Chapter 11

26. Approximately what percentage of Americans live within four miles of a Superfund site? A) 25%. B) 33%. C) 50%. D) 67%.

A) 25%.

18. Which of the following statements is true of air pollution? A) Air pollution occurs when more pollutants are emitted into the atmosphere than can be safely absorbed and diluted by natural processes. B) A quarter of the people in the U.S. were breathing unsafe air for at least part of the year. C) Ozone gas at the ground level helps reduce pollution. D) Benzene is only hazardous in large concentration.

A) Air pollution occurs when more pollutants are emitted into the atmosphere than can be safely absorbed and diluted by natural processes.

39. Some researchers believe that business firms moving towards ecological sustainability results in: A) Competitive advantages. B) Decreased worker productivity. C) More government regulation. D) Less money for shareholders.

A) Competitive advantages.

19. Which of the following statements is not true with respect to acid rain? A) In the United States, acid rain is prevalent in the Southeast. B) Acid rain occurs when carbon dioxide combines with water vapor in the atmosphere. C) Acid rain can reduce crop yields. D) Acid rain degrades buildings.

A) In the United States, acid rain is prevalent in the Southeast.

24. Environmental justice is a movement to: A) Prevent inequitable exposure to risk, such as from hazardous waste. B) Identify polluters and require them to pay for the cleanup of their toxic waste. C) Reduce pollution at the source, rather than treat and dispose of waste at the "end of the pipe." D) Specifically restrict the use of dangerous pesticides which can pollute groundwater.

A) Prevent inequitable exposure to risk, such as from hazardous waste.

34. Which of the following is the most advanced stage of corporate environmental responsibility? A) Pollution prevention stage. B) Clean technology stage. C) Product stewardship stage. D) Green management stage.

B) Clean technology stage.

16. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was: A) Created to monitor and regulate nuclear activity. B) Created in 1970 to coordinate most of the government's efforts to protect the environment. C) The final major piece of legislation dealing with environmental issues until 2003. D) All of the above.

B) Created in 1970 to coordinate most of the government's efforts to protect the environment.

43. A solution of____ is used to leach gold. A) Arsenic. B) Cyanide. C) Chlorine. D) Ammonia

B) Cyanide.

37. When businesses form voluntary, collaborative partnerships with environmental organizations and regulators to achieve specific objectives this is called: A) Interorganizational alliances. B) Environmental partnerships. C) Cross-functional teams. D) Command and control.

B) Environmental partnerships.

21. Which country has made the greatest progress in reducing its solid waste stream? A) United Kingdom B) Germany. C) Japan. D) United States.

B) Germany.

22. Which of the following is true about the Toxic Substances Control Act? A) It required cuts in urban smog, acid rain, and Greenhouse gas emissions. B) It allows the EPA to restrict, and, if necessary, ban toxic chemicals. C) It promoted nontoxic chemicals and fuels for business use. D) It authorized funds for treatment plants and toxic waste cleanup.

B) It allows the EPA to restrict, and, if necessary, ban toxic chemicals.

29. Which of the following is a disadvantage of the emissions fees and taxes approach of reducing pollution? A) Taxes may be too high to allow businesses to remain profitable. B) Taxes may be too low to curb pollution. C) Taxes will reduce competition among businesses. D) All of the above.

B) Taxes may be too low to curb pollution.

32. Which of the following is the primary disadvantage with the information disclosure system of reducing pollution: A) Business may not be honest B) The sanction may not motivate all companies. C) Enforcement is difficult. D) Can retard innovation.

B) The sanction may not motivate all companies.

30. Which of the following is not a cost of environmental regulation? A) Unemployment. B) Reduced capital investment. C) Corporate restructuring. D) Lowered productivity.

C) Corporate restructuring.

28. Which of the following is a market based mechanism for dealing with pollution? A) Command and control regulation. B) Source reduction. C) Emissions fee. D) None of the above are market based mechanisms.

C) Emissions fee.

41. Creating and advertising ecological responsible goods and services is: A) Technological innovation. B) Product differentiation. C) Green marketing. D) Cost savings.

C) Green marketing.

