Chapter 12 review
This is the type of Neuroglia that maintains the blood-brain barrier.
Astrocytes
What category do the parasympathetic and sympathetic division fall into?
Autonomic nervous system
Muscles or glands receiving the command are called?
Effectors
In dissection of neural tissue, myelinated axons appear to contain short, glossy white segments called what?
Internodes
This type of cell plays a part in Wallerian degeneration by repairing damaged nerves by form a solid cellular cord that follows the path of the original axon.
Schwann
What two divisions can the nervous system be divided into?
anatomical and functional
The ________ nervous system provides involuntary regulation of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glandular activity.
autonomic
The central nervous system consists of?
both the brain and spinal cord
The ________ nervous system is composed of the brain and spinal cord.
central
What is responsible for processing sensory information and issuing motor commands?
central nervous system
The anatomical divisions of the nervous system are divided into what divisions?
central nervous system and peripheral nervous system
Most neurons do not have _____, therefore they can not divide if neuron is lost or damaged
centrioles
Neurons are nerves cells that are specialized for?
communication between the neurons and glands, muscles, and other neurons
What are the slender extensions off of the cell body of a neuron called?
dendrites
The ________ division carries motor commands to muscles and glands.
efferent
What neuron carries commands to muscles, glands, and adipose tissue?
efferent
The myelin sheath that covers many CNS axons is formed by
oligodendrocytes.
The peripheral nervous system includes all neural tissue _____ the brain and spinal cord
outside
Each synapse involves two cells; the presynaptic cell which ______ the message and the postsynaptic cell that ______ the message.
sends; receives
The cell body of a neuron is also called?
soma
The ________ nervous system controls the skeletal muscles.
somatic
Receptors can be neurons or _____ cells
specialized
Sensory neurons of the PNS are
unipolar.
The following are the steps involved in transmission at a cholinergic synapse. 1. Chemically-gated sodium channels on the postsynaptic membrane are activated. 2. Calcium ions enter the synaptic terminal. 3. Acetylcholinesterase hydrolyzes acetylcholine. 4. An action potential depolarizes the synaptic terminal at the presynaptic membrane. 5. The synaptic terminal reabsorbs choline. 6. Acetylcholine is released from storage vesicles by exocytosis. 7. Acetylcholine binds to receptors on the postsynaptic membrane. 8. Calcium ions are removed from the cytoplasm of the synaptic terminal.
4, 2, 6, 7, 1, 8, 3, 5.
The following are the main steps in the generation of an action potential. 1. Sodium channels are inactivated. 2. Voltage-gated potassium channels open and potassium moves out of the cell, initiating repolarization. 3. Sodium channels regain their normal properties. 4. A graded depolarization brings an area of an excitable membrane to threshold. 5. A temporary hyperpolarization occurs. 6. Sodium channel activation occurs. 7. Sodium ions enter the cell and depolarization occurs.
4, 6, 7, 1, 2, 3, 5.
This automatically regulates smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glandular secretions and adipose tissue at the subconscious level.
ANS
______ of the (PNS) is responsible for bringing sensory information to the Central Nervous System CNS
Afferent division
________ are phagocytic cells, acting as janitorial service of the CNS
Microglia
afferent
What neuron brings sensory information to the brain from skin and muscle? afferent
The most common neuron that is found in the CNS is called?
multipolar
Neurons that have several dendrites and a single axon are called
multipolar.
What gives the cell bodies of neurons their gray color?
nissl bodies
What delivers information to the central nervous system?
peripheral nervous system
What is the specialized site where the neuron communicates with another cell called?
synapse