Chapter 11—Reflection of Meaning and Interpretation/Reframe: Helping Clients Restory Their Lives

In interpretation/reframing the frame of reference comes from the client.

FALSE

Only reflection of meaning can help clients find their "center of being in the world."

FALSE

Which of the following best represent the contrast between interpretation and paraphrase, reflection of feeling, focusing, and reflection of meaning? a. In interpretation the interviewer remains in the client's own frame of reference; in the others the interviewer uses an external theory as a reference. b. In interpretation the interviewer uses his/her own frame of reference; in the others the interviewer uses the client's frame of reference. c. In interpretation the interviewer uses the client's frame of reference; in the others the interviewer uses his/her own frame of reference. d. In interpretation the interviewer uses the client's own frame of reference; in the others the interviewer uses his own frame of reference.

In interpretation the interviewer uses his/her own frame of reference; in the others the interviewer uses the client's frame of reference.

According to the authors, reflection of meaning and interpretation/reframing are influencing skills that greatly facilitate the creation of new client perspectives.

TRUE

Both the interpretation/reframe and reflection of meaning are central skills in helping clients take a new perspective on themselves and their world.

TRUE

In linking, two or more ideas are brought together, providing the client with a new insight.

TRUE

There seems to be a part of the brain that identifies spiritual experience, according to Ratey.

TRUE

When clients explore meaning issues, they struggle with defining the almost indefinable.

TRUE

Which of the following is not a question primarily oriented to meaning? a. "Could you give me a specific example?" b. "What sense do you make of it?" c. "What values underlie your actions?" d. "Why is that important to you?"

a. "Could you give me a specific example?"

Interpretation / reframing helps clients find new ways of thinking about their alternatives for action in which of the following theories? a. Decisional Theory b. Cognitive Behavioral Theory c. Psychodynamic Theory d. Person-Centered Theory

a. Decisional Theory

Which of the following is most closely associated with thoughts? a. Paraphrase b. Summarization c. Reflection of feeling d. Reflection of meaning

a. Paraphrase

48. Questioning the client may lead to discernment. Which emotional style is best supported by these questions? "Get in touch with your body." "What is your gut feeling?" "What are your instincts?" a. Sensorimotor b. Concrete c. Formal d. Dialectic / systemic

a. Sensorimotor

Which one of the following is NOT a predictable result when using reflection of meaning? a. The client will experience their feelings and emotions more deeply. b. The client discusses stories, issues, and concerns in more depth. c. There is special emphasis on deeper meanings, values, and understanding. d. Clients may be able to discern life goals and visions for the future.

a. The client will experience their feelings and emotions more deeply.

Which key words are MOST closely associated with probing for meaning? a. Values, purpose, vision b. Emotion, affect, feelings c. Do, doing, acting d. All of the above

a. Values, purpose, vision

Taking action on life's meaning, according to logotherapists, is ____. a. central to the theory b. not important as what we think of things is most important rather than the way things really are c. a way to avoid facing the real meaning of what we do d. something that requires constant careful thought and monitoring by the therapist

a. central to the theory

Meaning ____. a. often is found at the more implicit level in client conversation b. often is found at the more explicit level in client conversation c. is the most important counseling skill d. is favored by cognitive-behavioral therapists as it gets at deeper issues

a. often is found at the more implicit level in client conversation

Linking: a. provides clients with new insights. b. helps clients experience their feelings. c. presents clients with a specific plan for action. d. connects clients with social networks.

a. provides clients with new insights.

Interpretation / reframing is useful in understanding what is going on in the client's mind and/or linking the client to how the environment affects thinking and behavior in which of the following theories? a. Decisional Theory b. Cognitive Behavioral Theory c. Psychodynamic Theory d. Person-Centered Theory

b. Cognitive Behavioral Theory

Questioning the client may lead to discernment. Which emotional style is best supported by this question? "Can you tell me a story that relates to your goals / vision / mission?" a. Sensorimotor b. Concrete c. Formal d. Dialectic / systemic

b. Concrete

Which of the following is most closely associated with emotions? a. Paraphrase b. Reflection of feeling c. Reflection of meaning d. Summarization

b. Reflection of feeling

Which skill is most useful in working with an implicit level of speech and action? a. Reflection of feeling b. Reflection of meaning c. Summarization d. Confrontation

b. Reflection of meaning

3. Which one of the following is an expected result when using reflection of meaning? a. The client will experience their feelings and emotions more deeply. b. The client will discuss stories, issues, and concerns in more depth. c. The client will role-play personal stories and conflictive issues. d. The client will analyze deep-seated memories.

b. The client will discuss stories, issues, and concerns in more depth.

