Chapter 12 Spinal Cord (H)

reflexes:

- are homeostatic - can be influenced by higher brain centers - are integrated w/in the CNS - produce consistent results

functions of the tibial nerve & its branches:

- innervates the muscles that extend the thigh - innervates the skin on the posterior portion of the leg - innervates the skin on the sole of the foot

when a dr gives a patient epidural anasthesia, they are inserting a needle between which 2 structures? a. body of the vertebrae & dura mater b. Pia mater & arachnoid mater c. periosteum & dura mater d. dura mater & pia mater

a. body of the vertebrae & dura mater

dermatome maps are important clinically because a. can be used to help locate nerve damage b. locate the position of cranial nerves c. indicate what muscles are innervated by each spinal nerve d. can be used to detect cranial nerve damage e. can be used to check for motor function

a. can be used to help locate nerve damage

a patient suffering from nerve damage is having trouble maintaining posture & moving his vertebral column. which component of the nearby spinal nerves has been damaged? a. dorsal rami b. ventral rami c. intercostal nerves d. nerve plexuses

a. dorsal rami

sensory neurons synapse with motor neurons: a. monosynaptic reflex arc b. polysynaptic reflex arc

a. monosynaptic reflex arc

simple neuronal pathways a. monosynaptic reflex arc b. polysynaptic reflex arc

a. monosynaptic reflex arc

what conducts actions potentials from the spinal cord to an effector organ a. motor neuron b. sensory neuron c. dorsal neuron d. polysynaptic neuron

a. motor neuron

layer of connective tissue surrounding a nerve fascicle a. perineurium b. endoneurium c. epineurium

a. perineurium

surround groups of axons to form fascicles a. perineurium b. endoneurium c. epineurium

a. perineurium

the basic functional unit of the nervous system a. reflex arc b. neuron c. cells d. spinal cord

a. reflex arc

what conducts actions potentials from the stimulus site to the spinal cord a. sensory neuron b. motor neuron c. dorsal neuron d. polysynaptic neurons

a. sensory neuron

muscle spindels & initiated by an increase in muscle strength a. stretch reflex b. withdrawal reflex c. Golgi tendon reflex

a. stretch reflex

how many cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, & coccygeal nerves are there? a. 12, 5, 1, 5, 8 b. 8, 12, 5, 5, 1 c. 1, 8, 5, 12, 5 d. 8, 5, 1, 12, 5

b. 8, 12, 5, 5, 1

the sensory neurons conduct action potentials through the ____ ____ of the spinal cord a. sensory root b. dorsal root c. motor root d. none of these

b. dorsal root

dedicated layer of connective tissue surrounding a single axon & its Schwann cell sheath a. perineurium b. endoneurium c. epineurium

b. endoneurium

surrounds each axon a. perineurium b. endoneurium c. epineurium

b. endoneurium

the basic structural unit of the nervous system a. reflex arc b. neuron c. cells d. spinal cord

b. neuron

which nerve emerging from the cervical plexus provides innervation to the diaphragm a. radial nerve b. phrenic nerve c. vagus nerve d. scapular nerve

b. phrenic nerve

complex neuronal pathways & integrative centers a. monosynaptic reflex arc b. polysynaptic reflex arc

b. polysynaptic reflex arc

sensory neurons synapse with interneurons a. monosynaptic reflex arc b. polysynaptic reflex arc

b. polysynaptic reflex arc

3 columns of the white matter are a. anterior, posterior, medial b. ventral, dorsal, lateral c. cervical, thoracic, lumbar d. super, inferior, medial

b. ventral, dorsal, lateral

removes body part from painful stimulus a. stretch reflex b. withdrawal reflex c. Golgi tendon reflex

b. withdrawal reflex

receptors embedded in collagen of tendons & initiated by excessive force in the tendon a. stretch reflex b. withdrawal reflex c. Golgi tendon reflex

c. Golgi tendon reflex

the ____ enlargement of spinal cord is the location where nerve that supply the upper limbs enter & leave the spinal cord, & the ____ enlargement is the location where nerves that supply the lower limbs enter & leave the spinal cord a. foramen magnum; lumbosacral b. lumbar; sacral c. cervical; lumbosacral d. cervical; caudal

c. cervical; lumbosacral

rami that carry axons associated w/ the sympathetic division of the ANS formed from the rami of thoracic & upper lumbar spinal nerves are ____ rami a. dorsal b. ventral c. communicating

c. communicating

a layer of dense connective tissue surrounding a nerve a. perineurium b. endoneurium c. epineurium

c. epineurium

surround a group of fascicles to form a nerve a. perineurium b. endoneurium c. epineurium

c. epineurium

interneurons are not usually found in a. All of the choices are correct b. polysynaptic reflex arcs c. monosynaptic reflex arcs

c. monosynaptic reflex arcs

interneurons are used in ____ reflex arcs a. demisynaptic b. monosynaptic c. polysynaptic d. multisynaptic

c. polysynaptic

a stimulus is detected by a ____ ____ a. motor receptor b. dorsal receptor c. sensory receptor d. none of these

c. sensory receptor

damage to the T11 & T12 spinal nerves could result in loss of movement in the ____ & ____ but would not affect the movement of the ____ a. diaphragm; lower limbs; hips b. upper limbs; intercostals; diaphragm c. shoulders; neck; lower limbs d. lower limbs; hips; upper limbs

d. lower limbs; hips, upper limbs

each half of the gray matter is organized into ____ horns a. ventral, dorsal, superior b. medial, superior, inferior c. superior, inferior, lateral d. posterior, anterior, lateral

d. posterior anterior, lateral

the motor neurons conduct action potentials through the ____ ____ of the spinal cord a. sensory root b. motor root c. dorsal root d. ventral root

d. ventral root

true/false: the spinal cord contains 2 enlargements-cervical & thoracic

false (it's cervical & lumbar)

true/false: the median nerve innervated most of the intrinsic hand muscles

false (it's the ulnar nerve)