Chapter 12

Which of the following appears most likely to be the first genetically engineered meat available in the U.S. food supply?

Salmon

Which of the following two crops are nearly all genetically engineered in the U.S.?

corn and soybeans

DNA testing (profiling) has been used to determine the guilt or innocence of crime suspects. This works because __________.

every person has a unique DNA sequence

What is the correct sequence of events that occur in a PCR reaction?

separation of DNA strands; addition of primers; use of DNA polymerase to produce second strand of DNA

If results in humans are the same as in mice, which of the following will be true?

Once injected for VRC01, the patient will need continued weekly injections in smaller amounts.

In a PCR reaction, the strands of DNA are first separated by ___.

heating

Bacteria are the source of plasmid (T or F)

True

When is PCR particularly applicable?

When there are small quantities of DNA to analyze

The unpaired nucleotides produced by the action of restriction enzymes are referred to as _____.

sticky ends

DNA polymerase is a heat-sensitive enzyme. What is one thing that would need to be considered concerning the activity of this enzyme in PCR when the temperature is heated during each cycle to separate the DNA strands?

that the DNA polymerase could be denatured

The human Y chromosome can be used to provide data about recent human evolution because __________.

the Y chromosome passes essentially intact from father to son

The bacterial chromosome is inserted into human cells. (T or F)

False

Bacteria act as microscopic protein factories (T or F)

True

One of the most difficult ethical issues related to DNA technology is the question __________.

"How do we prevent genetic information from being used in a discriminatory manner?"

You are a scientist working to genetically engineer sorghum with the same organism that is used to allow genetically engineered corn to make its own pesticide. What do you work with?

A bacterium

The bacterial chromosome provides genetic information for making the protein of interest (T or F)

False

How do forensics investigators use DNA fingerprinting to link a particular suspect to a crime scene?

Forensic investigators compare genetic markers in DNA taken from suspects to genetic markers in DNA from crime scene samples.

In what way is genomics just beginning to provide information for treatment for a potential wide variety of diseases based on the genetic makeup of each patient?

In a few cases, such as some specific kinds of breast cancer, genomics has allowed doctors and patients to specifically target drugs that are effective for their particular genetic variant of a disease.

What is the function of mRNA?

It codes for proteins.

The use of mRNA to treat Zika is approved and works in the same fashion as VRC01 works on HIV. Which of the following is true?

It takes less mRNA than injected antibodies to work.

Archaeologists unearthed a human skull with a small dried fragment of the scalp still attached. They extracted a tiny amount of DNA from the scalp tissue. How could they obtain sufficient DNA for an analysis of the ancient human's genes?

Use the polymerase chain reaction.

What is recombinant DNA technology?

combining genes from different species

Which of the following are applications of recombinant DNA technology?

making crops that are pest-resistant making proteins that are useful as medicines making bacteria that can clean up toxic waste

The term "restriction fragments" refers to __________.

pieces of DNA that have been cut into different lengths

Because there are potential risks associated with the use of biotechnology in agriculture, __________.

potential risks associated with biotechnology are evaluated by a variety of U.S. regulatory agencies