Chapter 12 Nervous System questions
name the prefix that means"light"
"photo"
wall of the eye superficial to Deep
1 fibrous tunic 2 vascular tunic 3 nervous tunic
list the three layers of the wall of the eye in order from superficial to Deep
1 fibrous tunic 2 vascular tunic 3 nervous tunic
listed in order dynamic equilibrium
1 fluid within semicircular canals move 2 cupula is bent 3 hair cells are bent 4 hair cells Associates Sensory neurons
list, in order, the structures making up the signal Pathways for the maculae
1 hair cells 2 vestibular 3 vestibulococular nerve 4 brain
place in order the sequence of events in the auditory pathway
1 hearing receptors are stimulated 2 signal is carried by the cochlear nerve 3 signal reaches the medulla oblongata 4 signal reaches the midbrain and thalamus 5 signal is interpreted in the temporal lobes
place an order the components of the olfactory pathways
1 olfactory receptor 2 olfactory nerves 3 olfactory bulb 4 olfactory tracts 5 limbic system in olfactory complex
place an order the sequence of taste nerve pathway
1 taste receptors are stimulated 2. cranial nerves carry sensory impulses 3. impulses are carried to the medulla oblongata 4. impulses are then carried to the thalamus 5. impulses are then carried to the gustatory cortex
place in order the structures that light passes through as it enters the eye
1. cornea 2. aqueous humor 3. lens 4. vitreous humor 5. retina
list the order of sensory signals of dynamic equilibrium
1. fluid within semicircular canals move. 2. Cupula is bent. 3. Hair cells are bent. 4. Hair cells trigger signals and Associated Sensory neurons
this the auditory ossicles in the order they transfer vibrations from the tympanic membrane to the inner ear
1. malleus 2. incus 3. stapes
the visual pathway in order
1. optic nerve 2. optic chiasma 3. optic tract 4. thalamus 5. optic radiation 6. visual cortex in the occipital lobe
special senses
Ark find two structures in the head such as the eyes and ears
Blood pressure
Baroreceptors are specialized mechanoreceptreceptors that sense changes in.
locations where receptors for special senses are
Eyes, Ears, taste buds
Extroreceptive senses
House flies landing on the skin of neck
the variations in eye color are determined by the amount of and distribution of melanin in what structure of the eye?
Iris
Nociceptors
Receptors for pain are also called --------. They can be stimulated by various types of stimuli such as mechanical damage, external changes in temperature, chemical stimulation or ischemia.
nociceptor
Sensory receptors that detect tissue damage and are found everywhere in the body (except the nervous system tissue of the brain) are called ----- receptors
receptors for the sense of smell are found where
Superior nasal conchae and the nasal septum
optic disc
The ---- --- is the area of the retina that is lacking photoreceptors and is referred to as the blind spot.
changes in light intensity, accommodation
a photo pupillary reflex occurs in response to which two stimuli?
olfactory receptors
a type of receptor called chemoreceptors that sense chemicals dissolved in liquid
the process of changing the shape of the lens to view a close object is called
accommodation
The photopupillary Reflex occurs in response to which two stimuli
accommodation and changes and light sensitivity
sour
acids
sensory ------- in olfactory receptors is rapid, with a decrease in sensitivity causing a drop in the intensity of smell.
adaption
vitreous body
after light passes through the lens, it goes through the ---- before hitting the retina?
the middle ear also called the tympanic cavity
air filled space that houses the three auditory ossicles
umami
amino acids
ciliary body
anterior portion responsible for accommodation of the lens
Iris
anterior portion responsible for control of light entering the eye
ciliary body
anterior portion, responsible for accommodation of the lens
Taste receptor cells ------ sensory neurons
are not
the receptor cells of taste, called taste cells, _---- Sensory neurons.
are not
adaption
at first, a hot tub seems in possibly hot. After a minute or two, it seems quite comfortable. This is an example of -------.
external ear
auricle, acoustic meatus and tympanic membrane
sensation
awareness of a sensory event due to a response by receptor to a stimulus
dynamic equilibrium
balances is the head in the body when they are suddenly moved or rotated
four primary taste sensations
bitter, sour, Umami, sweet
the organs of taste ----- are called taste, most of which are found associated with ---- .