The process of discernment is ____. a. completely unrelated to the microskills b. a more systematic approach to finding meaning and purpose c. another term to describe reflection of meaning d. another term to describe interpretation / reframe

b. a more systematic approach to finding meaning and purpose

Reflecting meaning involves ________, while the interpretation/reframe implies ________. a. interviewer direction; client direction b. client direction; interviewer direction c. client topics; interviewer topics d. interviewer topics; client topics

b. client direction; interviewer direction

The vision quest is to Native Americans as ____ is to any client seeking meaning of their current life. a. hoping b. discernment c. career planning d. resolving problems

b. discernment

Discernment is a strategy that may enable clients to ____. a. develop a more positive attitude toward their past problems b. discover deeper meanings and purpose in their lives and find a clearer direction for the future c. empower them to make decisions d. discover the underlying meaning of their problems

b. discover deeper meanings and purpose in their lives and find a clearer direction for the future

Reflection of meaning and exploration likely would lead to ____. a. an increased awareness of the importance of meditation b. the development of new neural connections in the brain c. increase in neurons and neural connections in the specific place in the brain where we find morality and spirituality d. none of the above

b. the development of new neural connections in the brain

The skill of reflection of meaning is generally for ____. a. less verbal clients b. verbal clients c. clients who have a history of needing deeper understanding and emotional expression of relevant feelings, thoughts, and attitudes which in turn may be manifested by unusual language patterns d. severely disturbed clients

b. verbal clients

Which question is most likely to bring out underlying client meaning issues? a. "Could you tell me more?" b. "Could you share some specifics of what occurred?" c. "Could you share what sense you make of it?" d. "Could you explore that in more detail?"

c. "Could you share what sense you make of it?"

Which one of the following client responses indicates that the client is considering life meaning? a. "How will I resolve this issue?" b. "I'm so confused; which plan should I follow?" c. "What should I really be doing?" d. "I am hurt and I am angry."

c. "What should I really be doing?"

Which of the following is TRUE about Travis's divorce? a. He was clear about the meaning of his divorce. b. He would never make any mistakes in future relationships. c. He could benefit from further counseling. d. All of the above.

c. He could benefit from further counseling.

What, if any, is the difference between interpretation and reframe? a. There is no discernable difference. b. Both focus on providing a new way of thinking for the client. c. Interpretation reveals new ways of thinking beneath client conversation; reframe defines a new frame of reference for considering issues. d. Interpretation is new ways of thinking provided by the client; reframe is a new frame of reference provided by the interviewer.

c. Interpretation reveals new ways of thinking beneath client conversation; reframe defines a new frame of reference for considering issues.

Reflection of meaning is most often associated with which theory? a. Behavioral b. Person-centered c. Logotherapy d. Psychodynamic

c. Logotherapy

Choose the BEST method for formulating and responding to the client with an interpretation / reframe. a. Match the client's behavior with the most appropriate microskill. b. Draw conclusions from the client's nonverbal expression of feeling. c. Provide a fresh look at the issue and link ideas or information. d. Consider the ethnic and cultural background of the client.

c. Provide a fresh look at the issue and link ideas or information.

Interpretation / reframing link ideas and enable the client to understand how unconscious past and long-term, deeply seated thoughts, feelings, and behaviors frame the here and now of daily client experiencing in which of the following theories? a. Decisional Theory b. Cognitive Behavioral Theory c. Psychodynamic Theory d. Person-Centered Theory

c. Psychodynamic Theory

Which of the following is most closely associated with values and beliefs? a. Paraphrase b. Reflection of feeling c. Reflection of meaning d. Summarization

c. Reflection of meaning

If you help your clients find a "why" through exploration of meaning, ____. a. the "how" will often be discovered by the following session b. finding the "how" is automatic c. they will often find their own "how" or way to achieve their objectives d. they will be open to the "how" directed by the interviewer

c. they will often find their own "how" or way to achieve their objectives

"I've been able to survive AIDS now for three years and my friends have been the thing that have kept me going. Being with them and their support and smiles has been the most important thing in the world for me." Which of the following focuses most on meaning? a. "It's been hard, but you have been able to make it." b. "Sounds like you have many friends who have been truly helpful." c. "Friends make all the difference." d. "Being with friends and having their support has been the most important thing for you over these past three years."

d. "Being with friends and having their support has been the most important thing for you over these past three years."

