Chapter 12: Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders

A commonly used assessment for alcohol use disorders is the ______.

AUDIT

________ are a diverse group of substances that cause psychoactive effects by producing chemical vapors. They are not in and of themselves harmful and are often found in the home and workplace.

Inhalants

Which of the following describe the effects of cocaine? Choose all that apply. Mental alertness Relaxation Euphoria Sleepiness

Mental alertness Euphoria

Which of the following are opioids? Select all that apply. OxyContin Naltrexone Disulfiram Hydrocodone Percocet

OxyContin Hydrocodone Percocet

Which of the following is a small, spineless cactus whose principal active ingredient is mescaline?

Peyote

What is the basic idea behind dual-process theory?

The more people can inhibit automatic impulses, the less likely they are to drink excessive amounts.

As people consume greater amounts of alcohol, they become more likely to make risky choices based on the rewards of the moment rather than considering longer-term consequences.This is best described as

alcohol myopia theory.

The type of drug that might be in a diet pill in which nervous system activity is increased is most likely a(n)

amphetamine.

Each of the following are examples of inhalants except

anxiolytics.

Clinicians who design interventions for people with alcohol use disorders begin by

assessing the alcohol use patterns of their clients.

The __________ model is a useful one for understanding substance dependence and approaches to treatment because it incorporates genetics, developmental issues, and sociocultural factors.

biopsychosocial

Naltexone reduces alcohol consumption by

blocking the effects of the body's production of alcohol-induced opioids.

The sociocultural model that connects genetic predisposition to environmental stressors is call the _______ model.

diathesis-stress

According to _______________-process theory of alcohol use disorder, there is a cognitive system involving automatic impulses and a cognitive system that could regulate such impulses.

dual

From a behavioral perspective, gambling disorder may develop because

gambling offers a pattern of reinforcement and rewards.

In families from lower socioeconomic levels, _______ seemed to play a larger role than _______ in the level of alcohol use.

genetics/the environment

A(n) _________ is a drug that causes people to experience profound distortions in their perception of reality.

hallucinogen

A condition called _______ consists of flashbacks or spontaneous hallucinations, delusions, or disturbances in mood similar to the changes that took place while the person was intoxicated with the drug.

hallucinogen persisting perception disorder

The term __________describes the effect that occurs when alcohol is combined with other drugs and the effects of the drugs taken together are greater than the effect of either substance taken alone.

potentiation

Mood and anxiety disorders are most likely to ______ the onset of gambling disorder.

precede

Twin, family, and adoption studies point to the importance of genetic factors as contributors to alcohol-related disorders, with an estimated heritability of

50 to 60 percent.

Caffeine is a(n) _____________ found in coffee, tea, chocolate, energy drinks, diet pills, and headache remedies.

stimulant

A ____________ is a category of drug that includes substances that have an activating effect on the nervous system.

stimulants

From the behavioral perspective, gambling disorder may develop due to a _______ schedule of reinforcement.

variable-ratio

According to the U.S. government's National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), in 2016, what percentage of the population used an illicit drug in the preceding 30 days?

11%

Which of the following describe the effects of psilocybin? Choose all that apply. Sedation Alterations in motor reflexes Stimulating effect that is highly addictive Difficulty differentiating fantasy from reality

Alterations in motor reflexes Difficulty differentiating fantasy from reality

Olga has been taking drugs that affect both her central nervous system and autonomic nervous system. When she takes these drugs, she becomes hostile, violent, and paranoid, and her blood pressure increases. Which of the following is she most likely taking?

Amphetamines

Which of the following best describes the result of the category of drugs referred to as stimulants?

An activating effect on the nervous system

Which of the following disorders often coincide with gambling disorder? Choose all that apply. Anxiety disorder Mood disorder Nicotine dependence Schizophrenia

Anxiety disorder Mood disorder Nicotine dependence

Which of the following models is most useful for understanding substance use disorder and approaches to treatment?

Biopsychosocial

Which of the following contain nicotine? Choose all that apply. Chewing tobacco Coffee Pipe tobacco Chocolate Cigarettes

Chewing tobacco Pipe tobacco Cigarettes

__________ is a highly addictive central nervous system stimulant that a person snorts, injects, or smokes.

Cocaine

Which of the following medications is used in aversion therapy in which a person experiences unpleasant physical reactions after consuming alcohol while taking the medication?