buds, papillae
sweet
carbohydrates
which part of the brain interprets impulses for the semicircular canals
cerebellum
prioeceptive senses
changes in body positions when moving from laying down to sitting up right
photopapillary reflex occurs in response to which two stimuli
changes in light intensity and accommodation
what is accommodation
changing the shape of the lens
olfactory receptors are a type of receptor called ------- that sense ------
chemoreceptors, chemicals dissolved in liquid
three components of the middle layer or tunic of the eye
choroid coat ciliary body Iris
name two types of thermoreceptors
cold and warm
myopia for nearsightedness
condition in which a person is able to focus on close objects but distance vision is for
photoreceptors called what provide color vision
cones
auditory tube
connects the middle ear to the throat
iris
contain smooth muscle, it controls the amount of light coming into the eye, and is the colored portion of the eye
the clear, anterior most structure of the eye, part of the fibrous tunic is called the
cornea
list three structures of the eye that refract light rays
cornea vitreous humor lens
free nerve endings
describe the structures that act as pain receptors.
the rods of the retina provide vision in
dim light
interoceptive senses
distention of the urinary bladder, indicating a need to urinate
extrinsic muscles
during reading, the '----' contracts to move the eye across the page.
the tympanic membrane is also called the
eardrum
three locations where receptors for special senses are found
ears eyes and taste buds
list three locations where receptors for special senses are found
ears taste buds eyes
sweet and salty
eating saltine crackers would primarily stimulate which to taste receptors
tactile or meissner's corpuscles
encapsulated receptors for fine touch, abundant and hairless portions of the skin
accessory organs of the eye
extrinsic muscles, eyelids, and lacrimal apparatus
classified as accessory organs of the eye
extrinsic muscles, lacrimal apparatus, and the eyelids
ocul-
eye
three locations where receptors for special senses are found
eyes, ears, and taste buds
an individual who is hyperopic can see ----- but cannot see -----
far, near
hyperopia
farsightedness and related to aging is, in which a person is able to bring the image of distant objects into Focus but vision of close objects as poor
the outermost superficial, layer of the wall of the eye is the ------ tunic. The middle is the ----
fibrous, vascular
membrane potential
for all the receptors, stimulation of a receptor results in the change in -------.
Sweet, Bitter, sour, umami
four primary taste sensations
describe the structures that act as pain receptors
free nerve endings
structure that acts as pain receptor
free nerve endings
the simplest receptors for touch / pressure are
free nerve endings
within the spiral organ, hair cells have what role
hair cells are receptor cells
stereocilia
hair cells in the spiral organ have extensions they respond to Mechanical stimuli
scler
hard
but hopefully I contains receptors for which sense
hearing
the special senses are
hearing, equilibrium, sight, taste and olfaction
therm
heat
presbyopia is common in ---- individuals, and causes the loss of ---- vision.
holder, near
list three locations for taste buds
in lining of cheeks, surface of tongue, roof of mouth
receptors for the sense of smell are found
in the spirit nasal conchae and nasal septum
where are the olfactory organs located
in the superior nasal cavity
rods and cones are found in the
inner tunic of the eye
perception
interpretation of sensory signals
three characteristics of iris
it controls the amount of light coming into the eye. it contains smooth muscle it is the color portion of the eye
three characteristics of the iris of the eye
it is the colored portion of the eye it controls the amount of light coming into the eye it contain smooth muscle
vitreous humor
jelly like substance located between the lens and retina of the eye ball
cerebral cortex
knowing what type of stimulus occurred will depend on which type of receptor was stimulated and what region of the ---- receives the impulse coming from sensory receptors.
3 accessory organs of the eye
lacrimal apparatus, eyelids, extrinsic muscles
two types of receptors that sense touch and pressure
lamellated corpuscles (pacinian) and free nerve endings
light waves are primarily refracted by the cornea, the ------ , in the fluids in the eye chamber before being focused upon the retina.
lens
three structures of the eye that refract light rays
lens cornea vitreous humor
three structures of the eye that reflect light rays
lens, vitreous humor, cornea
photo
light
photoreceptors are receptors that respond to
light energy
are the three auditory ossicles or bones
malleus incus and stapes
the three auditory ossicles
malleus, incus, stapes
what type of receptor responds to stimuli that deform The
mechanoreceptor
which type of receptor responds to stimuli that deform The receptors
mechanpreceptor
extrinsic eye muscles
medial rectus, Superior oblique and lateral rectus
3 extrinsic eye muscles
medial rectus, lateral rectus, Superior oblique
for all receptors stimulation of a receptor results in change in
membrane potential
for all receptors, the stimulation of a receptor results in the change in
membrane potential
also called the tympanic cavity is a air filled space that houses the three auditory ossicles
middle ear
interoceptive sense
monitoring blood pressure, blood calcium levels, and blood oxygen levels are examples of what type of General sense?