Which of the following questions would NOT be used as part of the discernment process? a. "What sense do you make of your illness and the future?" b. "What's been missing for you in your present life?" c. "What is the purpose of you working so hard?" d. "How does this rejection make you feel?"

d. "How does this rejection make you feel?"

Which question would most effectively probe for meaning? a. "Why do you do that?" b. "Does it really matter?" c. "How could it be that way?" d. "Why is that important for you?"

d. "Why is that important for you?"

Which of the following behaviors best describes the client who "hyper-reflects?" a. Thinks about things too much b. Focuses on the negative meaning of life experiences c. Overeats, drinks to excess, or wallows in depression d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Which of the following is a key consideration of intentional interpretation/reframing? a. Client's situation c. Client focused purpose b. Supporting client d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Which of the following is a key word used by interviewers to elicit meaning? a. Intent b. Reasons c. Cause d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Which of the following is TRUE about thoughts, feelings, behaviors, and meanings? a. These dimensions operate independently, and the counselor must clarify each one. b. Thoughts and meanings are the most important dimensions. c. Behaviors and feelings are the most important dimensions. d. Any change in one dimension affects other dimensions.

d. Any change in one dimension affects other dimensions.

Questioning the client may lead to discernment. Which emotional style is best supported by this question? "How have various significant others related to your experiences?" a. Sensorimotor b. Concrete c. Formal d. Dialectic / systemic

d. Dialectic / systemic

"What significant life events have shaped your beliefs about life?" In which of the following constructs does this interviewer response BEST fit? a. Paraphrase b. Reflection of feeling c. Reflection of meaning d. Eliciting meaning

d. Eliciting meaning

Which is believed by the authors to be most central? a. Thoughts b. Feelings c. Behaviors d. Meanings

d. Meanings

Reflection of meaning helps clients find alternative ways of viewing the situation in which of the following theories? a. Decisional Theory b. Cognitive Behavioral Theory c. Psychodynamic Theory d. Person-Centered Theory

d. Person-Centered Theory

Which of the following best applies to Frankl's Logotherapy? a. Focus on the cultural / environmental / contextual issues. b. Seek to discover how to deal with major life challenges. c. Search for meaning wherever we can find something important. d. Search for meanings under thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.

d. Search for meanings under thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.

The founder of Logotherapy is: a. Sigmund Freud. b. Carl Rogers. c. Albert Ellis. d. Viktor Frankl.

d. Viktor Frankl.

Discernment ____. a. is a value clarification process in which the client seeks to find meaning in life b. is "sifting through" our interior and exterior experiences to determine their origin c. describes what helping professionals do when they work with clients at deeper levels of meaning d. all of the above

d. all of the above

Interpretation / reframing and reflection of meaning ____. a. are both a skill and a strategy b. seek implicit issues and meanings below the surface of conversation c. are designed to help clients examine themselves from a new perspective d. all of the above

d. all of the above

The counselor used ____ during the interview with Travis. a. reflection of meaning b. key word encouragers c. open questions d. all of the above

d. all of the above

Individuals do not make meaning by themselves; they make meaning: a. with the aid of a skilled counselor or interviewer. b. in spite of their multitude of problems and issues. c. with the aid of their significant other. d. in a broader multicultural context.

d. in a broader multicultural context.

Spiritual issues in interviewing, counseling, and therapy are often rooted in ____. a. thoughts b. feelings c. behaviors d. meanings

d. meanings

A reflection of meaning looks very much like a(n) ________ and ________ beyond what the client has to say. a. question; discerns b. summary; looks c. encourager; moves d. paraphrase; focuses

d. paraphrase; focuses

To "hyper-reflect," one ____. a. reflects too many feelings and/or meanings to the client's detriment b. thinks carefully about many alternatives thus demonstrating intentionality c. transcends suffering through thinking of positive aspects of life d. thinks of negative meanings of events in one's life and may overeat, drink to excess, or wallow in depression

d. thinks of negative meanings of events in one's life and may overeat, drink to excess, or wallow in depression