Chapter 12 Classification of Neurons

Efferent fiber

Axons traveling away from the CNS are called

Unipolar neuron

Fused dendrites and axon

Multipolar neuron

Have two or more dendrited and a single axon

Axon

In a unipolar neuron, the rest process which carries action potentials is usually considered an

Unipolar neuron

In such a neuron, the initial segment lies where the dendtires converge

Visceral motor neuron

Innervate all peripheral effectors other than skeletal muscles that is smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands and adipose tissue throughout the body

Ependymal cells, Astrocytes, Oligodendrocytes, Microglia

The central nervous sytem has four types of neuroglia

Sensory receptor

The processes of specialized sensory neurons or cells monitored by sensory neurons

Satellite, Schwann cells

The two types of neuroglia in the PNS

Unipolar neuron

Their axons may extend a meter or more, ending at synapses in the central nervous system.

Motor neuron

These neurons carry instructions from the CNS to peripheral effectors in a peripheral tissue, organ, or organ system

Bipolar Neuron

They are rare neuron

Bipolar Neuron

They are small neurons

Sensory neuron

They are unipolar

Bipolar Neuron

They occur in special sense organs, where they relay information about sight, smell or hearing from receptors cells to other neurons

Interoceptors, Exteroceptors, Propioceptors

Three types of sensory receptors

Pseudounipolar neuron

Unipolar Neurons also called

Motor neuron

efferent division of the PNS

Interneuron

on or more ___ are located between sensory neurons and motor neurons and tthe more complex the response to a given stimulus, the more interneurons are involved

Bipolar Neuron

one axon with the cell body between the two

Bipolar Neuron

one dendrite that branches extensively into dendritic branches at its distal tip

Somatic motor neuron

the cell body of a ____ lies in the CNs, and its axon extends in to the periphery within a peripheral nerve to innervate skeletal muscle fibers at neuromuscular junction

Unipolar neuron

the dendrites and axon are continuous basically, fused and the cell body lies off the one side

Somatic motor neuron

the somatic nervous system infludes all the ____ that innervate skeletal muscles

Sensory neuron

Afferent division of the PNS

Anaxonic Neuron

All cell process look alike

Multipolar neuron

All the motor that control skeletal muscles for example are

Unipolar neuron

Cell body to one side

Sensory neuron

Deliver information from sensory information to the CNS

Interneuron

Distribute sensory information and coordinate motor activity

Visceral motor neuron

It axons in the CNS innervate a second set of visceral motors neurons in peripheral autonomic ganglia

Ependymal cell

Line ventricles (brain) and central canal (spinal cord); assist in producing, circulating and monitoring cerebrospinal fluid

Anaxonic Neuron

Located in the brain and in social organ. And function poorly understood

Multipolar neurons

Longest neuron carry motor commands from the spinal cord to small muscle that move the toes

Astrocyte

Maitain blood-brain barrier; provide structural support; regulate ion, nutrient and dissolved-gas concentrations; absorb and recycle neurotransmitters; form scar tissue after injury

Interoceptor

Monitor the digestive, respiratory, cardiovascular, urinary and reproductive system

Proprioceptor

Monitor the position and movement of skeletal muscle and joints

Interneuron

Most located within the brain and spinal cord, but some are in autonomic ganglia

Unipolar

Most sensory neurons of the peripheral nervous system are

Oligodendrocyte

Myelinate CNS axon; provide structural framework

anaxonic, bipolar, unipolar, mutipolar

Neurons are classified as_____ on the basis of the relationship of the dendrites to the cell body and the axon

Sensory, motor, interneuron

Neurons function can be categorize as

Bipolar Neuron

One dendrite, one axon

Interneuron

Play a part in all higher functions, such as memory, planning and learning

Sensory neuron

Process (afferent fibers) extend between sensory receptor and the central nervous system

Exteroceptor

Provide information avout the external environment in the form of touch, temperatures, or pressure sensation and the more complex senses of taste, smell, sight, equilibrium and hearing

Interoceptor

Provide sensations of distension, deep pressure and pain

Microglia

Remove cell debris, wastes, and pathogens by phagocytosis

Anaxonic Neuron

Small and have no anatomical features that distinguish dendrites from axons

Schwann cell

Surround all axons in PNS; responsible for myelination of peripheral axons; participate in repair process after injury

Satellite cell

Surround neuron cell bodies in ganglia; regulate O2, CO2, nutrient and neurotransmitter levels around neurons in ganglia

Multipolar neuron

THe most common neurons in the CNS

Multipolar neurons

The axons can be as long as those of unipolar neurons

Sensory ganglia

The cell bodies of the sensory neurons are located in

Visceral sensory neuron

monitor internal conditions and the status of other organ systems

Somatic sensory neuron

monitor the outside world and our position within it

Interneuron

outnumber all other types of neurons combined