cold thermoreceptor
most sensitive to water at 65 degrees Fahrenheit or 18 degrees Celsius
warm and cold
name the two types of thermoreceptors
a myopic individual can see ---- but cannot see ----.
near, far
taste receptor cells are sensory neurons true or false
no they are not Sensory neurons
special senses are ----- ------ hearing, equilibrium, and sight
olfaction and taste
the area of the retina that is lacking photoreceptors and is referred to as the blind spot
optic disc
the sclera and cornea make up the ---- tunic or layer of the eye
outer
the ear is divided into which three sections
outer inner and middle
120 degrees Fahrenheit 50 degrees Celsius
pain receptors
the viscera have several kinds of receptors, what type of visceral receptor is the only one to provide conscious sensation
pain receptors
while visceral have several kinds of receptors, what type of visceral receptor is the only one to provide conscious sensation?
pain receptors
most taste buds are found on the small bumps on the surface of the tongue called
papillae
the interpretation of sensory input by the cerebral cortex results in
perception
photoreceptors for color vision
phones
light
photoreceptors are receptors that respond to ------- energy
three classifications of sensory receptors based on a sensitivity to different types of stimuli
photoreceptors, mechanoreceptors thermoreceptors
bitter
poisons
ciliary body
portion of the middle of the eye that holds the lens in place via suspensory ligaments
choroid coat
posterior portion provides blood supply and contains pigments that prevent reflection
Projection
process by which we know the location of a stimulated receptor
accommodation
process of changing the shape of the lens to view a close object
thermoreceptors
receptor that senses changes in temperature
general
receptors for the ------ senses are widely distributed throughout the body including within the skin various organs and joints.
presbyopia
reduced ability to accommodate for near Vision that commonly occurs with aging
visceral pain may feel as if it comes from some part of the body other than the part being stimulated. This is called
referred pain
the bending of light rays as they pass from one medium to another
refraction
the photoreceptors called -----' are responsible for the vision of dim light.
rods
inner
rods and cones are found in the ---- tunic of the eye.
name two chambers within the vestibule involved in the sense of equilibrium
saccule and the utricle
the outer layer tunic of the eye includes a posterior white portion called the ----- and an anterior clear portion called the ------m
sclera, cornea
tympanic membrane
semi-transparent membrane that moves back and forth in response to sound waves
the ------ term refers to information sent from sensory receptors to the brain. The term -------- refers to the interpretation of the information by the cerebral cortex.
sensation, perception
information (sensory impulses) arriving at the cerebral cortex result in ------. Awareness of the location of the source of the stimulation is called ------'.
sensation, projection
stretch receptors
set of mechanorecptors that sense the degree of inflation in the lungs
free nerve endings
simplest type of touch / pressure receptor located within the epithelial of the skin
lamellated corpuscles
since heavy pressure stretch and vibrations
list two locations where receptors for general senses are found
skin and joints
special senses
smell, taste, hearing, equilibrium, sight
special senses
specialize in are confined to structures in the head such as the eyes and ears
list three examples of stimuli capable of stimulating a nociicreceptor
spilling hydrochloric acid on the skin, a blood clot in an artery that Supply skeletal muscle in the leg that reduces blood flow to the tissue, hundred and thirty degrees Fahrenheit water splashing on the skin
static equilibrium
stability of the head and body when they are motionless
which are causes of conductive deafness
stiffening of the tympanic membrane, stiffening of the ossicles, buildup of earwax
three types of stimuli detected by lamellated (pancinian) corpuscles
stretch, vibration, heavy pressure
the six extrinsic eye muscles are?
superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus, lateral rectus, Superior oblique, and inferior oblique
the ciliary body is attached to the lens via
suspensory ligaments
the five primary taste sensations are?
sweet, sour, salty, bitter and umami
cold viruses can often cause inflammation that greatly decreased the sense of smell which other sense will be affected by this
taste
3 location where receptors for special senses are found
taste buds, eyes, ears
the special senses are 5
taste, olfaction, hearing, equilibrium, and sight
what type of stimulus is detected by thermoreceptors
temperature
outer ear
the ----- includes the auricle, the acoustic meatus and the tympanic membrane.
