts According to Sigmund Freud, an adult who smokes, drinks, overeats, or bites her nails is fixated in the ________ stage of her psychosexual development.

oral

Unanswered Question 1 0 / 1 pts The concept of ________ suggests that people choose to move to places that are compatible with their personalities and needs.

selective migration

Unanswered Question 74 0 / 1 pts ________ theorists attempt to explain our personality by identifying our stable characteristics and ways of behaving.

trait

Unanswered Question 29 0 / 1 pts In Hippocrates theory of personality, what bodily humor was associated with choleric temperament?

yellow bile from the liver

Unanswered Question 61 0 / 1 pts A(an) ________ locus of control is the belief that our outcomes are outside of our control; an ________ locus of control is the belief that we control our own outcomes.

external; internal

Unanswered Question 41 0 / 1 pts Hans and Sybil Eysenck viewed people as having two specific personality dimensions: ________.

extroversion/introversion; neuroticism/stability

Unanswered Question 7 0 / 1 pts Eli seeks attention, acts first while thinking later, and prefers verbal communication. Carl Jung would describe him as a(an) ________.

extrovert

Unanswered Question 45 0 / 1 pts What is the developmental task of Erik Erikson's seventh stage of psychosocial development, in which individuals contribute to society and focus on being a part of a family?

generativity vs. stagnation

Unanswered Question 78 0 / 1 pts In the ________ stage, there is a sexual reawakening as the incestuous urges resurface. The young person redirects these urges to other, more socially acceptable partners (who often resemble the other-sex parent).

genital

Unanswered Question 28 0 / 1 pts How can parents help their children achieve high congruence?

giving them unconditional love

Unanswered Question 76 0 / 1 pts ________ describes a proportion of difference among people that is attributed to genetics.

heritability

Unanswered Question 25 0 / 1 pts Tammy has a positive view of challenges: She views them as tasks to be mastered. She develops a deep interest in and a strong commitment to becoming a good teacher. When she doesn't pass her first teaching praxis, she quickly recovers and works to overcome the setback. Albert Bandura would say Tammy has ________.

high self-efficacy

Unanswered Question 18 0 / 1 pts Which of the following theorists is not neo-Freudian?

Albert Bandura

Unanswered Question 69 0 / 1 pts Who developed social-cognitive theory?

Albert Bandura

Unanswered Question 33 0 / 1 pts What was the main idea behind Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development?

An individual's personality develops throughout the lifespan.

Unanswered Question 21 0 / 1 pts Because we have developed certain response tendencies, ________ believed that we demonstrate consistent behavior patterns.

B. F. Skinner

Unanswered Question 47 0 / 1 pts Which of the following is not something the theories of Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow have in common?

Both theories focus on the personality formed in infancy.

Unanswered Question 50 0 / 1 pts The ________ Inkblot Test employs a series of symmetrical inkblot cards that are presented to a client by a psychologist in an effort to reveal the person's unconscious desires, fears, and struggles.

Rorschach

Unanswered Question 2 0 / 1 pts Kim believed he failed his math class because the test was too hard, passed his psychology class because the professor passed every student in the class, and didn't get the internship because the manager didn't like him. Julian Rotter would say that Kim has ________.

an external locus of control

Unanswered Question 56 0 / 1 pts According to Galen, the ________ person is passionate, ambitious, and bold.

choleric

Unanswered Question 32 0 / 1 pts Which of the following clearly influenced Sigmund Freud's theory of development?

climate of sexual repression

Unanswered Question 58 0 / 1 pts The traits openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism are key components of the ________.

Five Factor Model

Unanswered Question 54 0 / 1 pts Who suggested that men have womb envy because they cannot give birth?

Karen Horney

Unanswered Question 60 0 / 1 pts Which statement summarizes the main idea of reciprocal determinism?

Our behavior, cognitive processes, and situational context all influence each other.

Unanswered Question 23 0 / 1 pts How are the principles of reciprocal determinism present in observational learning?

Personal factors determine which behaviors in the environment a person chooses to imitate.

Unanswered Question 64 0 / 1 pts What is the main idea of the behavioral perspective on personality?

Personality is significantly shaped by the reinforcements and consequences outside of the organism.

Unanswered Question 63 0 / 1 pts The ________ uses images and storytelling that relate to Hispanic culture.

TEMAS Multicultural Thematic Apperception Test

Unanswered Question 5 0 / 1 pts What should be changed to make the following sentence true? Hippocrates theorized phlegmatic, the personality trait, was associated with black bile from the kidneys.

The phrase "black bile from the kidneys" should be changed to the phrase "white phlegm from the lungs."

Unanswered Question 35 0 / 1 pts What should be changed to make the following sentence true? According to Sigmund Freud, unconscious drives influenced by sex and aggression and childhood socialization are the forces that influence our personality.

The word "socialization" should be changed to the word "sexuality."

Unanswered Question 44 0 / 1 pts Why was Sigmund Freud trained as a medical doctor and not a psychologist?

There was no such thing as a degree in psychology when he received his education.

Unanswered Question 79 0 / 1 pts What is the advantage of applying learning approaches to the study of personality?

They can be scientifically tested.

Unanswered Question 71 0 / 1 pts Which question was central to the marshmallow test?

Would you be able to resist getting a small reward now in order to get a larger reward later?