Chapter 12: Spinal Cord & Spinal Nerves.

A ____ conducts action potentials from the stimulus to the spinal cord.

sensory neuron

A stimulus is detected by a ____.

sensory receptor.

The dorsal roots contains ____ axons, while the ventral roots contain motor axons.

sensory; motor

Endoneurium directly surrounds a/an ____ -fascicle -axon -entire nerve

axon

Which of the following would be likely result of damaging the musculocutaneous nerve? -diffuculty flexing the shoulder -difficulty flexing the elbow -loss of sensation from the medial third of the hand. -loss of sensation from the lateral shoulder.

difficulty flexing the shoulder.

The sensory neurons conduct actions potentials through the ____ of the spinal cord.

dorsal root

The most superficial layer of the meninges is the ____ mater, and the deepest layer of the meninges is the ____ mater

dura; pia

The spinal cord extends from the level of the ___ to the level of the ____. -cervical enlargement; cauda equina -cervical enlargement; lumbosacral enlargement -foramen magnum; second lumbar vertebra -brain; filum terminale

foramen magnum; second lumbar vertebra.

Neuron cell bodies are located in the ____ matter, and myelinated axons are located in the ____ mater. -gray; gray -gray; white -white; white -white; gray

gray; white

The motor neurons conduct action potentials through the ____ of the spinal cord.

ventral root

There are ____ pairs of spinal nerves that exits the vertebral column. -16 -42 -31 -24

31

Moving inferiorly, there are ____ ____ nerves, ____ ____ nerves, ____ ____ and ____ ____ nerves, and only one coccygeal nerve.

8 cervical; 12 thoracic; 5 lumbar; 5 sacral; 1 coccygeal.

When a doctor gives a patient epidural anesthesia, they are inserting a needle between which two structures? -spinal cord and arachnoid mater -pia mater and arachnoid mater -dorsal root ganglion and the traverse process body of the vertebrae and dura mater -periosteum and dura mater

Body of the vertebrae and dura mater.

Identify the only spacial nerve that does not have a specific cutaneous sensory distribution. -L5 -C1 -C8 -T8 _T1

C1

A dermatome is the area of skin supplied with sensory innervation by -four dorsal rami. -a pair of ventral rami. -all the nerves of the thoracic area of the spinal cord. -a pair of spinal nerves.

a pair of spinal nerves.

Check all that apply. Reflexes -are homeostatic -can be influenced by higher brain centers. -are integrated within the CNS. -produce consistent results. -require conscious thought.

are homeostatic; can be influenced by higher brain centers; are integrated within the CNS; require conscious thought.

Dermatome maps are important clinically because they -locate the position of cranial nerves. -indicate what muscles are innervated by each spinal nerve. -can be used to detect cranial nerve damage. -can be used to help locate nerve damage -can be used to check for motor function.

can be used to help locate nerve damage

The ____ enlargement of the spinal cord is the location where nerves that supply the upper limbs enter and leave the spinal cord, and the ____ enlargement is the location where nerves that supply the lower limbs enter and leave the spinal cord. -foramen magnum; lumbosacral -cervical; lumbosacral -cervical; caudal -lumbar; sacral

cervical; lumbosacral

Damage to the T11 and T12 spinal nerves could result in loss of movement in the ____ and ____ but would not affect the movement of the ____. -diaphragm; lower limbs; hips -upper limbs; intercostals muscles; diaphragm. -shoulder; neck; lower limbs. -lower limbs; hips; upper limbs.

lower limbs; hips; upper limbs.

Interneurons are used in ____ reflex arcs.

polysynaptic

The three columns of the white matter are the ____ columns. -superior, inferior, and medical. -anterior, posterior, medial. -ventral, dorsal, and lateral. -cervical, thoracic, and lumbar.

ventral, dorsal, and lateral.