Chapter 12 MGMT 331-5S8

Organizational politics is defined as

intentional actions to improve individual or organizational interests.

What are some characteristics of psychological empowerment?

intrinsic motivation,self-efficacy

Managers who obtain compliance primarily because of their formal authority to make decisions use:

legitimate power

When Jamie, who is Lindsay's boss, says to drop everything and get the report done on time, Jamie is using:

legitimate power

The forms of power associated with one's job or position in an organization are referred to as position power and include:

legitimate power,coercive power,reward power

The bases of power that result in compliance include:

negative legitimate power,reward power,coercive power

A group of people wanting social support for their general self-interests is a ______.

network

Empowerment tends to improve an employee's

organizational commitment.,job satisfaction.,performance.

Which of the following are structural empowerment inputs that contribute to feelings of psychological empowerment?

organizational policies,job characteristics

Intentional acts of influence to enhance or protect the self-interest of individuals or groups that are not endorsed or aligned with those of the organization are known as:

organizational politics

What are the benefits of pro-social leadership?

outperforming other groups,fostering contributions from team members

Which of the following describes networks?

people-oriented,broad agendas

Intentional acts of influence to enhance or protect the self-interest of individuals or groups that are not endorsed or aligned with those of the organization are known as organizational .

politics

The discretion and the means to enforce one's will over others is called .

power

People who are very nonpolitical may experience slower what?

promotions

Which of these are positive uses of politics?

protesting unfair treatment by employers,helping an organization adapt to new policies

When employees feel a sense of meaning, competence, and impact at work, it is because they are empowered.

psychological

Many politicians have charisma, which is often associated with:

referent power

When one's personal characteristics and social relationships become the reason for compliance, the base of influence is:

referent power

Research has shown that the bases of power that result in commitment are:

referent power,expert power ,positive legitimate power

Which of the following bases of power have a positive effect on the organizing framework?

referent,reward,expert

Research has shown that empowerment reduces what for individuals and teams?

stress

What techniques can individuals use to develop power and influence?

Use position and personal power.,Develop referent power.,Match influence and political tactics to suit the situation.

True or false: Making threats of punishment and following up with that punishment is coercive power.

TRUE

True or false: Perceptions of politics (POP) have been linked to undesirable outcomes such as increased stress and decreased job satisfaction.

TRUE

True or false: Using power and other resources to gain your objectives is not inherently unethical.

TRUE

Timeliness is important in making a(n) ______ to prevent a bad situation from becoming worse.

apology

When meeting people for the first time, how can you project that you are interested?

ask them questions about themselves

When Bill docked Joe's pay for being late to work again after being warned, Bill was using ______ power.

coercive

Which of the following bases of power have a negative effect on the organizing framework?

coercive

The ability to make threats of punishment and deliver actual punishment gives an individual:

coercive power

Which of the core influence tactics are most effective at building commitment?

consultation,inspirational appeals,rational persuasion

People who are very highly political run the risk of appearing self-serving and losing their ______.

credibility

The management practice that enhances employee performance, well-being, and positive attitudes is . (Enter one word in the blank.)

empowerement

The transfer of authority and responsibilities from management to employees is called structural .

empowerement

When an individual has valued knowledge or information needed by others, this is known as what type of power?

expert

Impression management encompasses which of the following?

behavior,speech,appearance

Elements of structural empowerment that are inputs to psychological empowerment include:

job characteristics,practices,policies

What are some characteristics of structural empowerment?

job design,transition of authority

What are the benefits of psychological empowerment for both individuals and teams?

job satisfaction,positive emotions,high performance

A commonly used political tactic in organizations is blowing your own horn while not recognizing the accomplishments of others. This is known as:

self-promotion

Ways that organizations can create structural empowerment include:

changing job design,increasing the effectiveness of employee decision making,changing job responsibilities

Commitment is superior to because it is driven by intrinsic motivation and requires less supervision.

