Chapter 12 Judaism

Mezuzzah

-"door post" -decorative container and parchment inscribed with words from the Torah

The First Temple of Jerusalem

-Conceived by King David &Constructed by King Solomon (950 BCE ) -The Temple of Solomon was destroyed by Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar around 587 BCE.

Kepah (Hebrew)Yarmulka (Yiddish)

-Head covering -Symbol and Statement of Jewish identity

Western Wall/Wailing Wall

-Holiest shrine of the Jewish world -Retaining Wall supporting the temple -Proximity to the Western Wall of the Holy of Holies in the Temple

Muslim Invasion

-In 638 C.E., Arabs conquered Jerusalem -In 691 C.E., the Umayyad caliph Abd al-Malik completed construction of the Dome of the Rock Mosque on the Temple Mount.

T'phellin

-Phylacteries" for head & hand -worn by men (some liberal women) beginning at Bar Mitzvah at the weekday morning prayer.

Tallis

-Prayer shawl -Fringes are knotted 613 -613 commandments in the Torah

Star of David

-Symbol of the Jewish community -Six-pointed star was thought to have magical powers of protection -On the shields of King David's warriors and soldiers as a symbol of God's protection

Second Temple of Jerusalem

-The Temple wasrebuilt by Jewsreturning from the Babylon Exile in 517 BCE -It was destroyed by the Romans in 70 CE.

Menorah

-seven-branched candelabrum -"light unto the nations". -The lamp stand in today's synagogues (ner tamid: "the continual lamp") symbolizes the menorah.

With only about this many adherent worldwide, Judaism is among the smallest of the world's major religions

14 million

Israel was granted statehood in this year

1948

Moses Maimonides

A Jewish philosopher who lived in Muslim Spain during the medieval period and who applied the philosophy of Plate and Aristotle to the biblical tradition and contributed Judaism's most famous statement of beliefs

Someone who is called to speak for God

Prophet

The people who destroyed the Jerusalem temple for the second time in AD 70.

Romans

repentance

What Yom Kippur emphasizes

Mishnah

The starting point for rabbinic study of the oral Torah; a collection of sacred traditions that was written down in about A.D. 200 and contains teachings of the rabbis of the preceding four centuries

Talmud

The vast depository blending together the oral and written forms of Torah, based on the Mishnah with extensive rabbinic commentary

Hasidism

A form of Judaism that arose in 18th century eastern Europe and emphasizes mysticism, a personal relationship with God and the community, and the leadership of the zaddik

rabbi

A teacher of the Torah and leader of Jewish worship

Jacob

Abraham's grandson, also known as Israel

The situation of Jews living away from their homeland, a circumstance that has been true for most Jews since the classical period.

Diaspora

T/F: Judaism became the official religion of the Roman Empire in the 4th century

FALSE

T/F: The Mishnah is based directly on the Talmud

FALSE

Pentateuch

Greek for "five books"; the Torah

Sedar Plate

Hard-Boiled Egg: circle of life Lamb: Passover lamb (10th plague) Greens: hope, springtime Bitter Herbs: bitterness of slavery Matzoh: unleavened bread Haroset: clay mixture used in making bricks

Mezuzzah identifies a_______

House as a Jewish home

Fewer than 1/2 of the world's Jews live in this country

Israel

The second large-scale revolt the Jews waged against the Romans ended in AD 135 when Romans did this

Leveled Jerusalem and decreed that Jews could no longer inhabit Palestine

Torah

Literally "instruction"; the will of God as it is revealed to humankind

He received the Law at Mt. Sinai & is regards the Torah's author

Moses

Jews lived in the relative peace & prosperity in this country & Poland during the period

Muslim Spain

The people who conquered Palestine and the surrounding area in the seventh century AD

Muslims

The most important events in Israelite history were these

None of the above

T/F: Judaism places great emphasis on group identity

TRUE

T/F: Observant Jews avoid speaking God's name out of reverence

TRUE

The Pharisees focuses on the Torah rather that the Temple

TRUE

Jews refer to the Hebrew Bible as

Tanakh

David

The Israelite King whom Jews have always regarded as a prototype of the Messiah

Seder

The high point of the Passover festival

The first 5 books of the Torah are this

Traditionally believed to have been revealed directly by God to Moses & the central statement of Judaism's religious laws

Abraham

The man God called to be the father of a great nation; the first patriarch

Muslims

The people who conquered Palestine and the surrounding area in the 7th century A.D.

Babylonians

The people who conquered the southern kingdom, Judah, in about 587 B.C.

Solomon

The person who built the Temple in Jerusalem

"Dome of the Rock" Mosque

The site of the ancient Jewish Temple is now occupied, in part, by the golden-domed

The Torah defines this

Worship and Ethical conduct

Whets the meaning of one thread being blue (dye from the Mediterranean Sea)

Wrap oneself in the spirit of prayer and be enveloped in God's presence and love

God's name appears in the Bible in the Hebrew equivalents of Hebrew letters

YHWH

A movement that was originally committed to the re-establishment of a Jewish homeland

Zionism

bat mitzvah

a coming-of-age ritual for a Jewish girl

kaddish

a prayer of mourning

It's most accurate to think of Jews as this

an ethnic group that shares a common history and religion

When do the Liberal wear the Tallis

at morning prayer over regular clothes

Chanukah

commemorates the miracle that a day's worth of oil for this menorah lasted eight days.

Modern Reform

eliminated custom; some cover head at worship

Mezuzzah is a constant reminder....

every time you enter or leave your home- to love the Lord your God

Orthodox Jews

head covered at all times.We are always in the presence of God

The nine-branched menorah used on Chanukah is

patterned after the seventh-branched Menorah

When do the reform wear the Tallis

some wear at morning prayer over regular clothes

The Ninth Branch commemorates

the Maccabean victory and the rededication of the Holy Temple

Ninth Branch

the candle that is used to light the others

Assyrians

the people who conquered the northern kingdom, Israel in 722 B.C.

Romans

the people who destroyed the Jerusalem temple for the second time in A.D. 70

When do the orthodox wear the Tallis

throughout the day under regular clothing

Mezuzzah in terms of the angel of death

will pass over home of Hebrew slaves

Liberal Jews

worship, study, eating