retina
the ------ forms the inner, or nervous, tunic of the eye. It contains photoreceptors
tympanic membrane
the anatomical term for the eardrum
includes the aurcle, acoustic meatus, and the tympanic membrane
the external ear
apparatus, gland
the lacrimal ------ is a series of accessory structures of the eye. It consists of the lacrimal ------', which secretes tears, and a series of ducks which carry the tears into the nasal cavity
lacrimal apparatus
the lacrimal gland and the ducts that carry the tears to the nails El cavity are collectively called the?
fibrous, vascular
the outer, or most superficial, layer of the wall of the eye is the ----- tunic. The middle layer is the ----- tunic.
color
the photoreceptors called cones are responsible for vision.
rods
the photoreceptors that are responsible for vision in dim light
Melanocytes
the posterior portion of the vascular tunic is pigmented due to the presence of pigmented producing cells called
Refraction
the process that involves the bending of light rays as they pass through objects of different density
Iris
the pupil is a hole in the center of what structure of the eye?
the outer layer of the eye
the sclera and the cornea make up the outer tunic
special
the sense is that are classified as the ------- senses include the senses of smell taste hearing equilibrium and sight
lens
the transparent structure of the eye that changes shape to focus light onto the retina
lens
the transparent structure of the eye that changes shape to focus light onto the retina is the
iris
the variations in eye color are determined by the amount of and distribution of melanin in the structure
Iris
then structure that constitutes the colored part of the eye and functions to adjust the amount of light entering the eye
list three characteristics of pain receptors
there are nociceptors they're sensitive to tissue damage they are lacking in the brain
receptors that sense temperature changes are called
thermoreceptors
list three classifications of sensory receptors, based upon their sensitivity to different types of stimuli.
thermoreceptors, photoreceptors, mechanoreceptors
regarding pain receptors
they adapt very little, if at all
three characteristics of pain receptors
they are lacking in the brain they are nociceptors they are sensitive to tissue damage
three characteristics of taste hairs
they are microvilli on taste cells, they contain protein receptors that bind chemicals, they extend out into the taste pores
three characteristics of taste hair
they extend into the tea spores, they contain the protein receptors that bind chemicals, they are microvilli on taste cells
"aud"
to hear
aud
to hear
what is the function of melanocytes in the choroid coat
to produce pigments, which absorb excess light
olfact-
to smell
lens
transparent, elastic structure its shape is modified by ciliary muscles
molecules must first be dissolved in saliva to be tasted
true
the extrinsic eye muscles are considered accessory organs of the eye true or false
true
true or false the extrinsic eye muscles are considered accessory organs of the eye
true
the anatomical term for the eardrum is
tympanic membrane
transmission of Sound Vibrations to the auditory ossicles is the function of the
tympanic membrane
proprioceptors
type of mechanoreceptor that senses changes in the tension of muscles and tendons
Hyperopia or farsightedness
unrelated to aging is a condition in which a person is able to bring the image of distant objects into focus by vision of close objects is poor
nerve impulses arising from the maculae of the vestibule travel next through what structures
vestibular nerve
pain receptors
viscera have several types of receptors the only receptors that provide sensation are?
taste cells
what is the name of the actual receptors for our sense of taste?
movement of the eyes
what is the result of contraction of the extrinsic eye muscles?
taste buds
what is the sensory organ for taste?
chemoreceptor
what type of receptor responds to changes in the concentration of substances in the fluid around them?
Pain receptors
what type of receptor will respond to a change in temperature of 120°F (50°C)
sensation adaption
when you first put clothes on, you feel them against your skin. Soon after, you don't notice the close. This is due to the process of ---.
in the superior nasal cavity
where are the olfactory organs located
olfactory receptor
which of these sensory receptors is a chemoreceptor
cerebellum
which part of the brain interprets impulses from the semicircular canals?
cornea
which part of the eye is made up of clear connective tissue, but has no blood vessels, has a lot of pain receptors?
cochlea
which structure contains hearing receptors
a distortion of The receptors plasma membrane
which type of stimulus would be detected by a mechanoreceptor
-'xxxxx
which type of stimulus would be detected by a mechanoreceptor?
optic chiasm
x shaped structure that consists of fibers of the optic nerve that crossover
do thermoreceptors adapt quickly
yes
three locations for special senses
yours taste buds and eyes