20. Which of the following is not true about water pollution? A) It can lead to the spread of the e coli virus. B) It can be caused by pesticides and herbicides. C) It can be caused by biodegradable products. D) The Water Pollution Control Act aims to maintain the integrity of all surface water in the United States.

C) It can be caused by biodegradable products.

33. Which of the following is indicative of a firm in the pollution prevention stage of the corporate environmental responsibility model? A) Realizing that it would be less efficient and more expensive to prevent pollution before it is created. B) Focusing on all environmental impacts of the product life-cycle. C) Minimizing or eliminating waste before it is created. D) Incurring losses due to environmental costs.

C) Minimizing or eliminating waste before it is created.

40. Environmental staff experts are most effective . A) When they deal directly with the CEO. B) with "triple green" companies. C) when they work closely with people who carry out a company's daily operations. D) when supervised directly by the Board of Directors.

C) when they work closely with people who carry out a company's daily operations.

23. The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 (amended in 1984) does not require: A) Toxic waste generators to have a permit. B) Transports to maintain careful records. C) Treatment of hazardous waste before disposal in landfills. D) All hazardous waste to be incinerated.

D) All hazardous waste to be incinerated.

17. In the United States, the federal government regulates which of the following major areas of environmental protection? A) Air pollution. B) Water pollution. C) Land pollution. D) All of the above.

D) All of the above.

31. Environmental regulations stimulate some sectors of the economy by: A) Creating jobs in industries like environmental consulting, asbestos abatement, and instrument manufacturing. B) Saving jobs in industries like fishing and tourism when natural areas are protected or restored. C) Compelling businesses to become more efficient by conserving energy, and less money is spent on treating health problems caused by pollution. D) All of the above.

D) All of the above.

36. Companies in the United Kingdom and Japan are motivated to "go green" due to: A) The chance to gain competitive advantage. B) A desire to gain approval from the public sector or regulators. C) A moral commitment to ecological responsibility. D) All of the above.

D) All of the above.

25. Which of the following statements is (are) true about the Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA)? A) It established a fund supported primarily by a tax on the petroleum and chemical companies. B) It is regarded as one of the most successful environmental laws. C) The funds collected are used to clean up sites where the original polluter cannot be identified. D) Both A and C, but not B.

D) Both A and C, but not B.

27. The environmental standards of pollution control is also called ? A) Cap and trade. B) Emissions fee. C) Disclosure. D) Command and Control regulations.

D) Command and Control regulations.

35. Businesses in the clean technology stage: A) Actively manage environmental issues. B) Have well-funded programs for environmental technology. C) Evaluate cyber technology-related risks. D) Develop innovative technologies that support sustainability.

D) Develop innovative technologies that support sustainability.

42. Greenwashing is: A) Technology which allows water to be recycled after a product is cleaned. B) Misleading customers about the environmental benefits of a product. C) The final stage of corporate social responsibility. D) Ecological groups threatening to embarrass companies which they deem to be ecologically irresponsible.

D) Ecological groups threatening to embarrass companies which they deem to be ecologically irresponsible.

1. FedEx rolled out its first hybrid truck in 2001.

False

10. In recent years, regulators have begun moving away from market based regulation.

False

11. Since 1989, about 1,000 individuals and companies have been found guilty of environmental crimes each year.

False

14. Greenwashing refers to misleading consumers about the ecological benefits of a product or service.

False

3. The EU has yet to adopt global warming initiatives.

False

4. All air pollution is caused by man

False

7. CERCLA has been regarded as a public policy triumph in the clean up of toxic waste.

False

12. Since the passage of the Clean Air Act amendments in 1990, nearly all major air pollutants in the United States has dropped substantially.

True

13. In 2007, Interface became the first ecologically sustainable organization.

True

15. Gold mining is one of the most environmentally destructive industries in the world.

True

2. The first United States federal laws to protect the environment involved protecting navigable waterways.

True

5. The United Sates produces almost five pounds of solid waste per person per day.

True

6. Germany has had success in limiting waste by charging for trash pick up and picking up recyclables for free.

True

8. The Clean Air Act of 1990 incorporated the concept of tradable permits as a key part of its approach to pollution reduction.

True

9. Cap-and-trade is an example of a market based mechanism to control pollution.

True