Disulfiram

True or false: Researchers have identified a specific gene that is responsible for the development of alcohol-related disorders.

False

Ken feels compelled to bet on horses and is at the race track whenever there are races. Ken has lost a lot of money, but he knows he can win it back with just one lucky break. He does not tell his wife how much he has actually lost. Ken would likely be diagnosed with which of the following?

Gambling disorder

Which of the following best describes the action of caffeine in the body?

It activates the sympathetic nervous system through increasing the production of adrenaline.

Which of the following best describes the pharmacological effects of disulfiram?

It blocks the action of an enzyme that normally breaks down acetaldehyde, a toxic product involved in ethanol metabolism.

Which of the following are true of Wernicke's disease? Choose all that apply.

It involves delirium. It is the result of a thiamine deficiency. It is potentially reversible. It is associated with long-term alcohol consumption.

Which of the following best describe psilocybin? Choose all that apply. It comes from a cactus. It is derived from mushrooms. It has hallucinogenic properties. Its active ingredient is THC.

It is derived from mushrooms. It has hallucinogenic properties.

Which of the following apply to peyote? It is used in Mexican religious ceremonies. It is usually classified as an anxiolytic. Its active ingredient is mescaline. Its long-term effects are unknown. It is a stimulant.

It is used in Mexican religious ceremonies. Its active ingredient is mescaline. Its long-term effects are unknown.

Which of the following are true of MDMA? Choose all that apply. It is a hypnotic. It is an opioid. Its popular street name is ecstasy. It is a hallucinogen.

Its popular street name is ecstasy. It is a hallucinogen.

Ethan takes some tablets his roommate gives him and immediately there is a dramatic change in his sensations. He believes that numbers have their own special flavor, and he says he is able to see sounds. The drug in the tablets is most likely ______.

LSD

Which of the following produces an altered sense of time and self, may result in synesthesia, and may involve terrifying feelings of panic, losing control, going insane, or dying?

LSD

Which of the following are unique features of gambling disorder? Choose all that apply. Increasing need to engage in the behavior Experiencing cravings Lying about financial losses Seeking financial bailouts Committing crimes to support gambling habits

Lying about financial losses Seeking financial bailouts Committing crimes to support gambling habits

What is a mix of flowers, stems, and leaves from the hemp plant?

Marijuana

Alcohol ___________, theory states that as people consume greater amounts of alcohol, they are more likely to make risky choices because the immediate temptation of the moment overcomes the possible long-term consequences.

Myopia

Which of the following medications is designed to prevent relapse among those with alcohol use disorder?

Naltrexone

Which of the following is a substance that relieves pain?

Opioid

Sedatives

Produce a soothing or calming effect

Why is Internet gaming disorder not a diagnosis in the DSM-5?

Research on the disorder is not fully developed.

Which of the following did the DSM-5 authors consider but not include based on the current research? Choose all that apply. Cable news addiction Shopping addiction Sex addiction Exercise addiction

Shopping addiction Sex addiction Exercise addiction

Which of the following are medicinal uses of synthetic THC? Choose all that apply. Treating glaucoma Reducing hallucinations in psychotic patients Treating asthma Reducing nausea in cancer patients

Treating glaucoma Treating asthma Reducing nausea in cancer patients

True or false: There is considerable research that supports the importance of genetics in the development of serious substance problems.

True

An acute and potentially reversible condition involving delirium, eye movement disturbances, difficulties in movement and balance, and deterioration of the peripheral nerves to the hands and feet because of a thiamine deficiency caused by chronic alcohol use is

Wernicke's disease.

Research suggests possible genetic abnormalities in the opioid receptor on _______ that may be involved in alcohol and other substance disorders.

chromosome 1

Alcohol is a(n)

depressant.

Sedatives, hypnotics, and anxiolytics all act as central nervous system ____________.

depressants

The chemical named MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine) is known on the street as ________

ecstasy

The psychoactive ingredient in cigarettes is

nicotine