Chapter 12

At what earlier period in American history, before World War II, had there been a Red Scare？

1917-1920

Which countries remained under Soviet control after the end of World War II?

Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Bulgaria

Douglas MacArthur

General in command of US forces in the Korean war

How did President Truman react when North Korean troops invaded South Korea?

He ordered US troops to South Korea and obtained the support of the United Nations for a counterattack

How did the Federal Employee Loyalty Program affect Americans' First Amendment right to peacefully assemble?

It empowered the government to fire federal employees in subversive organizations.

What was an unintended consequence of secret CIA operations in Iran in 1953 and Guatemala in 1954?

Long term resentment to the United States

McCarthyism

McCarthyism a campaign against alleged communists in the US government and other institutions carried out under Senator Joseph McCarthy in the period 1950-1954.

Julius Rosenberg

Mirkin convicted and executed for pissing nuclear secrets to the Soviets

Eisenhower Doctrine

Pledges U.S. Military and economic aid to Middle Eastern nations threatened by communist aggression.

What was the Eisenhower Doctrine?

Pledges U.S. Military and economic aid to Middle Eastern nations threatened by communist aggression.

Red Scare

Suspicion of communism and fear of widespread infiltration of communism in the US.

Why did the Soviet Union allow Poland but not Hungary to revolt?

The Polish government did not attempt to leave the Warsaw Pact

Which country was the first to begin accumulating nuclear weapons?

The United States stockpiled more than 10,000 weapons by 1971.

What was the outcome of the civil war in China?

The communist led by Mao Zedong defeated the nationalist

Why was the conflict between the Soviet Union and the United States described as a "Cold" war?

The two sides to not engage each other directly in a military conflict

Why did J. Robert Oppenheimer and Albert Einstein against the development of a hydrogen bomb?

They thought it would lead to an arms race.

George Kennan

US State Dept. employee who authors the Containment Doctrine. He warned that the USSR would spread communism.

Why was the House Committee on Un-American Activities created in 1938?

a congressional committee created in 1938 that investigated Communist influence inside and outside the U.S. government in the years following World War II.

Where did Senator McCarthy first announce that the State Department was infested with communists?

at a campaign rally

arms race

contest in which nations compete to build more powerful weapons

What best describes the underlying cause of the Cold War?

economic differences between the United States and Soviet Union

satellite state

independent nation under the control of a more powerful nation

How did the Truman Doctrine change American foreign policy?

march 1947-- offered military aid (money and materials but NOT men) to any country resisting communism; changed our foreign policy from isolationism to interventionism

In the Korean War, United Nations forces did what?

opposed the United States and South Korea

Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were charged, convicted, and executed specifically for what?

passing secrets about nuclear science to the Soviets.

Mutual Assured Destruction

policy in which the US and Soviet Union hoped to deter nuclear war by building up enough weapons to destroy one another

In China's civil war, the United States backed who?

the Nationalists, led by Jiang Jieshi.

What event threatened the flow of Middle Eastern oil to Europe?

the suez canal crisis

limited war

war to achieve specific goals rather than the total defeat of the enemy