compliance

When someone reacts to an attempt to influence them by doing just the bare minimum to get by, it is:

compliance

What can failure to apologize in a timely manner do?

damage how you and your organization are viewed,make a bad situation worse

Employees who are not honest and humble are more likely to

have lower job performance,create a bad first impression,have counterproductive work behaviors

Any attempt to control or manipulate the images related to a person, organization, or idea is:

impression management

Dressing for success is the political tactic also known as ______.

impression management

Any attempt to control or manipulate the images related to a person, organization, or idea is .

impression,managment

Benefits of empowerment for organizations include:

improved performance,positive citizenship behavior,job satisfaction

According to Cialdini's research on influencing people, how should the six principles he found be used?

in combination

What are the negative effects of organizational politics at the individual level?

increased stress,increased employee turnover,reduced job satisfaction

Soft influence tactics include:

inspirational appeals ,rational persuasion

When someone reacts to an attempt to influence their behavior by refusing to comply it is:

resistance

What are the negative effects of organizational politics at the group and organization levels?

restricted information flow,diverted attention,wasted time

Individuals or organizations that obtain compliance by promising or granting rewards use power.

reward

Individuals or organizations that obtain compliance by promising or granting rewards use which base of power?

reward power

What are some upward impression management techniques employees use to impress their managers?

working on key projects that need help,associating themselves with other employees on the fast track

Which of the following are some of the tactics interviewers use to impress job candidates? (Check all that apply.)

Appearance of promotional items,Nonverbal cues,Administrative follow-up

Which of the following are ways to increase the relative effectiveness of influence tactics? (Check all that apply.)

Being credible,Being trustworthy

Which of the following management styles grants followers the authority to make decisions?

Delegation

How can managers use their power to supercharge the performance of those they manage?

Empower employees to make sound decisions.

Which of the following are the forms of power you possess independent of your job or position in an organization? (Check all that apply.)

Expert power,Referent power

True or false: When a manager empowers an employee, the manager simultaneously loses power.

FALSE

Research has identified useful advice on building support for your ideas that include:

Getting your idea on the agenda,Locking it in to the budget and other procedures,Forming alliances with those who control decisions and resources

Commonly used influence tactics include which of the following?

Inspirational appeals,Consultation,Rational persuasion,Ingratiation

Match the political tactic in the left column with the correct explanation from the right column.

Interpreting or not enforcing rules to serve your own interests,Adhering to organizational norms,Making higher-ups feel good,Creating a support system inside and outside the organization,Minimizing association with failure

Robert Cialdini's research identified six principles for influencing people. What ideas were these principles based on?

People have fundamental responses to influence attempts.,If your efforts align with the fundamental responses, your influence increases.

Recall that favorable upward impression management tactics include which of the following?

Praising and doing favors for one's supervisor,Presenting oneself as a polite and nice person,Presenting information about one's job performance in a positive light

When Jen received a bonus for reaching her sales goal, her employer was using which form of power?

Reward power

When working in a virtual environment, how can people reduce ambiguity? (Check all that apply.)

Share information.,Provide examples.,Create accountability.

How do soft influence tactics differ from hard influence tactics?

Soft tactics are friendlier.

Which of the following helps transfer authority and responsibilities from management to employees?

Structural empowerment

Which of the following characteristics are reflective of a coalition? (Check all that apply.)

They have fluid membership.,They may or may not coincide with formal organization groups.,When the issue is resolved, they disband.

When you use power or influence, how might others respond to your wishes?

They may comply.,They may resist.,They may commit.

Which of the following are reasons why it is important to assign blame correctly? (Check all that apply.)

To influence your behavior in the future,To keep your influence intact

Which of the following are practical and effective ways for managers to use their power?

Use your power only when necessary.,Develop sources of personal power.,Apply a larger variety of influence and political tactics.

Match the influence tactic in the left column with the correct explanation from the right column.

Using logic, reason, or facts to convince another ,Appealing to emotions, ideals, or values,Involving others in planning and making decisions about changes,Using praise, flattery, humor, or helpfulness before making a request,Referring to friendship or loyalty when making a request

Match the interviewing technique in the left column with the correct explanation from the right column.

What interviewers say and how they say it,Smiling, laughing, leaning in,Appearance, manner of dress, visual items presented,Timing of communication, feedback, and follow-up

In which of the following situations, are apologies required? (Check all that apply.)

When someone has been harmed by your actions,When it is important to restore trust,When you need to influence the offended party in the future

Rhonda operates a small restaurant with a very large and complex menu. The employees form a coalition to convince Rhonda to streamline and focus the menu. This change in policy ultimately results in decreased food costs, more customer satisfaction, and greater profits. This is an example of ______ that is ______.

political action; positive

Apologizing can reduce which of the following?

poor performance,negative uses of power,bad impressions

The ability to marshal human, informational, and other resources to get something done is:

power

The characteristics of an effective apology include:

promise not to repeat the offense,expression of regret,acceptance of responsibility,acknowledgment of wrongdoing

Apologies are important and are effective to the extent that they restore what in a relationship?

trust

What are ill-defined decision processes likely to trigger in organizations?

uncertainty

Triggers such as change, strong competition, or vague performance measures create:

uncertainty in organizations

Political maneuvering in organizations is triggered by uncertainty most often caused by:

unclear objectives ,vague performance measures,strong group competition

Match the element of psychological empowerment in the left column with its correct meaning in the right column.

Belief that your goals align with your team and management,Personal evaluation of your ability to do your job,Sense that you have control over your work and its outcomes,Feeling that your efforts make a difference to your organization

The main ways that people react when others try to manage or influence them are:

commitment,resistance,compliance

Employees who are psychologically empowered feel a sense of:

competence,self-determination,meaning

What are the four elements that empower individuals and teams?

competence,self-determination,meaning,impact

Match the level of political action in an organization in the left column to its distinguishing characteristic from the right column.

Cooperative pursuit of general self-interests,Cooperative pursuit of group interests in specific issues,Individual pursuit of general self-interests

Step 3 in the creation of an influence plan involves deciding what you want or need from the person you hope to influence. What are the two possible choices?

compliance,commitment

What are some of the perceptions that people have about organizational politics?

It increases job stress.,It decreases job satisfaction. ,It decreases organizational commitment.

Match the Principle of Persuasion in the left column with the explanation from the right.

People want information and opportunities that are hard to get,Use informal conversations to learn about others; offer sincere and timely praise and recognition,Both good and bad deeds will be repaid in kind,Get a personal commitment,People respect credible experts,Role models and peer pressure build influence

True or false: Being flexible and accepting other people's ideas will increase the likelihood of your success.

TRUE

Which of the following are correct ways to think about empowerment? (Check all that apply.)

We should recognize that it is not an either-or proposition.,We should not think that one person's gain is another's loss.

Research has shown that empowerment is important because it positively influences the performance of which of the following?

individuals,organizations,teams

Conscious efforts to affect and change a specific behavior in others are:

influence tactics

Which characteristics will impress interviewers?

be honest and ethical,show your true self

Which of the following are ways to make a good first impression?

be in a good mood,have goals,watch your body language

In the workforce, why is commitment superior to compliance?

because it is driven from within an employee

The three blaming styles researchers found in people from a large variety of industries include

blaming others,blaming oneself,denying blame

What are some of the negative effects of the abuse of power?

business and financial ruin,political uprisings,sexual harassment allegations

How do virtual teams overcome the ambiguity created by a lack of face-to-face interaction?

by sharing information

A(n) ______ is an informal group bound together by the active pursuit of a single issue.

coalition

Making threats and actually carrying out punishment is which type of power?

coercive

Large organizations often hire lobbyists with experience in regulatory agencies because the lobbyists have:

expert power

What type of political action is pursued at the individual level?

general self-interests

What are some of the forms that resistance takes when opposing those who try to assert their power?

indifference,sabotage,passive-aggressiveness